Fs 161 final study guide
Crime scene investigation is defined as *NOTE: Response choice, "All of the above," includes all options except for "None of the above." - All of the above. - a series of activities that follow a forensic process, beginning with detailed identification and examination of the scene where a crime was committed. - the detection, recognition, collection, and interpretation of evidence/exhibits in order to depict the events of a crime. - the use of scientific methods to determine the facts about a crime to aid with legal proceedings. - None of the above.
- All of the above.
What are exigent circumstances? - Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence - Ones not considered - The need to search a suspect's home before s/he returns - What your partner tells you they are - None of the above
- Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence
Evidence that is obtained using the scientific method and presented in court; it requires validation. - Forensic evidence - Circumstantial evidence - Physical evidence - Testimonial evidence - None of the above
- Forensic evidence
This individual is deemed the "Father of the Scientific Method." - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Nicolaus Copernicus - Johannes Kepler - Voltaire
- Francis Bacon
The name of the German scientist responsible for developing the three laws of planetary motion in 1609 after receiving Brahe's work is - Johannes Kepler - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Nicolaus Copernicus - Voltaire
- Johannes Kepler ( RIGHT ANSWER)
The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution were responsible for the introduction of ideas such as a heliocentric solar system and laws of planetary motion. The scientist responsible for the former theory was theory is known as - Nicolaus Copernicus - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Johannes Kepler - Voltaire - None of the above
- Nicolaus Copernicus
Direct eye-witness accounts/statements about events of a crime are known as Testimonial evidence - Circumstantial evidence - Forensic evidence - Physical evidence - None of the above
- Testimonial evidence
Which of the following statements is false? -Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified. -Class characteristic evidence can be placed into a particular category. -Individual characteristics are unique to a particular object. -A questioned sample is sometimes referred to as a unknown sample. -None of the above
-Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified.
What does anthropocentric mean? -Human-centered -Living humanely -Searching for truth -Circling the Divine -All of the above
-Human-centered
Crime Scene Investigators (CSI), typically walk the scene of a crime searching for useful evidence. Which of the following is NOT a form of evidence they handle?-None of the above Fingerprints -Hairs or fibers -Tissue -Bodily fluid
-None of the above
The scale allows for a 1:___ ratio reproduction of the photograph. 1 2 3 4 None of the abov
1
With anthropometry, measurements could be taken from individuals over the age of ____. 20 18 15 25
20
"CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" first aired on television on the CBS network in _____________.
2000
In DNA, each nucleus holds how many pairs of chromosomes? 23 36 2 46 None of the above
23
How many zones of possibilities are there? 3 4 1 6 5
3 zone
Any cast of ____________ feet or less should be cast in its entirety. 4 feet 10 feet 6 feet 8 feet 2 feet
4ft
Fingerprint processing methods are divided into how many sub-classifications? 4 5 1 2 3
5
How many classes of drugs are there? 5 2 4 3 6
5
Which is not a type of forensic personnel? All of the above District attorney Engineers Physicians Prison Warden
?
Blood type A has... A antigens O antigens B antigens AB antigens None of the above
A Antigen
ALS will help visualize... All of the above Fluids Biological matter Bite marks None of the above
ALL of the above
A DNA profile can be generated from... all of the above hair blood bone saliva
All of the above
A close examination of a toolmark may reveal... all of the above blade width color type of tool class characteristics
All of the above
Biological evidence should be... all of the above packaged in paper air dried properly labeled none of the above
All of the above
What are the three different perspectives in a crime scene sketch? All of the above Bird's- eye view Elevation or side view Cross-sectional view None of the above
All of the above
What does smooth skin contain? All of the above Hair Sebaceous glands Sweat glands None of the above
All of the above
What should the identification of a firearm include? All of the above Model Number of shots Caliber Serial numbers
All of the above
Which reason is why evidence is overlooked? All of the above Not aggressively searching for it Incomplete searches Weather destroyed it Lack of training
All of the above
Which test is a color test for drugs? All of the above Duquenois-Levine Marquis test Van Urk None of the above
All of the above
Which type of firearm do crime scene personnel normally come in contact with? All of the above Handguns Rifles Shotguns None of the above
All of the above
Which is not a type of impression evidence? All of the above are types of impression evidence Toolmark Footwear Tire marks Plastic fingerprint
All of the above are types of impression evidence
Which of the following statements are true about searches? Searches MUST be: All the above In accordance with the law Follow scientific principles Done systematically Done thoroughly and completely
All the above
Which one is not a type of print which may be found at a crime scene? All the above may be found at a crime scene Patent Latent Plastic None of the above
All the above may be found at a crime scene
---- ______ involves creating a barrier between the personnel and their surroundings to ensure that no contamination exists.
