Fs 161 final study guide

Crime scene investigation is defined as *NOTE: Response choice, "All of the above," includes all options except for "None of the above." - All of the above. - a series of activities that follow a forensic process, beginning with detailed identification and examination of the scene where a crime was committed. - the detection, recognition, collection, and interpretation of evidence/exhibits in order to depict the events of a crime. - the use of scientific methods to determine the facts about a crime to aid with legal proceedings. - None of the above.

- All of the above.

What are exigent circumstances? - Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence - Ones not considered - The need to search a suspect's home before s/he returns - What your partner tells you they are - None of the above

- Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence

Evidence that is obtained using the scientific method and presented in court; it requires validation. - Forensic evidence - Circumstantial evidence - Physical evidence - Testimonial evidence - None of the above

- Forensic evidence

This individual is deemed the "Father of the Scientific Method." - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Nicolaus Copernicus - Johannes Kepler - Voltaire

- Francis Bacon

The name of the German scientist responsible for developing the three laws of planetary motion in 1609 after receiving Brahe's work is - Johannes Kepler - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Nicolaus Copernicus - Voltaire

- Johannes Kepler ( RIGHT ANSWER)

The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution were responsible for the introduction of ideas such as a heliocentric solar system and laws of planetary motion. The scientist responsible for the former theory was theory is known as - Nicolaus Copernicus - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Johannes Kepler - Voltaire - None of the above

- Nicolaus Copernicus

Direct eye-witness accounts/statements about events of a crime are known as Testimonial evidence - Circumstantial evidence - Forensic evidence - Physical evidence - None of the above

- Testimonial evidence

Which of the following statements is false? -Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified. -Class characteristic evidence can be placed into a particular category. -Individual characteristics are unique to a particular object. -A questioned sample is sometimes referred to as a unknown sample. -None of the above

-Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified.

What does anthropocentric mean? -Human-centered -Living humanely -Searching for truth -Circling the Divine -All of the above

-Human-centered

Crime Scene Investigators (CSI), typically walk the scene of a crime searching for useful evidence. Which of the following is NOT a form of evidence they handle?-None of the above Fingerprints -Hairs or fibers -Tissue -Bodily fluid

-None of the above

The scale allows for a 1:___ ratio reproduction of the photograph. 1 2 3 4 None of the abov

1

With anthropometry, measurements could be taken from individuals over the age of ____. 20 18 15 25

20

"CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" first aired on television on the CBS network in _____________.

2000

In DNA, each nucleus holds how many pairs of chromosomes? 23 36 2 46 None of the above

23

How many zones of possibilities are there? 3 4 1 6 5

3 zone

Any cast of ____________ feet or less should be cast in its entirety. 4 feet 10 feet 6 feet 8 feet 2 feet

4ft

Fingerprint processing methods are divided into how many sub-classifications? 4 5 1 2 3

5

How many classes of drugs are there? 5 2 4 3 6

5

Which is not a type of forensic personnel? All of the above District attorney Engineers Physicians Prison Warden

?

Blood type A has... A antigens O antigens B antigens AB antigens None of the above

A Antigen

ALS will help visualize... All of the above Fluids Biological matter Bite marks None of the above

ALL of the above

A DNA profile can be generated from... all of the above hair blood bone saliva

All of the above

A close examination of a toolmark may reveal... all of the above blade width color type of tool class characteristics

All of the above

Biological evidence should be... all of the above packaged in paper air dried properly labeled none of the above

All of the above

What are the three different perspectives in a crime scene sketch? All of the above Bird's- eye view Elevation or side view Cross-sectional view None of the above

All of the above

What does smooth skin contain? All of the above Hair Sebaceous glands Sweat glands None of the above

All of the above

What should the identification of a firearm include? All of the above Model Number of shots Caliber Serial numbers

All of the above

Which reason is why evidence is overlooked? All of the above Not aggressively searching for it Incomplete searches Weather destroyed it Lack of training

All of the above

Which test is a color test for drugs? All of the above Duquenois-Levine Marquis test Van Urk None of the above

