Fundamentals of Nutrition Final Exam Review
how much energy is required to raise the temperature of one liter of water 1 degree celsius?
1 kilocalorie
vitamin B12 requires an ______ for absorption from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.
intrinsic factor
epidemiological studies _________
investigate the incidence and distribution of diseases
what nutrient is important for the athlete because it helps the transport of oxygen in the blood?
iron
which of the following is TRUE regarding cholesterol?
it is a precursor to vitamin D and sex hormones
what is the primary action of benzocaine, found in certain candy and gum and used as an over-the-counter weight loss aid?
it reduces taste sensations
which of the following body organs does NOT secrete digestive enzymes?
liver
which of the following is generally NOT associated with regular program of physical fitness?
lowering of bone density
which of these is a plausible explanation for males having higher BMR than females?
males have a higher proportion of lean body mass
which of the following is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?
raw carrots
which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
roasted turkey
what is the difference between satiation and satiety?
satiation occurs during a meal; satiety occurs after a meal
the type of deficiency that could be caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient is a _______ deficiency.
secondary
according to the principles of diet planning, nutrient density means _______
selecting foods that provide more nutrients while delivering less energy
what does a BMI of 25-29.9 indicate?
the person is overweight
beriberi is caused by a deficiency of ________
thiamin
which of the following would be the poorest source of vitamin C?
whole grains
salt-sensitive population groups include all of the following EXCEPT
caucasians
what is malnutrition?
either excess or insufficient energy and/or nutrient intake
which of these is NOT a way fatty acids can differ?
elements of which they are composed
what term is given to a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?
female athlete triad
the omega 3 fatty acids ________
inhibit blood clotting
if a serving of plums contains 1.8 mg of niacin and the RDA for niacin is 13 mg. what is the percent RDA met for this nutrient?
14%
what is the appropriate water intake for a 65 kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2500 kcalories/day?
2500-3250 cc/day
the American Heart Association and other health agencies advocate the limiting of dietary fat intake to no more than about _________%
30
energy needs during middle pregnancy increase by about:
300 kcalories/day
energy needs during the second and third trimesters pregnancy increase by about:
300-400 kcalories/day
an infant should begin eating strained solid foods between:
4 and 6 months
among other things, a pregnant woman needs ___________
4 glasses of milk per day
one gram of carbohydrate, one gram of fat, and one gram of protein yield ______, _______, and _____ kcalories respectively.
4,9,4
one teaspoon of FAT weighs approximately _______ grams and provides about ______ kcalories
5, 45
according to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day's total energy intake should be furnished by total carbohydrates?
50-60
the AAP suggests that an infant should begin eating strained solid foods at around ______ of age
6 months
the protein recommendation for an adult male weighing 180 pounds is _______
65 grams
in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?
abdomen
in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?
abdomen
which of the following is characteristics of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa?
bingeing typically occurs after a period of struct dieting
which of the following is a common measure of protein quality?
biological value
which of the following is an early stage of vitamin C deficiency?
bleeding gums
which of the following is/are major symptoms of lactose intolerance?
bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort
as far as is known, vitamin A does NOT play a role in which of the following processes?
blood clotting
which of the following would be a very good source of vitamin C for the lacto-ovo-vegetarian?
broccoli
which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin?
copper
which of the following would be at LEAST risk of vitamin D deficiency?
outdoor farm workers
during lower intensity activity, muscle cells may use a greater percentage of ____ as fuel
fat
gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?
fats
what are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?
fibers
what is the best source of fluoride?
fluoridated water
the vitamin that protects against neural tube defects is
folate
to help prevent neural tube defects, grain products are now fortified with ______
folate
which of these strategies is NOT a healthy option for an overweight woman?
follow a weight loss diet during pregnancy
the sweetest of all sugars is ______
fructose
which of the following food groups are recommended to persons to increase their potassium intakes?
fruits and vegetables
which of the following animal-derived proteins is classified as an incomplete protein?
gelatin
the complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle is _____
glycogen
the complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle is _______
glycogen
although dairy products are probably the best source of dietary calcium in the American diet, the following foods are considered "good" sources:
green vegetables
which of the following diets promotes superior physical performance in athletes?
high carbohydrate diet
which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?
high doses may lower blood cholesterol
a low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of
high-density lipoproteins
which of the following is a possible consequence of excess protein intake in either animals or humans?
increased size of liver and/or kidneys
which of the following processes is regulated primarily by the buffering action of proteins?
pH balance
true or false: breast milk may be pumped and safely refrigerated for at least 48 hours
true
true or false: the AAP recommends "exclusive breastfeeding" until 6 months of age
true
when the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?
