fresh fruit broken bodies

Want

"thats what they want to do" "they don't want to move up" "its better than their situation in mexico"

Driving while Brown

- pay extra attention to any windshield cracks, lights, stickers... - brown bodies are seen as illegal

Administrative assistants

- pink collar job Responsibilities: mail, visitors, phones Anxieties: moods and opinions of bosses, privileges: work indoors

Structure of Tanaka Farm

1. Farm Executives 2. crop managers 3.supervisors 4.checkers 5.pickers also administrative assistants

NAFTA

1. NAFTA erased tariffs between US and Mexico and Canada, goods flow freely 2. NAFTA did not erase subsidies (govt gives $$ that lowers price of a crop) 3. US able to subsidize corn, while Mexico cannot --> Mexican corn more expensive than US corn, less profitable --> migration

Body Position in Labor

1. sitting jobs = linked to the mind 2. standing job = upstanding citizen, standing upright... 3. kneeling/bending = animals

aspects of clinical gaze at work

1. values of observations of doctor and tests > patients experience 2. blaming patient for suffering 3. structural violence victimizing patients and doctors

conjugated oppression

2 parts of a persons identity ex. ethnicity and class work together to produce an oppression experientially and materially different from that produced by either alone - lower class + triqui - Abelino given his traumatic labor position bc of being an undocumented triqui man

embodiment

Holmes wants to collect anthropological data through his body in order to truly understand the Triqui experience --a way of describing porous, visceral, felt, enlivened bodily experiences, in and with inhabited worlds. -experiences of body contribute to field notes - reconnecting the mind and body

Race is embodied

Mary Weismantel says " categories of race are unnecessary without racism" one's race may be altered over time as one's bodily shape, smell whiteness= buying perfumes and smelling good, not dirty

Suerte

Plastic bag w coyote fur and pine sap made by triqui healer

Farm Executives

Responsibilities: decisions, running the farm Anxieties: profit, competition, developers Privileges: control their own breaks, lots of freedom with time, private office

Crop Managers

Responsibilities: details for efficiency -> plowing, planning anxieties: efficiency of labor, machines, weather privileges: flexibility w schedule, private office, outside

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

social reproduction

The process of perpetuating values, norms, and social practices through socialization, which leads to structural continuity over time.

Holmes reflects on feeling out of place in the farm hierarchy ( social class, ethnicity, citizenship)

This is evidence that he's been influenced by postmodern critique

Triqui less Mexican because their language

Triqui is "dialect" ( actually a language) in public gaze and so they're less Mexican bc they don't speak Spanish

clinical gaze

When the doctor views the patient as a disease not as a person objectification of patients as the only thing seen is the problematic body part instead of body/ person as a whole nurses also get dehumanized ex. scrubs cadavers

Sharing food & buying meals for each other while crossing the border

balanced reciprocity

Habitus

bodily comportments, dispositions, tastes, desires, accreted over a lifetime of experiences - changes - how the body is conditioned - affects how ppl treat u bc your habitus is part of your identity and then affects your social relations

rebel body

body offers critiques of social "dis-ease" , resist hierarchy when no other recourse is available

embodiment of being close to the ground

close to the ground, lowest on the hierarchy

Witnessing

conscious resistance to clinical gaze

hierarchies are constructed...so...

constructed hierarchies can be changed

Doctor-Doctor relationship

doctors tend to trust another doctor more than the actual patient

land wars in mexico

global capitalism--> depression in mexico--> competition for land --> poverty--> migration

War of manoeuvre

hegemony by military control

Structure of Tanaka Farm (meaning)

hierarchy on farm reflects hierarchy of real life and thus reinforces it - ppl speak in vertical metaphors: those "above" them overseeing those "at the bottom"

economic mobility and ethnic succession

idea that every migrant suffers this way and that it is normal... in a few generations they will stop suffering

Bad Faith

individuals knowingly deceive themselves in order to avoid acknowledging realities disturbing to them ex. Samantha gave precedence to her own suffering and diminished triqui ongoing suffering

healthy latino paradox

latinos fare ilness better than other groups latino fails to differentiate between Spanish, South American, indigenous, central, etc..

Gendered education

men get more education on the farm and so they get the upper hand because they can learn to speak Spanish

everyday violence

micro-interactions that are expressions of violence

Language contributes to hierarchy

migrant/foreigner/oaxacan = OTHER, the alterne out of place 'cleaning up the neighborhood'= displace Mexicans, Mexicans are "dirty" migrant worker could be a traveling business man but it has a class-based connotation farmworker should be everyone on the farm but has class-based connotation

symbolic violence

naturalization, normalization and internalization of inequalities and hierarchies that lead to suffering

hegemony (by Gramsci)

one group or class of people, primarily capital-owning class, coming to control the economic and symbolic means of production

Migrants dichotomized

political--> refugee--> forced economic--> migrant--> voluntary

pragmatic solidarity

practical ways to help struggles of oppressed people ex. English classes for pickers ex. pesticide safety education ex. fairer means of employee hiring

Hybridization

practices of immigrants are simultaneously maintained and transformed through ongoing contact with other people and places

structural competency

recognizing the institutions that shape cultural expression, opportunities, privilege, discrimination & racism

Checkers

responsibilities: check berries, weighing time in and time out anxieties: upsetting supervisors privileges: better than pickers

Supervisors

responsibilities: tell pickers what to do anxieties: not meeting standards of crop manager, pregnant pickers privileges: not much, short bathroom breaks, conversation w coworkers

naturalization

something is considered part of nature --> Triqui are shorter, so they are natural pickers

normalization

something is seen as a norm

statue of San Pedro

symbol of suffering

Direct Political Violence

targeted physical violence and terror administered by official authorities and those opposing them -Bernardo beat by Mexican soldiers funded by US

doxa (mental schemata)

templates, like narratives, how one makes sense of the world and react based on culture and behavior

ethnic-labor hierarchy of civilization

the more indigenous you are the less civilized you are

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

War of Position

the struggle to gain decisive influence in society over meanings and cultural forms, which in turn affect political and economic structures

Public Gaze

the way the general public sees (the triqui)

segregation on the farm

triqui separated from Mixtec and mestizo their shack is out of sight

liberation medicine

using medicine to get social justice

Structural violence

violence committed by configurations of social inequalities that has injurious effects on bodies similar to the violence of a stabbing or a shooting

Frame

way you perceive something

Subjective

what patient experiences and observes

objective

what physician observes or tests in the body

healthy worker bias

workers, on average, are healthier than the general population