Barrier protection
Which type of mapping is the most accurate? Triangulation Rectangular coordinate Baseline Polar None of the above
Baseline
The case of Miranda v. Arizona held that a suspect must: -Be made aware of their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. -Be provided a court-appointed attorney. -Not be questioned while in custody. -Be questioned only in the presence of an attorney. -None of the above.
Be made aware their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.
A minutia point that splits into two ridges is called... Bifurcation Ridge ending Dots Core Double bifurcation
Bifurcation
A final sketch should include: All of the above Legend Case information Scale Legend and scale only
Case Number
_______________ vouches that the individual CSI has successfully undergone training and has passed the course/examination. In other words, s/he's competent and qualified to conduct a crime scene investigation on her or his own.
Certification
CSIs should attempt to form a _______________ of events before recovering any physical evidence.
Chronology
Evidence that requires an inference to be made in order to link the item to a concluding fact. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above
Circumstantial evidence
____________ photos require to be taken with and without a scale. Close up Mid-range Overall All photos None of the above
Close up
Involves demonstrating that an object is unique, even among members of the same class, or that two separate objects were at one time a single object, meaning that they had a common source or origin. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction
Comparison
The "C" in ACE-V stands for... Comparison Contrast Collect Critique None of the above
Comparison
The criminal investigation typically involves the application of the scientific method to the analysis of a(n): Crime scene Criminal Possible crime Unsolved case None of the above
Crime scene
________ _______and ____________ ________are examples of Bachelor's degrees that a CSI would require.
Criminal Justice and Forensic scinece
____ ______ is the unintended movement or transfer of material between two objects.
Cross contamination
Drawing conclusions based on premises that are certain (known to be true) is called _______________ reasoning.
Deductive
When casting footwear impressions, use ____________. Dental stone Mikrosil DUROCAST All of the above None of the above
Dental stone
Evidence that has been transferred from one source to another with no intermediaries is evidence that has undergone _______________ transfer.
Direct
The _______________ to the warrant requirement only justifies entry to the premises without probable cause or a warrant. Emergency exception Emergency exclusion Exigent circumstances Exigent exclusion None of the above
Emergency exception
The ____________ is responsible for protecting the integrity of evidence, ensuring that it stands the rigors of court. Evidence Officer Note-taker Photographer Sketcher Evidence Collector
Evidence officer
The __________is a series of myths perpetuated by the media and popular culture, which reinforces the notion that the FBI sets the gold standard for all manner of criminal investigation and forensic analysis.
