Fundamentals Ch. 2 Quiz

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Implementation

-Carryout or delegate the actions previously planned -Document your actions and pts response to them

Evaluation

-Determine whether desired outcomes have been achieved -Just whether actions have successfully treated/prevented pts health problems -Modify care plan as needed

Diagnosis

-Identify pts health needs (stated in a form of a problem) based on review of assessment data -Analyze all data, synthesize and cluster info, hypothesize about pts health status -Nursing DX reflect pts response to actual or potential health problems and are different from medical diagnoses

Characteristics of caring

-Involves personal concern -Allows to connect to others -Allows to give & receive help -Enables the knowledge of knowing which interventions are effective -Is specific & relational, not abstractive -Involves thinking & acting to preserve human dignity & humanity -Doesn't treat people as objects

List critical thinking skills

-Objectively gathering information on a problem or issue -recognizing the need for more information -recognizing gaps in one's own knowledge -listening carefully, reading thoughtfully -Separating relevant from irrelevant Data, important From an important data -Organizing or grouping information in meaningful ways -making inferences (Tentative conclusions) about the meaning of the information -Integrating new information with prior knowledge -visualizing potential solutions to a problem -Objectively evaluating The likelihood that each potential solution will work -Exploring the advantages, disadvantages, and consequences of each potential action -Evaluating the credibility And usefulness of sources of information

What is the full spectrum model of nursing?

-Thinking (theoretical knowledge) -Doing (practical knowledge) -Caring (self knowledge & ethical knowledge) -Patient Situation or Context (all types of knowledge)

Planning Outcomes

-Work with pt to decide goal for care -These outcomes will drive choice of interventions -Example: Nutritional status will improve as evidenced by a gain of 3lb by July 1

Planning Interventions

-develop a list of possible interventions based on your nursing knowledge -choose those most likely to help the client to achieve the stated goals. -Best interventions are evidence based, supported by sound research

Assessment

-obtain info from many different sources Pt via history or physical exam Pt records Lab results Other health professionals Pts family and/or support system -Gather data to draw conclusions about pts health status

How are critical thinking skills and critical thinking attitudes similar? Both are: 1) Influences on the nurse's problem solving and decision making 2) Like feelings rather than cognitive activities 3) Cognitive activities rather than feelings 4) Applicable in all aspects of a person's life

1) Influences on the nurse's problem solving and decision making **Cognitive skills are used in complex thinking processes, such as problem-solving and decision making. Critical thinking attitudes determine how a person uses her cognitive skills. Critical thinking attitudes are traits of the mind, such as independent thinking, intellectual curiosity, intellectual humility and fair mindedness. Critical thinking skills refer to cognitive activities used in complex thinking processes. A few examples of these skills involve recognizing the need for more information, recognizing gaps in one's own knowledge, and separating relevant from irrelevant data. Critical thinking consists of intellectual skills and attitudes and can be used in all aspects of life.

What are the 4 types of knowledge

1. Contextual awareness 2. Using credible sources 3. Exploring alternatives & analyzing assumptions 4. Reflecting and Deciding

What are the 7 critical thinking attitudes

1. Independent thinking 2. Intellectual curiosity 3. Intellectual humility 4. Intellectual empathy 5. Intellectual courage 6. Intellectual perseverance 7. Fair-mindedness

What are the components of Characteristics of Caring

1. knowing 2. being with 3. doing for 4. enabling 5. maintaining belief

Critical thinking and the nursing process have which of the following attributes in common? A. Are important to use in nursing practice. B. Use in ordered series of steps C. Are patient specific processes D.Were developed specifically for nursing

A. Are important to use in nursing practice. **Because nurses make many decisions. Some require using the nursing process, whereas others are not patient related but require critical thinking. The nursing process has specific steps; critical thinking does not. Neither is linear. Critical thinking applies to any discipline.

Arrange the steps of the nursing process in the sequence in which they generally occur. A. Assessment B. Evaluation C. Planning Outcomes D. Planning Interventions E. Diagnosis

A. E. C. D. B.

Match the critical thinking attitude with appropriate example A. Intellectual thinking B. Intellectual Curiosity C. Intellectual Humility D. Intellectual Empathy E. Intellectual Courage F. Intellectual Perseverance 6. Questioning the reason for a new staffing policy 5. Reading the instruction manual of a new glucose-monitoring machine 4.Asking for help with a procedure you have never done before 3. Asking a patient's feelings about his cancer diagnosis 2.Questioning your feelings when a patient's family requests withholding nutrition for a terminally ill patient 1. Obtaining the latest research about a new diagnostic procedure even though the articles are difficult to find.

