Fundamentals: Chapter 26 Nutrition Review

How many permanent teeth do we have?

32 permanent teeth

Which nutrient is involved in all of the body's chemical processes and the most essential of all nutrients? A) Water B) Protein C) Sodium D) Sugars

A) Water

Factors that influence nutrition:

Age, Illness, emotional status, economic status, Religion, Culture.

Food sources of protein:

Animal and plant sources, (meat milk fish poultry eggs legumes nuts, grains)

Psychological disorder characterized by restriction of caloric intake l, a very low body weight, pathological fear of becoming fat, severe disturbance of body image

Anorexia nervosa

Food sources of vitamins:

B-complex vitamins, vitamin A C D E K

Consuming more food in a define period of time

Binge eating

Binge eating, purging, fasting, using laxatives, exercising excessively, women are aware of their problem and often feel ashamed of the behavior.

Bulimia

Provide complete protein intake- combine with cereal with milk, beans with rice, peanut butter sandwiches

Complementary proteins

Food sources of fats:

Corn oil, safflower oil, canola oil, salmon, halibut, sardines, tuna

Liz has an Orthodox Jewish patient. When ordering her diet it is important to remember that: A) pork and pork products are allowed B) no alcohol is permitted C) shellfish are allowed D) meat and milk may not be mixed or eaten at the same meal

D) meat and milk may not be mixed or eaten at the same meal

All of the following are functions of fats Except they: A) Provide a source of fatty acids B) add flavor to foods C) make food smell appetizing D) provide a quick source of protein

D) provide a quick source of protein

20 cm collapsible muscular tube; moves food to stomach

Esophagus

These vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine the same as other fats by action of bile in the duodenum and stored in the liver; A, D, E, and K

Fat- soluble vitamins

Is an essential nutrient, supplies a concentrated form of energy, insulates & controls body temperature

Fats

Pear shaped; attached to surface of liver by cystic duct

Gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile; fatty foods stimulate the flow of bile from this into the duodenum

Gallbladder

What are some sources of trace minerals?

Iron, copper, iodine, manganese, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, selenium, fluoride, chromium

Occurs in infants and young children soon after weaning from breast due to severe protein def.

Kwashiorkor

Only eat diary products, eggs, and plant foods includes

Lacto- ovo-vegetarian

Only eat diary and plant only-eggs excluded

Lactovegetarian

This is where water and electrolytes are absorbed and elimination of waste products

Large intestine

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum-1.5 meters long

Large intestine

produces and secretes bile into small intestine for digestion of fats, carbs, and proteins

Liver

Deficiency of protein energy and nutrient malnutrition-first year of life- growth retard, and wasting of subcut fat and muscle

Marasmus

Process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules-to make energy available to an organism- absorbed nutrients enter the blood as chemicals which can be absorbed

Metabolism

-Essential for metabolism and cellular function

Minerals

What are the GI structures?

Mouth, tongue, teeth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Sum of taking in nutrients and absorbing and using them

Nutrition

Secretes digestive juices into small intestine for digestion of carbs, fats, and proteins. Secretes insulin and glucagon

Pancreas

posterior abdominal wall; tail on left next to spleen

Pancreas

largest salivary glands l; anterior and inferior to the ear

Parotid glands

These build and replace tissue and cells; illness, surgery, burns, or blood loss- more is needed

Protein

Millions under age of 5 are affected by this-leads to permanent disabilities because of fast rate of brain growth

Protein deficiencies

what are the acessory organs? There are 4

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

includes duodenum, jejunum, ileum= 6 meters long or 18 feet approx.= 1 inch in diameter

Small intestine

Upper left quadrant of abd; holds 1.5 Liters or 1500 ml= 8 oz= 240 ml or holds 6 cups 250*6= 1500 ml approx.

Stomach

Food sources of carbohydrates:

Table sugar, fruit sugar, milk sugar, breads, pasta, cereals and rice

What is the most movable organ?

Tongue

Dietary Guidelines: Emphasis fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low fat milk and milk products - includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts - is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugars

USDA MyPlate

All animal sources including honey are excluded

Vegan

Most essential of all nutrients; used in every body process, from digestion to absorption to elimination or secretion; large amount must be stored in the body

Water

type of vitamins are easily absorbed into the bloodstream for use by the body; B-complex vitamins and vitamin C

Water-soluble vitamins-(thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folic acid, B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin)

major minerals:

calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine

main source of energy; regulate protein fat, metabolism, fight infection, and promote growth of body tissues

carbohydrates

6 essential nutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

Connects the nasal and oral cavities to larynx

pharynx- food is forced into by the tongue

digestion is finished in the

small intestine- nutrients are absorbed and residue is passed to the large intestine

Age related changes

⬆️ dental caries and tooth loss- diff chewing ⬇️ sense of taste- loss of appetite ⬇️ gag reflex- inc risk of choking and aspiration ⬇️ muscle tone at sphincters May inc heartburn or risk of esophageal reflux ⬇️ gastric secretions may interfere with dive of food ⬇️ peristalsis- risk of constipation or bowel impaction