FBI Effect
A line search is implemented when very few personnel are available. True False
False
A nurse cannot be a type of forensic personnel. True False
False
Cross contamination is the intended movement or transfer of material between two objects. True False
False
Each article of evidence, so long as they are the same type of evidence, can be packaged and sealed in the same container. True False
False
Even though a suspect may give consent to a search, a warrant is still needed. True False
False
Evidence is the same as a fact. True False
False
Luminol is a confirmatory test. True False
False
One of the roles of CSIs is to perform laboratory analyses on the evidence they collect at crime scenes. True False
False
Phenolphthalein is considered one of the most reliable tests for semen. True False
False
Physical evidence is either categorized as class and individual evidence, but not both. True False
False
Probative evidence is not admissible because it is unlikely to have any impact on a trial. True False
False
The FBI Crime Lab sets international standards for scientific practices and evidence examination. True False
False
The FBI sets the gold-standard for all criminal investigations. T or F
False
The TV series, "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation," was originally deemed scientifically inaccurate. T or F
False
UV rays are considered non-threatening. True False
False
You will use a rough sketch in court. T OR F
False
The 5 manners of death are natural, accidental, homicide, suicide, and determined. True False
Flase
Which one is not a common pathogen? Flu HIV TB Hepatitis AIDS
Flue
Which amendment provides for "due process" under the law? Fourteenth Fourth Fifth Sixth Eighth
Fourteen
DNA packets should be... Frozen Held at room temperature Heated Left unsealed Placed in a secondary package that contains all biological evidence collected from the crime scene
Frozen
The idea that evidence can be tainted derivatively falls under the ________________. Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine Emergency exception rule Exigent circumstances rule Curtilage rule None of the above
Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine
The ______theory is where the ________ is placed at the center of the universe, and the ________and ________are depicted as revolving around it
Helicentric , sun, earth and , plant
Caliber is usually expressed in ____________ of an inch or millimeter. hundredths thousandths ten thousandths one tenths None of the above
Hundredths
In order to develop a theory, one must first develop a _______________ which must be tested in order to identify factors that influence a particular phenomenon or outcome. Hypothesis Analysis Observation Taxonomy Theory
Hypothesis
_______________ reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on probabilities, rather than certainties.
Inductive
_____________ is the study relating to the transition of chemical energy to kinetic energy within the barrel of a firearm and the motion of the projectile(s) as it moves through the barrel. Interior ballistics Transitional ballistics Terminal ballistics Exterior ballistics None of the above
Interior ballistics
_______________ of the physical evidence examined simply means giving meaning to the evidence gathered from a crime scene. Interpretation Comparison Preservation Recognition Reconstruction
Interpretation
A ____________ is a note of explanation, outside of the sketch area, which relates to specific item, symbol, or information contained within the graphical representation of a sketch
Legen
Sometimes mapping is referred to as ______________.
Measuring
A 3D footwear impression is formed on/in... mud tile concrete wood none of the above
Mud
_____________are brief, often in a bullet point format, documentation of efforts, observations, and actions.
NOtes
Which technique is not used to visualize GSR? Ninhydrin Griess Test Maiti Test Alternative light source All of the above
Ninhydrin
A search warrant must be based on: Probable cause Reasonable suspicion Proof beyond a reasonable doubt All of the above None of the above
None of the above
Which information should be found in a photo log? All of the above Photo equipment used Shutter speed ISO None of the above
None of the above
A victim of a sexual assault should... Not change clothes Shower Wait a couple days to report the incident All of the above None of the above
Not change clothes
A final sketch will... not show measurements. not be used in court. be done in pencil. not have a legend. contain a placard.
Not show measurment
The process of _________ includes the application of microscopes, spectrometers, chromatographs, audio recorders, and cameras, to mention just a few. Observation Analysis Hypothesis Taxonomy Theory
Observation
The first photographs taken at a crime scene are Overall photos Close up photos Midrange photos Distant photos All of the above
Overall photos
The first photographs taken at a crime scene are ____________. Overall photos Close up photos Midrange photos Distant photos All of the above
Overall photos
What does PPE stand for? Personal protective equipment Personal protective examination Protective personal equipment Protective personnel equipment None of the above
Personal protective equipment
Tangible evidence that can be forensically evaluated. Physical evidence Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above
Physical evidence
Most CSIs are _______ _______
Police officers
What is the most common physical method of processing fingerprints? Powder dusting Cyanoacrylate fuming ALS Ninhydrin Small particle reagent
Powder dusting
________ ________can best be defined as the minimum amount of information a reasonable person would need to believe that an item is where it is purported to be.