A. Intellectual thinking -6. Questioning the reason for a new staffing policy B. Intellectual Curiosity -5. Reading the instruction manual of a new glucose-monitoring machine C. Intellectual Humility -4.Asking for help with a procedure you have never done before D. Intellectual Empathy -3. Asking a patient's feelings about his cancer diagnosis E. Intellectual Courage -2.Questioning your feelings when a patient's family requests withholding nutrition for a terminally ill patient F. Intellectual Perseverance -1. Obtaining the latest research about a new diagnostic procedure even though the articles are difficult to find.

A patient with high BP receives a daily oral medication to control his BP. However, he has been vomiting for the past 24 hours. The nurse knows that oral medications are absorbed in the GI tract, and that without the drug, the pt's BP may become dangerously high. So the nurse notifies the primary provider to see whether the drug can be given by another route (IV or rectally). The nurse's thinking and actions illustrate which of the following? A. Nursing is an applied discipline B. Nursing uses knowledge from other fields C. Nursing is fast paced D. Nursing requires ethical knowledge

A. Nursing is an applied discipline *The nurse not only knew facts about BP, GI tract motility, BP drugs, and vomiting; he also followed through with actions-he did not merely memorize and regurgitate the facts. B. Nursing uses knowledge from other fields ** The nurse used knowledge from physiology (about BP and about the relationship GI motility and vomiting). The nurse used knowledge from pharmacology regarding the absorption of oral medications, as well as about the desired effects of the BP medication

Reflecting and Deciding

After I feel that I have addressed concerns, I need to quickly review my preparation (reflective skepticism). Have I gathered enough info to feel comfortable? Have I left anything out? Do I need more info?

Contextual awareness

An awareness of what's happening in the total situation, including values, cultural issues, interpersonal relationships, and environmental influences. This also illustrates the use of self awareness

What are the phases of the nursing process?

Assessment Diagnosis Planning outcomes Planning interventions Implementation Evaluation

In which step of the nursing process does the nurse analyze data and identify patient problems? A. Assessment B. Diagnosis C. Planning Outcomes D. Evaluation

B. Diagnosis **In the assessment phase, the nurse gathers data from many sources for analysis in the diagnosis phase. In the diagnosis phase, the nurse identifies the patient's health status. In the planning outcomes phase, the nurse formulates goals and outcomes. In the evaluation phase, which occurs after implementing interventions, the nurse gathers data about the pt's responses to nursing care to determine whether outcomes were met

Which statement about the nursing process is correct? A. it was developed from the ANA standards of care B. It is a problem solving method to guide nursing activities C. It is a linear process with separate, distinct steps D. It involves care that only a nurse will give

B. It is a problem solving method to guide nursing activities **The nursing process is a problem-solving process that guides nursing actions. The ANA organizes its standards of care around the nursing process, but the process was not developed from the standards. The nursing process is cyclical and involves care the nurses give or delegate to other members of the healthcare team.

Which of the following is an example of theoretical knowledge? A. A nurse uses sterile technique to catheterize a patient B. Room air has an oxygen concentrations of approx. 21% C. Glucose-monitoring machines should be calibrated daily D. An irregular apical heart rates should be compared with the radial pulse.

B. Room air has an oxygen concentrations of approx. 21% ** Theoretical knowledge consists of researching findings, facts, principles, and theories. The oxygen concentration of room air is a scientific fact. The others are examples of practical knowledge-what to do and how to do it.

The nurse is preparing to admit a patient from the ED. The patient has chronic lung disease and has used tobacco for 30+ years. The nurse used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day and worked very hard to quit smoking. She thinks to herself, "I know I tend to disapprove of people who use tobacco, especially when thy have serious lung conditions; I figure if I can stop smoking, they should be able to. I must remember how difficult that ism and be very careful not to be judgmental of this patient." This best illustrates: A. Theoretical knowledge B. Self-knowledge C. Using reliable sources D. Use of the nursing process

B. Self-knowledge **Personal knowledge is self-understanding- awareness of one's beliefs, values, biases and so on. That best describes the nurse's awareness that her bias can affect her patient care.

Intellectual humility

Critical thinkers are aware that they do not know everything & they are not embarrassed to ask for help when they don't know. They reevaluate their conclusions or chosen course of action in light of new information & Are willing to admit when they are wrong. However, this trait does not imply ambivalence or apathy.

intellectual curiosity

Critical thinkers love to Learn new things. They are naturally inquisitive and frequently think or ask, "what if?...." " how could we do these things differently?" Or "how does this work?"