tryptophan
riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to _______
ultraviolet light
hydrogenation is a commercial process whereby ____________
unsaturated fats become saturated
which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?
vegetable oil
cooking food in a liberal amount of water would have the LEAST likely effect the vitamin content of ____
vitamin A
which of the following poses the greatest health risk when consumed in large amounts?
vitamin A and D supplements
which of the following vitamins aids in the absorption of iron?
vitamin C
which of the following is (are) a characteristic of the sugar alcohols?
they contain kcalories
which of the following is a general feature of the sugar alcohols?
they inhibit the growth of caries-causing bacteria
the major hormone that affects basal metabolic rate is _____
thyroxin
what is the function of the bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas?
to neutralize the acidity of chyme thereby protecting the small intestine from the action of stomach acid
according to the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans, alcohol should be
totally avoided by some persons
choking occurs when a piece of foods becomes firmly lodged in the
trachea
which of these would be the BEST choice for fluid replacement for a noncompetitive, everyday active person?
water
what role does the esophagus play in the digestive process?
transport of a bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a _______
triglyceride
which of the following is NOT a desirable level for a blood lipid?
triglycerides under 300 mg/dl
what is the role of a control group in the experiment?
a control group serves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group
greeks, Italians, and spaniards rely heavily on olive oil which is ________
monounsaturated
what population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?
newborns
a diet low in protein and in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?
niacin
a diet low in protein and which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?
niacin
which of the following nutrients functions to prevent appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
niacin
vitamin A supplements would be most helpful in treating
night blindness
what element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates or fats?
nitrogen
which of the following is a proven ergogenic aid for the athlete?
none of these
which of the following would be the best source of soluble fiber?
oatmeal or oat bran
what is the normal pH of the stomach?
1.5-1.7
among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?
african american
which of the physical activity recommendations is specifically mentioned by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines?
all of the above
which of the following is recommended daily by the "My Pyramid" food plan for a person needing 2000 kcalories?
all of these
toddlers who drinks milk to the exclusion of other foods is at risk for developing ______
anemia
which of the following are proteins that inactivate foreign bacteria and viruses?
antibodies
after consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake is an example of behavior known as _______
appetite
persons with PKU should avoid which of the following sugar alternative?
aspartame
persons with PKU should avoid which of the following sugar alternatives?
aspartame
which of the following is a characteristic of an essential nutrient?
cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body
the technique endurance athletes use to maximize glycogen stores is called:
carbohydrate loading
to protect the riboflavin content of milk it should be stored in
cardboard containers
the traditional guidelines for the recommended sequence for introduction of baby foods to an infant is
cereal, vegetables, fruits, and meats
among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?
children
an oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from _______
cis to trans
which of these is the highest in saturated fat content?
coconut oil
which of the following represents the usual sequence in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from in adequate intake?
declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, overt signs
which of these is a characteristic of a chromium deficiency?
diabetes-like symptoms
which of the following is false about a pre-game meal?
it should be high in protein
an example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to _______
keep a record of your eating habits
which of the following is NOT included in the measurement of basal metabolic rate?
large muscle activity
regular physical activity often results in all the following EXCEPT:
lower energy expenditure
which of the following is generally NOT associated with a regular program of physical fitness?
lowering bone density
the known potential dangers of taking vitamin supplements include all of the following EXCEPT
pathologenic bacterial overgrowth of the large intestines leading to increased risk of infection
what vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?
pathothenic acid
the contents of the GI tract are moved along by the process of _______
peristalsis
diets high in soft drinks can be bad for the bones due to their excessive ________
phosphorus
which of the following is a feature of the basal metabolism (BMR)?
pregnancy increases the BMR
there is evidence for benefits of vitamin E supplements in which of the following groups?
premature infants
sulfur is presen tin practically all
proteins
athletes can safely add muscle tissue by
putting a demand on muscles making them work harder
which of these contains a protein that inhibits the absorption of biotin?
raw egg whites
which of the following is the most nutrient dense relative to calcium content?
skim milk
to prevent heartburn, meals of the pregnant woman should be
smaller and more frequent to decrease stomach contents
which of the following minerals is present in highest quantities in soft water?
sodium
a mineral that may contribute to high blood pressure is _______, while a mineral that protects against high blood pressure is ______
sodium, potassium
a mineral that may contribute to high blood pressure is _______, while a mineral that protects against high blood pressure is _______
sodium, potassium
which of these plant products has the highest quality protein?
soybean
information that must lawfully be provided on food labels includes all of the following EXCEPT
the amount of recommended for ingestion each day
what is the EAR?
the average daily intake of a nutrient that will meet the needs of appropriate 50% of the population