Prbable cause
Which one is a confirmatory test? Precipitin test Bluestar Hemastix LCV Precipitin test and LCV
Precipitin test
Once evidence has been identified the next step is _______________, whereby evidence is carefully collected and properly packaged. Preservation Comparison Interpretation Recognition Reconstruction
Preservation
The______ of _______states that one should seek the simplest explanation for the phenomenon being examined
Principle of parsimony
_______________ data are physical relics left behind by past criminal activity.
Proxy
When using ninhydrin, a ____ color appears. bluish-purple off-white ruddy yellow green
Purple
Determining which evidence is important and which is not. Recognition Comparison Interpretation Preservation Reconstruction
Recognition
The physical evidence left at the scene of a crime may be used to establish some of the events that occurred before, during, or immediately after the crime. This process is complex and involves the use of inductive and deductive reasoning, pattern analysis, probability and statistics to analyze the data. Reconstruction Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition
Reconstruction
____________ can either be fill-in-the-blank forms that are utilized to record pertinent information, or they can be narratives.
Reports
______ sketches are produced on scene.
Rough
Forensic evidence is obtained using the _______ _________
Scientific method
The principles of forensic science are based upon _______ ______
Scientific principle
Footwear identification had its first recorded application in... Scotland Chicago France New York California
Scotland
The most common example of a smoothbore firearm is a... shotgun semi-automatic pistol rifle None of the above
Shotegun
_______________ provides measurements of a crime scene. Sketches Note-taking Photography Videography All of the above
Sketch
What is the largest organ of the body? Skin Heart Liver Kidneys Large intestine
Skin
The local/traditional model occurs most often in... smaller agencies. agencies with a lot of money. large agencies. agencies that have a high crime rate. all of the above.
Small agencies
The bouncing of wavelengths off of an interface is known as_______________. Reflection Diffuse reflection Fluorescence Phosphorescence Specular reflection
Specular reflection
The base "A" always pairs with... T C A G None of the above
T
A _______________ is a list of identifiable characteristics. Taxonomy Analysis Hypothesis Observation Theory
Taxonomy
Physical evidence left behind at a crime scene DOES NOT determine which of the following information? The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene Type of crime committed Sequence of events Size of the scene None of the above
The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene
A _______________ is an accumulation of data that are combined and analyzed in order to explain and predict the very phenomenon it attempts to make sense of. Theory Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy
Theory
Which is often forgotten or overlooked at a crime scene? Tire tracks Toolmarks Shoe prints Ligature/bindings None of the above
Tire tracks
A police officer may detain a citizen if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the citizen has committed or is about to commit a crime. True False
True
A warrant can be invalidated if the improper address is listed. True False
True
All ligatures or binding impressions should be photographed. True False
True
Although much of the testing falls to scientists, it is the responsibility of the criminal investigator to preserve physical evidence and to exercise good judgment in applying the scientific method to the investigative process. True False
True
Biological fluids are one of the greatest hazards to personnel. True False
True
CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System. True False
True
Consent searches are voluntary on the citizen's part. True False
True
Crime scene personnel can be exposed to a far greater risk of infection by a pathogen. True False
True
DNA has a double helix structure. True False
True
Fingerprints are amongst the oldest and most probative types of forensic evidence. True False
True
Identical twins have the same DNA. True False
True
In any scientific experiment, specification of what exactly is going to be done and how it is to be done is important. True False
True
In contrast to the US, the UK has embraced basic scientific philosophy when evaluating forensic evidence. They have created legislation that states that a trial judge has the power to admit or refuse expert evidence based on a hypothesis that has not been subjected to, or that's failed to stand up to rigorous testing. True False
True
It is important not to over-dust because the print may be wiped away. True False
True
Officers legitimately on a property for reasons other than to conduct a search, arrest, or for urgent matters have permission to collect contraband without needing a warrant if it is possible that the evidence will not be there later. This is known as the plain-view rule. True False
True
SICAR stands for Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval. True False
True
SPR can be used on wet/dry/greasy surfaces. True False
True
The FBI receive the same training as other law enforcement agents. True False
True
The Will West case showed that anthropometric measurements were unreliable
True
The arm's-reach concept includes everything in the compartment of a car, excluding smaller, individually locked compartments like the glove box and trunk. True False
True
Volar skin only contains sweat glands True or false
True
What happens at the crime scene once an officer enters has potential to affect every aspect of the case from that moment onwards and can even render the case unable to be investigated or prosecuted. True False
True
When testing hypotheses, only one variable should be examined or changed at a time. True False
True
You should always protect the eyes, nose and mouth. True False
True
You should always use a photo placard. True False
True
_______________ provides a virtual image of the crime scene. Videography Note-taking Photography Sketches All of the above
Videograph
_______________ is the preliminary court process where FBI agents and forensic investigators must disclose their qualifications and any training received in their line of work to be deemed a competent expert witness.
