FRQ U4
2023 S1 Q6 - Explain ONE reason ethnonationalism might lead a government to promote pronatalist policies
A government might promote pronatalist policies because when babies are being born, this contributes to the total population of that area which ends up increasing the population in ethnic or culture groups leading to more unified and improved social and cultural relations.
2021 S1 Q6 - Using the data in the table, explain how economies of scale are important to understanding ASEAN's competitiveness with Japan and China.
ASEAN can utilize the resources supplied from the member states such as labor, land, and capital. This will help lower costs and increase production. ASEAN's belief is that if they combine all their countries and use their tools, they can beat Japan and China with teamwork within the alliance.
2021 S1 Q1 - Describe the concept of a supranational organization.
An organization consisting of multiple countries who work in an alliance to help one another with economics, security, education, and politics. Besides ASEAN, another example of this would be the EU. They all work together to aid each country and collaborate with ideas and resources.
2019 S2 Q4 - Describe TWO ways supranationalism has affected the functions of international boundaries in Europe.
Easier access to other EU member countries thanks to the Treaty of the EU. They began dropping passport checks and started reducing customs. This is because the Treaty of the EU laid out areas of cooperation. Traveling inside the countries that are members of the EU should be easy because the Treaty is made to protect peace and build unity. Another way would be the introduction of a monetary union. This is when multiple countries share a common currency. The currency that is used in this organization would be the Euro. The reason for this is that it helps with trade and economic integration. This also means there is no need for currency exchange at internal boundaries.
2019 S2 Q1 - Identify ONE geopolitical event that initiated change in the number of international boundaries in Europe between 1980 and 2013.
Fall / end the communism in Europe.
2022 S1 Q5 - Explain ONE way that the political boundaries shown in Map 1 illustrate a European colonial emphasis on resource extraction
For example, you can see that belgium congo was drawn out to remain central but at the same time it reaches to the coast. This can mean that they can extract resources from ports from other countries or simply just take oceanic resources. Then the boundary expands to the land where the resources obtained can be used.
2022 S1 Q1 - Describe the type of political boundaries shown in Map 1.
Geometric boundaries are shown through generally straight lines.
2021 S1 Q2 - Using the gross domestic product (GDP) data in the table, explain ONE economic benefit to a country that joins ASEAN.
If a country joins ASEAN, the GDP is already impressively high and thanks to the great economy of ASEAN, that member countries standard of living will improve because of the collaboration and helping out with whatever economic struggles are present. This would also boost their GDP because in the chart shown it tells us that the countries GDP's have been boosted 106 percent.
2023 S2 Q6 - Local governments often divide cities into representative electoral districts. Explain how the process of redrawing district boundary lines may affect election results within a city
If lines are drawn out to concentrate a specific party in an area, this is increasing the chances of that party to win/gain more power. This can be unintentional or intentional. When it is done intentionally, this is called Gerrymandering. It is an illegal tactic used to favor a specific party by redrawing lines for voting.
2023 S1 Q2 - Describe how a country may have a negative RNI.
If the amount of deaths in a given year surpass the amount of births. This is usually found in countries on stage 4-5 on the DTM scale. EX: If 5,000 people were born this year, and 10,000 died, the subtraction would equal to -5,000 which is negative. This represents the RNI.
2023 S1 Q5 - Explain why there are often differences in doubling times between less developed countries and more developed countries.
In LDCs, population growth rates are more prone to be higher due to the conditions within these countries. These countries face high infant deaths, a more agricultural based environment and workforce, and a lack of education on family planning. All of these factors will speed up the time it takes for a population to grow. In MDCs, these problems are developed or advanced so they don't have to worry about reproducing because there would barley be a need.
2023 S1 Q4 - Explain ONE reason why RNI in urban areas may vary significantly from RNI in rural areas in the same country.
In urban areas, the price of living is really high, so supplying for a larger family would not be ideal in that location, therefore presenting a lower RNI. RNI in rural areas costs lower than living in urban areas, so that is why it is found for families to have a couple children.
2021 S1 Q3 - Using the ten-year GDP growth data in the table, explain ONE way that membership in ASEAN will affect the quality of life for citizens in member states.
It will obviously increase the amount of money the state has so it will encourage the government to put more economic effort into the state in regards to the citizens such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The bonus finances contribute to the well being of the citizens and it won't hurt the state. For example, as GDP rises, this can fund more schools which will help kids receive a better education
2022 S1 Q2 - Describe ONE way that the European colonial boundaries shown in Map 1 differ from the African cultural boundaries shown in Map 2.
Map 1 is superimposed meaning that it doesn't take the cultural traits of the land into account when creating boundaries but it can be considered a colonial boundary. Map two focuses on cultural characteristics which means that it includes consequent or subsequent boundaries. Both of those boundaries are meant to take culture, religion, and language into account.
2021 S1 Q4 - Explain ONE political advantage for countries that join a supranational organization, and explain ONE political disadvantage for countries that belong to supranational organizations.
Political advantage: Increases military and political strength that comes from outside of the organization. For example, if Lebanon began to use violence in Israel, Israel is a part of the UN so the USA and many other countries apart of that organization would defend them and strike back in return. Disadvantage: Countries with economic issues would spread those problems on to other countries requiring lots of money from them leading to a financial crisis. For example, Greece has a really bad economy and the EU has been helping them out for a while, but it has reduced financial independence to the helping states and it hurts their economy.