All of the above

Which type of firearm do crime scene personnel normally come in contact with? All of the above Handguns Rifles Shotguns None of the above

All of the above

Which is not a type of impression evidence? All of the above are types of impression evidence Toolmark Footwear Tire marks Plastic fingerprint

All of the above are types of impression evidence

Which of the following statements are true about searches? Searches MUST be: All the above In accordance with the law Follow scientific principles Done systematically Done thoroughly and completely

All the above

Which one is not a type of print which may be found at a crime scene? All the above may be found at a crime scene Patent Latent Plastic None of the above

All the above may be found at a crime scene

---- ______ involves creating a barrier between the personnel and their surroundings to ensure that no contamination exists.

Barrier protection

Which type of mapping is the most accurate? Triangulation Rectangular coordinate Baseline Polar None of the above

Baseline

The case of Miranda v. Arizona held that a suspect must: -Be made aware of their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. -Be provided a court-appointed attorney. -Not be questioned while in custody. -Be questioned only in the presence of an attorney. -None of the above.

Be made aware their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.

A minutia point that splits into two ridges is called... Bifurcation Ridge ending Dots Core Double bifurcation

Bifurcation

A final sketch should include: All of the above Legend Case information Scale Legend and scale only

Case Number

_______________ vouches that the individual CSI has successfully undergone training and has passed the course/examination. In other words, s/he's competent and qualified to conduct a crime scene investigation on her or his own.

Certification

CSIs should attempt to form a _______________ of events before recovering any physical evidence.

Chronology

Evidence that requires an inference to be made in order to link the item to a concluding fact. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above

Circumstantial evidence

____________ photos require to be taken with and without a scale. Close up Mid-range Overall All photos None of the above

Close up

Involves demonstrating that an object is unique, even among members of the same class, or that two separate objects were at one time a single object, meaning that they had a common source or origin. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction

Comparison

The "C" in ACE-V stands for... Comparison Contrast Collect Critique None of the above

Comparison

The criminal investigation typically involves the application of the scientific method to the analysis of a(n): Crime scene Criminal Possible crime Unsolved case None of the above

Crime scene

________ _______and ____________ ________are examples of Bachelor's degrees that a CSI would require.

Criminal Justice and Forensic scinece

____ ______ is the unintended movement or transfer of material between two objects.

Cross contamination

Drawing conclusions based on premises that are certain (known to be true) is called _______________ reasoning.

Deductive

When casting footwear impressions, use ____________. Dental stone Mikrosil DUROCAST All of the above None of the above

Dental stone

Evidence that has been transferred from one source to another with no intermediaries is evidence that has undergone _______________ transfer.

Direct

The _______________ to the warrant requirement only justifies entry to the premises without probable cause or a warrant. Emergency exception Emergency exclusion Exigent circumstances Exigent exclusion None of the above

Emergency exception

The ____________ is responsible for protecting the integrity of evidence, ensuring that it stands the rigors of court. Evidence Officer Note-taker Photographer Sketcher Evidence Collector

Evidence officer

The __________is a series of myths perpetuated by the media and popular culture, which reinforces the notion that the FBI sets the gold standard for all manner of criminal investigation and forensic analysis.

FBI Effect

A line search is implemented when very few personnel are available. True False

False

A nurse cannot be a type of forensic personnel. True False

False

Cross contamination is the intended movement or transfer of material between two objects. True False

False

Each article of evidence, so long as they are the same type of evidence, can be packaged and sealed in the same container. True False

False

Even though a suspect may give consent to a search, a warrant is still needed. True False

False

Evidence is the same as a fact. True False

False

Luminol is a confirmatory test. True False

False

One of the roles of CSIs is to perform laboratory analyses on the evidence they collect at crime scenes. True False

False

Phenolphthalein is considered one of the most reliable tests for semen. True False

False

Physical evidence is either categorized as class and individual evidence, but not both. True False

False

Probative evidence is not admissible because it is unlikely to have any impact on a trial. True False

False

The FBI Crime Lab sets international standards for scientific practices and evidence examination. True False

False

The FBI sets the gold-standard for all criminal investigations. T or F

False

The TV series, "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation," was originally deemed scientifically inaccurate. T or F

