functional groups and macromolecules
which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?
A
Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+ into a solution?
B
which molecule shown is a thiol
B
which functional group shown can pick up protons and raise the pH of the surrounding solution
C
which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid
C
which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group
C
which molecules shown are ionized in a cell
C and D
which of these is a carbonyl group
CO
carboxyl group
COOH
which of functional groups listed below behaves as an acid?
COOH carboxyl acid
Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?
Carboxyl functional group
which of the functional groups shown helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?
D
amino group
NH2
what functional group behaves as a base?
NH2 animo
hydroxyl group
OH-
what functional group is a characteristic of alcohol
OH- hydroxyl
phosphate group
PO4
which of these groups plays a major role in energy transfer?
PO4 phosphate groups
which of these groups is a characteristic of thiols?
S-H
Which molecules show an appropriate number of bonds around each carbon atom?
Since carbon atoms are tetravalent (able to form four bonds), atoms may branch off a carbon atom in as many as four places.
which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true?
a bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid
the molecule shown here contains four functional groups (highlight 4 functional groups)
a functional group is a group of atoms bonded together in a specific way that can replace a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.
which of the following molecules is a part of ATP
adenosine
is polar and makes compounds more soluble in water
alcohol
may be a structural isomer of a ketone
aldehyde
acts as a base
amine
protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers
amino acid
Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that
are mirror images of one another
starch and cellulose
are polymers of glucose
Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic?
carboxyl
amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
carboxyl
which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
carboxyl and amino groups
acts as an acid
carboxylic acid
the most abundant organic compound on Earth
cellulose
which of these is a polysaccharide
cellulose
what is another name for a condensation reaction
dehydration
a polysaccharide found in animals
glycogen
Sucrose is formed when glucose is joined to fructose by a(n) _____.
glycosidic linkage
testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what ways do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol
have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton
humans can digest starch but not cellulose because
humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
what is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken
hydrolysis
glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.
maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
which of the functional groups is not reactive but serves as a recognizable tag on the DNA molecule and alter the expression of genes in the cells
methyl
which of these is a source of lactose
milk
a molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a
monosaccharide
nucleic acid polymers are made up of ____ monomers
nucleotide
which monomers make up RNA
nucleotides
contributes negative charge
organic phosphate
which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid
oxygen
What functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another?
phosphate
which polymers are composed of amino acids
proteins
A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?
should form hydrogen bonds with water
carbohydrate polymers are made up of ____ monomers
simple sugar
the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketone sugar is
the position of the carbonyl group
forms disulfide bonds
thiol
True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.
true