Intellectual empathy

Critical thinkers try to understand the feelings and perceptions of others and expand perspective toward a worldview. They try to view a situation as another person sees it.

List the four components of full-spectrum nursing.

Critical thinking Nursing knowledge Nursing process Patient situation

A clinic patient has not been keeping his scheduled follow-up appointments. In talking with him about that, the nurse asks, "Do you have a car or other transportation to bring you to the clinic?" Which critical thinking process does that question illustrate? A. inquiry based on credible sources B. Reflective skepticism C. Analyzing assumptions D. Contextual Awareness

D. Contextual Awareness **Contextual awareness is noticing what is happening in the total situation, including environmental influences like transportation. Inquiry is applying standards of good reasoning to your thinking (what framework should I use to organize my information?) Reflecting skeptically involves questioning, analyzing, and reflecting on the rationale for your decisions. (In priority order, what should I do now and why?) Analyzing assumptions requires recognizing that you are assuming, and then examining the beliefs taht underlie your choices.

After assessing a patient, the nurse is analyzing and synthesizing the data she obtained. She thinks, "I know the patient must sit up to breathe; his respirations are shallow and fast; and he is pale. What does this mean? What are some possible explanations for these symptoms? Which of the following critical thinking attitudes is the nurse illustrating? A. fair-mindedness B. Independent thinking C. Intellectual Courage D. Intellectual Curiosity

D. Intellectual Curiosity ** Intellectual Curiosity involves inquiry thinking, "what if...? How does this work? Why is this happening? What is causing this?" The nurse is not just collecting data and reporting them to someone else but is trying to determine the meaning of the data. Fair-mindedness is more about making impartial judgements and treating all viewpoints fairly. Independent thinking involves listening to others and not believing everything you are told-not always "going along with the crowd". Intellectual courage involves examining your values and beliefs and being willing to rethink previously held beliefs-not becoming resistant to change.

In which phase of the nursing process does the nurse decide whether her actions have successfully treated the patient's health problems?

Evaluation

T/F The nursing process is linear, flowing from one step to the next.

False It is cyclical, following logical progression. However, the steps overlap, and the nurse may move back and forth between them.

T/F Students should disregard their current learning skills in order to learn the skills of critical thinking.

False. Critical thinking skills build on the foundation of a person's current learning and thinking skills

Using credible sources

Gather information about the clinical experience. Important to use inquiry based on credible sources while gathering data. After gathering information, go back and analyze your response to the situation. This also shows you are using theoretical knowledge.

What do you do if problem has been resolved or if outcomes haven't been achieved

Hasn't been resolved-delete it from care plan Outcomes not achieved-determine why & set up new intervention

How is the nursing process supposed to be set up?

It is cyclical that follows progression. -Some steps might be concurrent (occurring at same time) -Not meant to be a linear process

A set of interrelated concepts is a _______.

Model

What are the 6 major patient rights?

Right Patient Right Dose Right Route Right Medication Right Time Right Documentation Extra: Right Response Right Reason

Independent thinking

These critical thinkers do not believe everything they are told. They don't just go along with the crowd. They listen to what others think & learn from new ideas. They don't except or reject an idea before they understand it. Nurses should challenge actions and policies that have no logical support

What is critical thinking?

Thinking about your thinking, trying to make your thinking unbiased & fair, having a questioning/Inquiring attitude, not jumping to conclusions, reasoned thinking, reflective thinking, and problem-solving

Intellectual Perseverance

This trait involves being aware of the need to use intellectual insights and truths in spite of difficulties, obstacles, and frustrations you may have or face.

Intellectual courage

This trait involves the need to face and fairly address ideas, beliefs or viewpoints you may have strong negative emotions about or may not want to hear. Without intellectual courage, people become resistant to change

T/F Being inquisitive, open-minded and systematic are traits of critical thinkers.

True- there are many attributes of a critical thinker.

Exploring alternatives & analyzing assumptions

You need to consider alternatives and analyze assumptions about your experience. What is expected? Who do you expect? How should you approach patient? How will you introduce yourself?This refers to practical knowledge (skills or "knowing how")

Identify personal biases that may affect his thinking and actions

a. the most basic reason is that self-knowledge directly effects the nurses thinking and the actions he chooses. Indirectly, thinking is involved in identifying effective interventions, communicating and learning procedures. However, because identifying personal biases affects all the other nursing actions, it is the most basic reason.

Fair-mindedness

making impartial judgements. They consider various viewpoints fairly, realizing that personal biases, customs and social pressures can influence their thinking. They examine their own biases each time they make a decision.

Full-spectrum nursing is a unique blend of ______ and ______that translates caring into action.

thinking and doing


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