False

UV rays are considered non-threatening. True False

False

You will use a rough sketch in court. T OR F

False

The 5 manners of death are natural, accidental, homicide, suicide, and determined. True False

Flase

Which one is not a common pathogen? Flu HIV TB Hepatitis AIDS

Flue

Which amendment provides for "due process" under the law? Fourteenth Fourth Fifth Sixth Eighth

Fourteen

DNA packets should be... Frozen Held at room temperature Heated Left unsealed Placed in a secondary package that contains all biological evidence collected from the crime scene

Frozen

The idea that evidence can be tainted derivatively falls under the ________________. Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine Emergency exception rule Exigent circumstances rule Curtilage rule None of the above

Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine

The ______theory is where the ________ is placed at the center of the universe, and the ________and ________are depicted as revolving around it

Helicentric , sun, earth and , plant

Caliber is usually expressed in ____________ of an inch or millimeter. hundredths thousandths ten thousandths one tenths None of the above

Hundredths

In order to develop a theory, one must first develop a _______________ which must be tested in order to identify factors that influence a particular phenomenon or outcome. Hypothesis Analysis Observation Taxonomy Theory

Hypothesis

_______________ reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on probabilities, rather than certainties.

Inductive

_____________ is the study relating to the transition of chemical energy to kinetic energy within the barrel of a firearm and the motion of the projectile(s) as it moves through the barrel. Interior ballistics Transitional ballistics Terminal ballistics Exterior ballistics None of the above

Interior ballistics

_______________ of the physical evidence examined simply means giving meaning to the evidence gathered from a crime scene. Interpretation Comparison Preservation Recognition Reconstruction

Interpretation

A ____________ is a note of explanation, outside of the sketch area, which relates to specific item, symbol, or information contained within the graphical representation of a sketch

Legen

Sometimes mapping is referred to as ______________.

Measuring

A 3D footwear impression is formed on/in... mud tile concrete wood none of the above

Mud

_____________are brief, often in a bullet point format, documentation of efforts, observations, and actions.

NOtes

Which technique is not used to visualize GSR? Ninhydrin Griess Test Maiti Test Alternative light source All of the above

Ninhydrin

A search warrant must be based on: Probable cause Reasonable suspicion Proof beyond a reasonable doubt All of the above None of the above

None of the above

Which information should be found in a photo log? All of the above Photo equipment used Shutter speed ISO None of the above

None of the above

A victim of a sexual assault should... Not change clothes Shower Wait a couple days to report the incident All of the above None of the above

Not change clothes

A final sketch will... not show measurements. not be used in court. be done in pencil. not have a legend. contain a placard.

Not show measurment

The process of _________ includes the application of microscopes, spectrometers, chromatographs, audio recorders, and cameras, to mention just a few. Observation Analysis Hypothesis Taxonomy Theory

Observation

The first photographs taken at a crime scene are Overall photos Close up photos Midrange photos Distant photos All of the above

Overall photos

The first photographs taken at a crime scene are ____________. Overall photos Close up photos Midrange photos Distant photos All of the above

Overall photos

What does PPE stand for? Personal protective equipment Personal protective examination Protective personal equipment Protective personnel equipment None of the above

Personal protective equipment

Tangible evidence that can be forensically evaluated. Physical evidence Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above

Physical evidence

Most CSIs are _______ _______

Police officers

What is the most common physical method of processing fingerprints? Powder dusting Cyanoacrylate fuming ALS Ninhydrin Small particle reagent

Powder dusting

________ ________can best be defined as the minimum amount of information a reasonable person would need to believe that an item is where it is purported to be.

