Fundamentals of Nutrition Final Exam Review

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how much energy is required to raise the temperature of one liter of water 1 degree celsius?

1 kilocalorie

vitamin B12 requires an ______ for absorption from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.

intrinsic factor

epidemiological studies _________

investigate the incidence and distribution of diseases

what nutrient is important for the athlete because it helps the transport of oxygen in the blood?

iron

which of the following is TRUE regarding cholesterol?

it is a precursor to vitamin D and sex hormones

what is the primary action of benzocaine, found in certain candy and gum and used as an over-the-counter weight loss aid?

it reduces taste sensations

which of the following body organs does NOT secrete digestive enzymes?

liver

which of the following is generally NOT associated with regular program of physical fitness?

lowering of bone density

which of these is a plausible explanation for males having higher BMR than females?

males have a higher proportion of lean body mass

which of the following is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?

raw carrots

which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

roasted turkey

what is the difference between satiation and satiety?

satiation occurs during a meal; satiety occurs after a meal

the type of deficiency that could be caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient is a _______ deficiency.

secondary

according to the principles of diet planning, nutrient density means _______

selecting foods that provide more nutrients while delivering less energy

what does a BMI of 25-29.9 indicate?

the person is overweight

beriberi is caused by a deficiency of ________

thiamin

which of the following would be the poorest source of vitamin C?

whole grains

salt-sensitive population groups include all of the following EXCEPT

caucasians

what is malnutrition?

either excess or insufficient energy and/or nutrient intake

which of these is NOT a way fatty acids can differ?

elements of which they are composed

what term is given to a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?

female athlete triad

the omega 3 fatty acids ________

inhibit blood clotting

if a serving of plums contains 1.8 mg of niacin and the RDA for niacin is 13 mg. what is the percent RDA met for this nutrient?

14%

what is the appropriate water intake for a 65 kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2500 kcalories/day?

2500-3250 cc/day

the American Heart Association and other health agencies advocate the limiting of dietary fat intake to no more than about _________%

30

energy needs during middle pregnancy increase by about:

300 kcalories/day

energy needs during the second and third trimesters pregnancy increase by about:

300-400 kcalories/day

an infant should begin eating strained solid foods between:

4 and 6 months

among other things, a pregnant woman needs ___________

4 glasses of milk per day

one gram of carbohydrate, one gram of fat, and one gram of protein yield ______, _______, and _____ kcalories respectively.

4,9,4

one teaspoon of FAT weighs approximately _______ grams and provides about ______ kcalories

5, 45

according to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day's total energy intake should be furnished by total carbohydrates?

50-60

the AAP suggests that an infant should begin eating strained solid foods at around ______ of age

6 months

the protein recommendation for an adult male weighing 180 pounds is _______

65 grams

in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?

abdomen

in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?

abdomen

which of the following is characteristics of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa?

bingeing typically occurs after a period of struct dieting

which of the following is a common measure of protein quality?

biological value

which of the following is an early stage of vitamin C deficiency?

bleeding gums

which of the following is/are major symptoms of lactose intolerance?

bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort

as far as is known, vitamin A does NOT play a role in which of the following processes?

blood clotting

which of the following would be a very good source of vitamin C for the lacto-ovo-vegetarian?

broccoli

which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin?

copper

which of the following would be at LEAST risk of vitamin D deficiency?

outdoor farm workers

during lower intensity activity, muscle cells may use a greater percentage of ____ as fuel

fat

gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?

fats

what are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?

fibers

what is the best source of fluoride?

fluoridated water

the vitamin that protects against neural tube defects is

folate

to help prevent neural tube defects, grain products are now fortified with ______

folate

which of these strategies is NOT a healthy option for an overweight woman?

follow a weight loss diet during pregnancy

the sweetest of all sugars is ______

fructose

which of the following food groups are recommended to persons to increase their potassium intakes?

fruits and vegetables

which of the following animal-derived proteins is classified as an incomplete protein?

gelatin

the complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle is _____

glycogen

the complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle is _______

glycogen

although dairy products are probably the best source of dietary calcium in the American diet, the following foods are considered "good" sources:

green vegetables

which of the following diets promotes superior physical performance in athletes?

high carbohydrate diet

which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?

high doses may lower blood cholesterol

a low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of

high-density lipoproteins

which of the following is a possible consequence of excess protein intake in either animals or humans?

increased size of liver and/or kidneys

which of the following processes is regulated primarily by the buffering action of proteins?

pH balance

true or false: breast milk may be pumped and safely refrigerated for at least 48 hours

true

true or false: the AAP recommends "exclusive breastfeeding" until 6 months of age

true

when the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?

