Fundamentals: Chapter 26 Nutrition Review
How many permanent teeth do we have?
32 permanent teeth
Which nutrient is involved in all of the body's chemical processes and the most essential of all nutrients? A) Water B) Protein C) Sodium D) Sugars
A) Water
Factors that influence nutrition:
Age, Illness, emotional status, economic status, Religion, Culture.
Food sources of protein:
Animal and plant sources, (meat milk fish poultry eggs legumes nuts, grains)
Psychological disorder characterized by restriction of caloric intake l, a very low body weight, pathological fear of becoming fat, severe disturbance of body image
Anorexia nervosa
Food sources of vitamins:
B-complex vitamins, vitamin A C D E K
Consuming more food in a define period of time
Binge eating
Binge eating, purging, fasting, using laxatives, exercising excessively, women are aware of their problem and often feel ashamed of the behavior.
Bulimia
Provide complete protein intake- combine with cereal with milk, beans with rice, peanut butter sandwiches
Complementary proteins
Food sources of fats:
Corn oil, safflower oil, canola oil, salmon, halibut, sardines, tuna
Liz has an Orthodox Jewish patient. When ordering her diet it is important to remember that: A) pork and pork products are allowed B) no alcohol is permitted C) shellfish are allowed D) meat and milk may not be mixed or eaten at the same meal
D) meat and milk may not be mixed or eaten at the same meal
All of the following are functions of fats Except they: A) Provide a source of fatty acids B) add flavor to foods C) make food smell appetizing D) provide a quick source of protein
D) provide a quick source of protein
20 cm collapsible muscular tube; moves food to stomach
Esophagus
These vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine the same as other fats by action of bile in the duodenum and stored in the liver; A, D, E, and K
Fat- soluble vitamins
Is an essential nutrient, supplies a concentrated form of energy, insulates & controls body temperature
Fats
Pear shaped; attached to surface of liver by cystic duct
Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile; fatty foods stimulate the flow of bile from this into the duodenum
Gallbladder
What are some sources of trace minerals?
Iron, copper, iodine, manganese, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, selenium, fluoride, chromium
Occurs in infants and young children soon after weaning from breast due to severe protein def.
Kwashiorkor
Only eat diary products, eggs, and plant foods includes
Lacto- ovo-vegetarian
Only eat diary and plant only-eggs excluded
Lactovegetarian
This is where water and electrolytes are absorbed and elimination of waste products
Large intestine
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum-1.5 meters long
Large intestine
produces and secretes bile into small intestine for digestion of fats, carbs, and proteins
Liver
Deficiency of protein energy and nutrient malnutrition-first year of life- growth retard, and wasting of subcut fat and muscle
Marasmus
Process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules-to make energy available to an organism- absorbed nutrients enter the blood as chemicals which can be absorbed
Metabolism
-Essential for metabolism and cellular function
Minerals
What are the GI structures?
Mouth, tongue, teeth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, anus
Sum of taking in nutrients and absorbing and using them
Nutrition
Secretes digestive juices into small intestine for digestion of carbs, fats, and proteins. Secretes insulin and glucagon
Pancreas
posterior abdominal wall; tail on left next to spleen
Pancreas
largest salivary glands l; anterior and inferior to the ear
Parotid glands
These build and replace tissue and cells; illness, surgery, burns, or blood loss- more is needed
Protein
Millions under age of 5 are affected by this-leads to permanent disabilities because of fast rate of brain growth
Protein deficiencies
what are the acessory organs? There are 4
Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
includes duodenum, jejunum, ileum= 6 meters long or 18 feet approx.= 1 inch in diameter
Small intestine
Upper left quadrant of abd; holds 1.5 Liters or 1500 ml= 8 oz= 240 ml or holds 6 cups 250*6= 1500 ml approx.
Stomach
Food sources of carbohydrates:
Table sugar, fruit sugar, milk sugar, breads, pasta, cereals and rice
What is the most movable organ?
Tongue
Dietary Guidelines: Emphasis fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low fat milk and milk products - includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts - is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugars
USDA MyPlate
All animal sources including honey are excluded
Vegan
Most essential of all nutrients; used in every body process, from digestion to absorption to elimination or secretion; large amount must be stored in the body
Water
type of vitamins are easily absorbed into the bloodstream for use by the body; B-complex vitamins and vitamin C
Water-soluble vitamins-(thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folic acid, B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin)
major minerals:
calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine
main source of energy; regulate protein fat, metabolism, fight infection, and promote growth of body tissues
carbohydrates
6 essential nutrients
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
Connects the nasal and oral cavities to larynx
pharynx- food is forced into by the tongue
digestion is finished in the
small intestine- nutrients are absorbed and residue is passed to the large intestine
Age related changes
⬆️ dental caries and tooth loss- diff chewing ⬇️ sense of taste- loss of appetite ⬇️ gag reflex- inc risk of choking and aspiration ⬇️ muscle tone at sphincters May inc heartburn or risk of esophageal reflux ⬇️ gastric secretions may interfere with dive of food ⬇️ peristalsis- risk of constipation or bowel impaction