Prbable cause

Which one is a confirmatory test? Precipitin test Bluestar Hemastix LCV Precipitin test and LCV

Precipitin test

Once evidence has been identified the next step is _______________, whereby evidence is carefully collected and properly packaged. Preservation Comparison Interpretation Recognition Reconstruction

Preservation

The______ of _______states that one should seek the simplest explanation for the phenomenon being examined

Principle of parsimony

_______________ data are physical relics left behind by past criminal activity.

Proxy

When using ninhydrin, a ____ color appears. bluish-purple off-white ruddy yellow green

Purple

Determining which evidence is important and which is not. Recognition Comparison Interpretation Preservation Reconstruction

Recognition

The physical evidence left at the scene of a crime may be used to establish some of the events that occurred before, during, or immediately after the crime. This process is complex and involves the use of inductive and deductive reasoning, pattern analysis, probability and statistics to analyze the data. Reconstruction Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition

Reconstruction

____________ can either be fill-in-the-blank forms that are utilized to record pertinent information, or they can be narratives.

Reports

______ sketches are produced on scene.

Rough

Forensic evidence is obtained using the _______ _________

Scientific method

The principles of forensic science are based upon _______ ______

Scientific principle

Footwear identification had its first recorded application in... Scotland Chicago France New York California

Scotland

The most common example of a smoothbore firearm is a... shotgun semi-automatic pistol rifle None of the above

Shotegun

_______________ provides measurements of a crime scene. Sketches Note-taking Photography Videography All of the above

Sketch

What is the largest organ of the body? Skin Heart Liver Kidneys Large intestine

Skin

The local/traditional model occurs most often in... smaller agencies. agencies with a lot of money. large agencies. agencies that have a high crime rate. all of the above.

Small agencies

The bouncing of wavelengths off of an interface is known as_______________. Reflection Diffuse reflection Fluorescence Phosphorescence Specular reflection

Specular reflection

The base "A" always pairs with... T C A G None of the above

T

A _______________ is a list of identifiable characteristics. Taxonomy Analysis Hypothesis Observation Theory

Taxonomy

Physical evidence left behind at a crime scene DOES NOT determine which of the following information? The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene Type of crime committed Sequence of events Size of the scene None of the above

The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene

A _______________ is an accumulation of data that are combined and analyzed in order to explain and predict the very phenomenon it attempts to make sense of. Theory Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy

Theory

Which is often forgotten or overlooked at a crime scene? Tire tracks Toolmarks Shoe prints Ligature/bindings None of the above

Tire tracks

A police officer may detain a citizen if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the citizen has committed or is about to commit a crime. True False

True

A warrant can be invalidated if the improper address is listed. True False

True

All ligatures or binding impressions should be photographed. True False

True

Although much of the testing falls to scientists, it is the responsibility of the criminal investigator to preserve physical evidence and to exercise good judgment in applying the scientific method to the investigative process. True False

True

Biological fluids are one of the greatest hazards to personnel. True False

True

CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System. True False

True

Consent searches are voluntary on the citizen's part. True False

True

Crime scene personnel can be exposed to a far greater risk of infection by a pathogen. True False

True

DNA has a double helix structure. True False

True

Fingerprints are amongst the oldest and most probative types of forensic evidence. True False

True

Identical twins have the same DNA. True False

True

In any scientific experiment, specification of what exactly is going to be done and how it is to be done is important. True False

True

In contrast to the US, the UK has embraced basic scientific philosophy when evaluating forensic evidence. They have created legislation that states that a trial judge has the power to admit or refuse expert evidence based on a hypothesis that has not been subjected to, or that's failed to stand up to rigorous testing. True False

True

It is important not to over-dust because the print may be wiped away. True False

True

Officers legitimately on a property for reasons other than to conduct a search, arrest, or for urgent matters have permission to collect contraband without needing a warrant if it is possible that the evidence will not be there later. This is known as the plain-view rule. True False

True

SICAR stands for Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval. True False

True

SPR can be used on wet/dry/greasy surfaces. True False

True

The FBI receive the same training as other law enforcement agents. True False

True

The Will West case showed that anthropometric measurements were unreliable

True

The arm's-reach concept includes everything in the compartment of a car, excluding smaller, individually locked compartments like the glove box and trunk. True False

True

Volar skin only contains sweat glands True or false

True

What happens at the crime scene once an officer enters has potential to affect every aspect of the case from that moment onwards and can even render the case unable to be investigated or prosecuted. True False

True

When testing hypotheses, only one variable should be examined or changed at a time. True False

True

You should always protect the eyes, nose and mouth. True False

True

You should always use a photo placard. True False

True

_______________ provides a virtual image of the crime scene. Videography Note-taking Photography Sketches All of the above

Videograph

_______________ is the preliminary court process where FBI agents and forensic investigators must disclose their qualifications and any training received in their line of work to be deemed a competent expert witness.