tryptophan

riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to _______

ultraviolet light

hydrogenation is a commercial process whereby ____________

unsaturated fats become saturated

which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?

vegetable oil

cooking food in a liberal amount of water would have the LEAST likely effect the vitamin content of ____

vitamin A

which of the following poses the greatest health risk when consumed in large amounts?

vitamin A and D supplements

which of the following vitamins aids in the absorption of iron?

vitamin C

which of the following is (are) a characteristic of the sugar alcohols?

they contain kcalories

which of the following is a general feature of the sugar alcohols?

they inhibit the growth of caries-causing bacteria

the major hormone that affects basal metabolic rate is _____

thyroxin

what is the function of the bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas?

to neutralize the acidity of chyme thereby protecting the small intestine from the action of stomach acid

according to the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans, alcohol should be

totally avoided by some persons

choking occurs when a piece of foods becomes firmly lodged in the

trachea

which of these would be the BEST choice for fluid replacement for a noncompetitive, everyday active person?

water

what role does the esophagus play in the digestive process?

transport of a bolus from the pharynx to the stomach

a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a _______

triglyceride

which of the following is NOT a desirable level for a blood lipid?

triglycerides under 300 mg/dl

what is the role of a control group in the experiment?

a control group serves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group

greeks, Italians, and spaniards rely heavily on olive oil which is ________

monounsaturated

what population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?

newborns

a diet low in protein and in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?

niacin

a diet low in protein and which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?

niacin

which of the following nutrients functions to prevent appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?

niacin

vitamin A supplements would be most helpful in treating

night blindness

what element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates or fats?

nitrogen

which of the following is a proven ergogenic aid for the athlete?

none of these

which of the following would be the best source of soluble fiber?

oatmeal or oat bran

what is the normal pH of the stomach?

1.5-1.7

among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?

african american

which of the physical activity recommendations is specifically mentioned by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines?

all of the above

which of the following is recommended daily by the "My Pyramid" food plan for a person needing 2000 kcalories?

all of these

toddlers who drinks milk to the exclusion of other foods is at risk for developing ______

anemia

which of the following are proteins that inactivate foreign bacteria and viruses?

antibodies

after consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake is an example of behavior known as _______

appetite

persons with PKU should avoid which of the following sugar alternative?

aspartame

persons with PKU should avoid which of the following sugar alternatives?

aspartame

which of the following is a characteristic of an essential nutrient?

cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

the technique endurance athletes use to maximize glycogen stores is called:

carbohydrate loading

to protect the riboflavin content of milk it should be stored in

cardboard containers

the traditional guidelines for the recommended sequence for introduction of baby foods to an infant is

cereal, vegetables, fruits, and meats

among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?

children

an oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from _______

cis to trans

which of these is the highest in saturated fat content?

coconut oil

which of the following represents the usual sequence in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from in adequate intake?

declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, overt signs

which of these is a characteristic of a chromium deficiency?

diabetes-like symptoms

which of the following is false about a pre-game meal?

it should be high in protein

an example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to _______

keep a record of your eating habits

which of the following is NOT included in the measurement of basal metabolic rate?

large muscle activity

regular physical activity often results in all the following EXCEPT:

lower energy expenditure

which of the following is generally NOT associated with a regular program of physical fitness?

lowering bone density

the known potential dangers of taking vitamin supplements include all of the following EXCEPT

pathologenic bacterial overgrowth of the large intestines leading to increased risk of infection

what vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?

pathothenic acid

the contents of the GI tract are moved along by the process of _______

peristalsis

diets high in soft drinks can be bad for the bones due to their excessive ________

phosphorus

which of the following is a feature of the basal metabolism (BMR)?

pregnancy increases the BMR

there is evidence for benefits of vitamin E supplements in which of the following groups?

premature infants

sulfur is presen tin practically all

proteins

athletes can safely add muscle tissue by

putting a demand on muscles making them work harder

which of these contains a protein that inhibits the absorption of biotin?

raw egg whites

which of the following is the most nutrient dense relative to calcium content?

skim milk

to prevent heartburn, meals of the pregnant woman should be

smaller and more frequent to decrease stomach contents

which of the following minerals is present in highest quantities in soft water?

sodium

a mineral that may contribute to high blood pressure is _______, while a mineral that protects against high blood pressure is ______

sodium, potassium

a mineral that may contribute to high blood pressure is _______, while a mineral that protects against high blood pressure is _______

sodium, potassium

which of these plant products has the highest quality protein?

soybean

information that must lawfully be provided on food labels includes all of the following EXCEPT

the amount of recommended for ingestion each day

what is the EAR?

the average daily intake of a nutrient that will meet the needs of appropriate 50% of the population


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