2023 S1 Q1 - Define the concept of RNI
RNI is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. RNI is the increase or decrease in the human population
2023 S1 Q3 - Compare ONE difference between RNI and the total fertility rate as indicators of population change.
RNI talks about the measurement of BOTH the crude birth and death rates, while TFR does not mention any death rates, but the average amount of children a woman has in her childbearing years.
2019 S2 Q3 - Explain how nationalism can create new international boundaries. Describe an example from the maps shown.
Regional cultural patterns such as language, religion, and ethnic similarities. When a group finds themselves to be more attached to these factors than another part of their region, they chose to form their own nation and build boundaries. An example from the map would be Yugoslavia. It featured multiple ethnicities and cultures and decided it wanted to go independent and seek individualism from one another.
2023 S2 Q5 - During the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, some people in Scotland proposed independence from the United Kingdom. Explain ONE possible reason why territoriality would play a role in the devolution of a state
Scots believe that the trading agreements that are established in the EU can improve Scotland's economy. All of the members of the EU are supposed to form alliances and help each other out when a country is in need of something, so Scotland can prosper and develop more efficiently than however it may be if being held under UK rule.
2022 S1 Q7 - Explain a possible limitation of using Map 2 to understand the geography of religion in present-day Africa.
Since map 2 only shows West Africa, not all of the information is shown to accurately determine religious geography in Africa. Half of the statistics are missing due to this scale. Not to mention that religion can very much vary in other sectors of Africa so the map is not resourceful when trying to understand this
2023 S2 Q2 - Describe the concept of sovereignty as it relates to the state
Sovereign states can enact laws and policies. For example, they can determine the extent and limits and how to manage natural resources (such as oil) and establish how to function within that system.
2023 S2 Q1 - Define the concept of territoriality in terms of political geography
Territoriality is the desire of ownership for a land they defend OR process of when a land (land or ocean) is established by an authority or jurisdiction. Territoriality is developed by historical factors that have a relationship to the specific land.
2023 S2 Q4 - Recently, the United Kingdom decided to withdraw from the European Union. Explain ONE possible reason why sovereignty would play a role in the United Kingdom's decision to withdraw from the European Union.
The UK government officials realized that they have given up alot of sovereignty due to supranationalism by being in the EU. For example, Greece is apart of the EU, but is undergoing many economic challenges. UK has to begun to help Greece out by giving lots of economic advantages taken out from the country itself. Taking the UK out of the EU develops economic independence.
2023 S2 Q7 - Explain why neighboring local governments may face challenges in providing transportation services to residents of a rapidly growing metropolitan area.
They may face challenges if the local governments are dispersed and independent from one another. When they are independent they most likely do not seek cooperation projects especially if the funds are an issue because then they would have to compete with each other to receive the resources necessary from the state.
2022 S1 Q6 - Explain the degree to which colonization affected the languages spoken in present-day Africa.
To a high degree, Arabic affected the languages spoken in present day Africa. When Arab colonizers settled, they introduced their language to the people located in Africa. It spread eventually all over and now it has become the first languages of some of the states there. EX: Egypt, Libya, Morocco and many others.
2023 S1 Q7 - Explain the degree to which a unitary government may be more effective than a federal government in enforcing antinatalist policies.
To a high degree, a unitary government is more effective than a federal government in enforcing antinatalist policies because unitary governments are very centralized and don't need inputs from all the local governments. They can set laws and policies about antinatalism in place and ensure violations and penalties when the law is broken which most federal states cannot do that simple. It can be seen to be a different outlook about anti-natalist policies in every state, so having one focused government that gets straight to the point would be most effective also due to the simplicity. Example: China undergoes an unity government and implemented their one child policy laws
2023 S2 Q3 - Compare ONE difference in territorial organization between the governments of unitary states and the governments of federal states.
Unitary states are very centralized and homogenous. They make very general decisions and they come together as a very compact ruling. Federal states are spread out, different, and diverse. They give power to local states therefore making each ruling specific and unique to each region.
2022 S1 Q4 - Describe ONE way that European colonization of Africa reflected the concept of ethnocentrism.
When Europe colonized Africa, they adapted ideas that disregarded the importance of African ideologies since they didn't want to accept them and it created the impression that European characteristics were much more superior so they dominated Africa with their beliefs, cultures, languages, and ways of living. Ethnocentrism spread racial prejudice and unfair treatment to citizens in Africa.
2019 S2 Q2 - Explain how nationalism can eliminate an international boundary. Describe an example from the maps shown.
When irredentism comes in to play and unites the divided people into a single state especially when cultural identity is shared. As you can see in both maps, a boundary has been dropped in Germany and that was because of the desire from the people of reunification during the Cold War and they eventually brought down the Berlin wall which separated East and West Germany
2022 S1 Q3 - Explain ONE political outcome for present-day Africans as a result of the European colonial boundaries.
When the colonial boundaries were settled, it divided culture groups resulting in smaller groups. This led to weakened cohesion over time and a smaller impact on its area. The boundary would serve as a centrifugal force and could diminish the culture group as a whole because of the factors.
2021 S1 Q5 - Define the concept of economy of scale.
When you increase the production of an item and decrease the production cost. They reduce the production cost so the rest of the costs going into the project get dispersed to other factors such as manufacturing equipment and research.