Voir dire

_______________'s book is known as the first modern document demonstrating the forensic mindset. - Voltaire - Francis Bacon - Tycho Brahe - Nicolaus Copernicus - Johannes Kepler

Voltaire

Close up photographs should be taken ________ and _______ a scale.

With and without

The Fourth Amendment states that all search and seizures are unconstitutional if conducted: Without a warrant Without probable cause With reasonable cause Without consent None of the above

Without a warrant

Which search is usually used in an area that is already broken up? Zone search Circle search Lane search Line search Link search

Zone search

What are some class characteristics of bullets? All of the above Caliber Direction of twist Number of lands and grooves Width of lands and grooves

all of the above

What should be found in a sexual assault kit? All of the above Clothing Vaginal swabs Combings Pubic hair standards

all of the above

Detectives are responsible for... conducting overall investigative efforts. collecting evidence. photographing evidence. taking care of the victim. none of the above.

conducting overall investigative efforts.

The Christmas tree strain is a(n) .... confirmatory test inconclusive test presumptive test exclusion test All of the above

confirmatory test

The science dealing with the detection of crime and the apprehension of criminals is known as _______________.

criminalistics

Which type of drug induces sleep, relieves stress, and allays anxiety? Depressant Inhalants Cannabis Stimulant Hallucinogens

depressant

A line search is implemented when very few personnel are available.

false

Confirmatory tests for semen can be done at the scene. True False

false

Ninhydrin is induced to fume and interact with the latent fingerprint residue, giving off an off-white impression. f or t

false

Nuclear DNA is inherited solely from the mother. True False

false

Take each photograph with the scale first. t or f

false

The druggist's fold is also known as the protectant fold. True False

false

The gauge is responsible for ejecting the spent shell casing after it's been fired. True False

false

Latent prints are easily identifiable as fingerprints by the unassisted eye. True False

fasle

The ______________ is the component that strikes the base of the cartridge and causes the initial incendiary event leading to expulsion of the bullet from the barrel. firing pin ejector breech lock extractor bore

firing pin

______ _______ are exposed with a wide-angle lens or in such a fashion that allows the viewer to see a large area in the scene at eye level.

overall photographs

Which is the preferred packaging? - Paper - Air-tight containers - Plastic - All of the above are preferred ways to package evidence - None of the above are preferred ways to package evidence

paper

Evidence, such a shirt containing wet biological fluid should ordinarily be packaged in a Paper bag Plastic bag Plastic contained with a lid Paint canister Extendable tube

paper bag

A handwritten or agency-developed sheet that lists pertinent case information for the photos to follow is a ______ _____

photo placard

Which is a performance-enhancing drug? Steroids Depressants Inhalants Narcotics Hallucinogens

steroids

Which class of drug reverses the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical tasks? Stimulants Depressants Narcotics Hallucinogens None of the above

stimulants

In rectangular coordinate mapping... -there are two baselines instead of one. -there are two fixed points. - measurements are taken from the baseline to the identified item. -measurements are taken to center mass. -measurements are taken from four points.

there are two baselines instead of one.

A shotgun is a firearm that, as with a rifle, is designed to be held in two hands and be fired from the shoulder. True False

true

Close up photographs allow the viewer to see all evident detail on the item of evidence. True False

true

Notes provide basic information for the formal report. True False

true

Sir Alec Jeffrey made the discovery of DNA fingerprinting. True False

true

The environment can affect a search method. True False

true

The mid-range photo is the most overlooked photo in crime scene work. True False

true

The team model is the most effective model. True False

true

A preliminary scene survey is a . _______ . ______

walk through

When searching for trace evidence using white light (normal flashlight), one should hold the flashlight at a(n) _______________ angle. ≤45° 90° 120° 180° ≤360°

≤45°