functional groups and macromolecules

which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

A

Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+ into a solution?

B

which molecule shown is a thiol

B

which functional group shown can pick up protons and raise the pH of the surrounding solution

C

which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid

C

which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group

C

which molecules shown are ionized in a cell

C and D

which of these is a carbonyl group

CO

carboxyl group

COOH

which of functional groups listed below behaves as an acid?

COOH carboxyl acid

Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?

Carboxyl functional group

which of the functional groups shown helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

D

amino group

NH2

what functional group behaves as a base?

NH2 animo

hydroxyl group

OH-

what functional group is a characteristic of alcohol

OH- hydroxyl

phosphate group

PO4

which of these groups plays a major role in energy transfer?

PO4 phosphate groups

which of these groups is a characteristic of thiols?

S-H

Which molecules show an appropriate number of bonds around each carbon atom?

Since carbon atoms are tetravalent (able to form four bonds), atoms may branch off a carbon atom in as many as four places.

which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true?

a bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid

the molecule shown here contains four functional groups (highlight 4 functional groups)

a functional group is a group of atoms bonded together in a specific way that can replace a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.

which of the following molecules is a part of ATP

adenosine

is polar and makes compounds more soluble in water

alcohol

may be a structural isomer of a ketone

aldehyde

acts as a base

amine

protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers

amino acid

Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that

are mirror images of one another

starch and cellulose

are polymers of glucose

Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic?

carboxyl

amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

carboxyl

which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

carboxyl and amino groups

acts as an acid

carboxylic acid

the most abundant organic compound on Earth

cellulose

which of these is a polysaccharide

cellulose

what is another name for a condensation reaction

dehydration

a polysaccharide found in animals

glycogen

Sucrose is formed when glucose is joined to fructose by a(n) _____.

glycosidic linkage

testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what ways do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol

have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton

humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.

what is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken

hydrolysis

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.

maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis

which of the functional groups is not reactive but serves as a recognizable tag on the DNA molecule and alter the expression of genes in the cells

methyl

which of these is a source of lactose

milk

a molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a

monosaccharide

nucleic acid polymers are made up of ____ monomers

nucleotide

which monomers make up RNA

nucleotides

contributes negative charge

organic phosphate

which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid

oxygen

What functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another?

phosphate

which polymers are composed of amino acids

proteins

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

should form hydrogen bonds with water

carbohydrate polymers are made up of ____ monomers

simple sugar

the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketone sugar is

the position of the carbonyl group

forms disulfide bonds

thiol

True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.

true