free biology exit exam practice test

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?

Circular DNA

In the scientific classification of living organisms, which category is more specific than "phylum" but more general than "species"?

Class

There are two types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Which of the following cellular structures are found in both types of cell? DNA Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Chloroplast

DNA

DNA exists in the form of __________ strands of DNA coiled about each other.

Double

In cellular respiration, which stage produces the majority of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Electron transport chain

Which organ system is responsible for producing hormones that regulate various body functions?

Endocrine system

A cell uses which of the following to accelerate chemical reactions enabling its metabolic machinery to operate?

Enzymes

Which of the following directly (as opposed to indirectly) supports Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?

Evidence from Genetics

In humans, how do the sex chromosomes differ between males and females?

Females have two X chromosomes and males one X chromosome and one Y chromosome

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human body?

Filtration of blood and excretion of waste products

Which of the following organisms is a vertabrate?

Frogs

The functional unit of heredity is the _____________.

Gene

Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

Glucose

___________ occurs when organisms of different species mate and form offspring

Hybridization

Which of the following is not part of the metabolic sequence? a. Photosynthesis b. Respiration c. Hydoplasm d. Digestion

Hydoplasm

Which of the following represents the largest group of biological classification? a. Kingdom b. Species c. Class d. Genus

Kingdom

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and debris?

Lysosome

When sexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms, a process takes place before cells fuse whereby a cell is left with half of its chromosomes, enabling the creation of a cell with a characteristic chromosome number. What is this process called?

Meiosis

Many animals protect themselves with an exoskeleton. Which of the following is an example of an animal with an exoskeleton?

Mollusk

Locomotion in Metazoa is usually due to the contraction of what?

Muscle

The phrase "survival of the fittest" is an alternate phrase expressing which of the following principles?

Natural Selection

Which cellular structure is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA and is often called the "factory" of the cell?

Nucleolus

Genes are located within the cytoplasm of the cell.

Nucleus

What it is the name given to specialized structures within cells responsible for carrying out specific functions such as providing energy and producing hormones?

Organelles

What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the use of energy?

Passive diffusion

In genetics, what term describes the expression of an individual's genetic makeup?

Phenotype

The bodies of all insects have _______ major divisions.

3

How many chromosomes does an individual human person have?

46

A multicellular organism is:

A group of differentiated eukaryotic cells that work together to support the function of an organism

Changes in the genetic makeup of an organism may be due to which of the following? a. New combinations of chromosomes b. Chromosome mutation c. Gene mututation d. All of the above

All of the above

Which phylum do insects belong to in the animal kingdom classification?

Arthropoda

What is the role of the enzyme pepsin in the digestive system?

Breakdown of proteins

What is the primary function of the enzyme amylase?

Breaks down carbohydrates

The term thallus refers to the plant-like structure of which of the following organisms?

Brown algae

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that plays a crucial role in regulating Earth's temperature?

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following are NOT organelles found in animal cells? a. Nucleus and golgi apparatus b. Cellular membrane and cytoplasm c. Mitochondria and ribosomes d. Chloroplast and central vacuole

Chloroplast and central vacuole

Light initiates different types of cellular reactions. Which of the following responses to light converts the energy from light into a gain of potential energy? a. Phototaxis b. Photoperiodism c. Photosynthesis d. All of the above

Photosynthesis

Which of the following is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

Produces genetically identical offspring

Single-celled protists with animal-like behavior belong to the phylum ______________.

Protozoa

What is the primary function of the hormone insulin in the human body?

Regulates blood sugar levels

Genetic information is transferred from the nucleus to cytoplasm by way of _______________.

Ribonucleic acid

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase

All of the following are similarities between unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms, except _____________. a. Internal complexity b. Division of labor c. Size d. Ecological relationships

Size

In which organ does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the human digestive system?

Small intestine

What is the process by which plants lose water vapor through small openings in their leaves?

Transpiration

Sterile female honey bees are called _________________.

Workers

In normal sexual reproduction, two mature gametes fuse to form a(n) _____________.

Zygote

the net effect of photosynthesis, chemically, is reduction, leading to the formation of which products?

oxygen and carbohydrates

a cell membrane is _____

semipermeable