fresh fruit broken bodies
Want
"thats what they want to do" "they don't want to move up" "its better than their situation in mexico"
Driving while Brown
- pay extra attention to any windshield cracks, lights, stickers... - brown bodies are seen as illegal
Administrative assistants
- pink collar job Responsibilities: mail, visitors, phones Anxieties: moods and opinions of bosses, privileges: work indoors
Structure of Tanaka Farm
1. Farm Executives 2. crop managers 3.supervisors 4.checkers 5.pickers also administrative assistants
NAFTA
1. NAFTA erased tariffs between US and Mexico and Canada, goods flow freely 2. NAFTA did not erase subsidies (govt gives $$ that lowers price of a crop) 3. US able to subsidize corn, while Mexico cannot --> Mexican corn more expensive than US corn, less profitable --> migration
Body Position in Labor
1. sitting jobs = linked to the mind 2. standing job = upstanding citizen, standing upright... 3. kneeling/bending = animals
aspects of clinical gaze at work
1. values of observations of doctor and tests > patients experience 2. blaming patient for suffering 3. structural violence victimizing patients and doctors
conjugated oppression
2 parts of a persons identity ex. ethnicity and class work together to produce an oppression experientially and materially different from that produced by either alone - lower class + triqui - Abelino given his traumatic labor position bc of being an undocumented triqui man
embodiment
Holmes wants to collect anthropological data through his body in order to truly understand the Triqui experience --a way of describing porous, visceral, felt, enlivened bodily experiences, in and with inhabited worlds. -experiences of body contribute to field notes - reconnecting the mind and body
Race is embodied
Mary Weismantel says " categories of race are unnecessary without racism" one's race may be altered over time as one's bodily shape, smell whiteness= buying perfumes and smelling good, not dirty
Suerte
Plastic bag w coyote fur and pine sap made by triqui healer
Farm Executives
Responsibilities: decisions, running the farm Anxieties: profit, competition, developers Privileges: control their own breaks, lots of freedom with time, private office
Crop Managers
Responsibilities: details for efficiency -> plowing, planning anxieties: efficiency of labor, machines, weather privileges: flexibility w schedule, private office, outside
Acculturation
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.
social reproduction
The process of perpetuating values, norms, and social practices through socialization, which leads to structural continuity over time.
Holmes reflects on feeling out of place in the farm hierarchy ( social class, ethnicity, citizenship)
This is evidence that he's been influenced by postmodern critique
Triqui less Mexican because their language
Triqui is "dialect" ( actually a language) in public gaze and so they're less Mexican bc they don't speak Spanish
clinical gaze
When the doctor views the patient as a disease not as a person objectification of patients as the only thing seen is the problematic body part instead of body/ person as a whole nurses also get dehumanized ex. scrubs cadavers
Sharing food & buying meals for each other while crossing the border
balanced reciprocity
Habitus
bodily comportments, dispositions, tastes, desires, accreted over a lifetime of experiences - changes - how the body is conditioned - affects how ppl treat u bc your habitus is part of your identity and then affects your social relations
rebel body
body offers critiques of social "dis-ease" , resist hierarchy when no other recourse is available
embodiment of being close to the ground
close to the ground, lowest on the hierarchy
Witnessing
conscious resistance to clinical gaze
hierarchies are constructed...so...
constructed hierarchies can be changed
Doctor-Doctor relationship
doctors tend to trust another doctor more than the actual patient
land wars in mexico
global capitalism--> depression in mexico--> competition for land --> poverty--> migration
War of manoeuvre
hegemony by military control
Structure of Tanaka Farm (meaning)
hierarchy on farm reflects hierarchy of real life and thus reinforces it - ppl speak in vertical metaphors: those "above" them overseeing those "at the bottom"
economic mobility and ethnic succession
idea that every migrant suffers this way and that it is normal... in a few generations they will stop suffering
Bad Faith
individuals knowingly deceive themselves in order to avoid acknowledging realities disturbing to them ex. Samantha gave precedence to her own suffering and diminished triqui ongoing suffering
healthy latino paradox
latinos fare ilness better than other groups latino fails to differentiate between Spanish, South American, indigenous, central, etc..
Gendered education
men get more education on the farm and so they get the upper hand because they can learn to speak Spanish
everyday violence
micro-interactions that are expressions of violence
Language contributes to hierarchy
migrant/foreigner/oaxacan = OTHER, the alterne out of place 'cleaning up the neighborhood'= displace Mexicans, Mexicans are "dirty" migrant worker could be a traveling business man but it has a class-based connotation farmworker should be everyone on the farm but has class-based connotation
symbolic violence
naturalization, normalization and internalization of inequalities and hierarchies that lead to suffering
hegemony (by Gramsci)
one group or class of people, primarily capital-owning class, coming to control the economic and symbolic means of production
Migrants dichotomized
political--> refugee--> forced economic--> migrant--> voluntary
pragmatic solidarity
practical ways to help struggles of oppressed people ex. English classes for pickers ex. pesticide safety education ex. fairer means of employee hiring
Hybridization
practices of immigrants are simultaneously maintained and transformed through ongoing contact with other people and places
structural competency
recognizing the institutions that shape cultural expression, opportunities, privilege, discrimination & racism
Checkers
responsibilities: check berries, weighing time in and time out anxieties: upsetting supervisors privileges: better than pickers
Supervisors
responsibilities: tell pickers what to do anxieties: not meeting standards of crop manager, pregnant pickers privileges: not much, short bathroom breaks, conversation w coworkers
naturalization
something is considered part of nature --> Triqui are shorter, so they are natural pickers
normalization
something is seen as a norm
statue of San Pedro
symbol of suffering
Direct Political Violence
targeted physical violence and terror administered by official authorities and those opposing them -Bernardo beat by Mexican soldiers funded by US
doxa (mental schemata)
templates, like narratives, how one makes sense of the world and react based on culture and behavior
ethnic-labor hierarchy of civilization
the more indigenous you are the less civilized you are
Assimilation
the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
War of Position
the struggle to gain decisive influence in society over meanings and cultural forms, which in turn affect political and economic structures
Public Gaze
the way the general public sees (the triqui)
segregation on the farm
triqui separated from Mixtec and mestizo their shack is out of sight
liberation medicine
using medicine to get social justice
Structural violence
violence committed by configurations of social inequalities that has injurious effects on bodies similar to the violence of a stabbing or a shooting
Frame
way you perceive something
Subjective
what patient experiences and observes
objective
what physician observes or tests in the body
healthy worker bias
workers, on average, are healthier than the general population