Voir dire
_______________'s book is known as the first modern document demonstrating the forensic mindset. - Voltaire - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Nicolaus Copernicus - Johannes Kepler
Voltaire
Close up photographs should be taken ________ and _______ a scale.
With and without
The Fourth Amendment states that all search and seizures are unconstitutional if conducted: Without a warrant Without probable cause With reasonable cause Without consent None of the above
Without a warrant
Which search is usually used in an area that is already broken up? Zone search Circle search Lane search Line search Link search
Zone search
What are some class characteristics of bullets? All of the above Caliber Direction of twist Number of lands and grooves Width of lands and grooves
all of the above
What should be found in a sexual assault kit? All of the above Clothing Vaginal swabs Combings Pubic hair standards
all of the above
Detectives are responsible for... conducting overall investigative efforts. collecting evidence. photographing evidence. taking care of the victim. none of the above.
conducting overall investigative efforts.
The Christmas tree strain is a(n) .... confirmatory test inconclusive test presumptive test exclusion test All of the above
confirmatory test
The science dealing with the detection of crime and the apprehension of criminals is known as _______________.
criminalistics
Which type of drug induces sleep, relieves stress, and allays anxiety? Depressant Inhalants Cannabis Stimulant Hallucinogens
depressant
A line search is implemented when very few personnel are available.
false
Confirmatory tests for semen can be done at the scene. True False
false
Ninhydrin is induced to fume and interact with the latent fingerprint residue, giving off an off-white impression. f or t
false
Nuclear DNA is inherited solely from the mother. True False
false
Take each photograph with the scale first. t or f
false
The druggist's fold is also known as the protectant fold. True False
false
The gauge is responsible for ejecting the spent shell casing after it's been fired. True False
false
Latent prints are easily identifiable as fingerprints by the unassisted eye. True False
fasle
The ______________ is the component that strikes the base of the cartridge and causes the initial incendiary event leading to expulsion of the bullet from the barrel. firing pin ejector breech lock extractor bore
firing pin
______ _______ are exposed with a wide-angle lens or in such a fashion that allows the viewer to see a large area in the scene at eye level.
overall photographs
Which is the preferred packaging? - Paper - Air-tight containers - Plastic - All of the above are preferred ways to package evidence - None of the above are preferred ways to package evidence
paper
Evidence, such a shirt containing wet biological fluid should ordinarily be packaged in a Paper bag Plastic bag Plastic contained with a lid Paint canister Extendable tube
paper bag
A handwritten or agency-developed sheet that lists pertinent case information for the photos to follow is a ______ _____
photo placard
Which is a performance-enhancing drug? Steroids Depressants Inhalants Narcotics Hallucinogens
steroids
Which class of drug reverses the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical tasks? Stimulants Depressants Narcotics Hallucinogens None of the above
stimulants
In rectangular coordinate mapping... -there are two baselines instead of one. -there are two fixed points. - measurements are taken from the baseline to the identified item. -measurements are taken to center mass. -measurements are taken from four points.
there are two baselines instead of one.
A shotgun is a firearm that, as with a rifle, is designed to be held in two hands and be fired from the shoulder. True False
true
Close up photographs allow the viewer to see all evident detail on the item of evidence. True False
true
Notes provide basic information for the formal report. True False
true
Sir Alec Jeffrey made the discovery of DNA fingerprinting. True False
true
The environment can affect a search method. True False
true
The mid-range photo is the most overlooked photo in crime scene work. True False
true
The team model is the most effective model. True False
true
A preliminary scene survey is a . _______ . ______
walk through
When searching for trace evidence using white light (normal flashlight), one should hold the flashlight at a(n) _______________ angle. ≤45° 90° 120° 180° ≤360°
≤45°