Fungi

T/F: Immediately following karyogamy, the zygote can be termed dikaryotic.

False: Karyogamy is the fusion of two nuclei, therefore it will be diploid.

T/F: In septate fungi. pores in septa allow cytoplasmic streaming to distribute needed nutrients, sybthesized compounds, and organelles throughout the hyphae

True

T/F: Most chytrids exhibit a haploid life cycle. When their sexual reproduction involves the fusion of flagellated gametes of different sizes, it is known as anisogamy.

True

T/F: Parasitic fungi produce specialized hyphae, called haustoria, which penetrate the host cell

True

T/F: Some fungi can exist either as unicellular yeasts or as filamentous hyphae. In an environment where nutrients are limited, the filamentous hyphal form would be more favorable over the yeast form

True

T/F: water molds reproduce asexually by forming zoospores and sexually by forming oospores

Truu

You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many elongated structures with 8 haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of fungus is this?

ascomycete

The sporangia of the black bread mole Rhizopus are

asexual structures that produce haploid spores

The most ancient phylum of fungi, which is characterized by a single posteriorly-directed whiplash flagellum is the

chytridiomycota

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are

composed of hyphae, referred to as mycelium, usually underground or within the substrate.

In/on what structure do both Penicillium and Aspergillus produce asexual spores?

conidophores

Lichens are mutualistic associations of fungi and

cyanobacteria or green algae

in the myxomycetes, a plasmodiocarp forms by

direct conversion of the plasmodium into a fruiting body

all protists are

eukaryotic

When pathenogenic fungi are found growing on the roots of grape vines, grape farmers sometimes respond by covering the ground around their vines with plastic sheeting and pumping a gaseous fungicide into the soil. The most important concern of grape farmers who engage in this practice should be that the

fungicide might also kill mycorrhizae

A __ is the term referring to a tangled mat of hyphae

mycelium

Dikaryotic cells are denoted as

n+n

The names of fungal phyla are based on important characteristic structures associated with:

reproduction

In most basidiomycetes, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell

results in dikaryotic cells

A major role of saprobic fungi in terrestrial ecosystems is to:

return carbon and other elements to the environment for further cycling.

the form taken by true slime molds (myxomycetes) under adverse environmental conditions is called a ___. This structure rapidly becomes a ____ again upon restoration of favorable conditions/

sclerotium; plasmodium

Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi with hyphae?

they are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources.

T/F: Although most fungi are saprobes, some species are important to plant pathogens or animal pathogens

true

An unknown fungus was examined microscopically and found to lack cross-walls in its hyphae. It most likely belongs to the:

zygomycetes

T/F: Fungi are osmiotrophs since they exhibit extra-organismic digestion of nutrient materials

True

T/F: The phylum suffix for the kingdom fungi is -mycota

-mycota is the suffix for phyla

Cellular slime molds. An amoeboid cell is the vegetative unit. Myxamoebae, which have single have a single haploid nucleus, engulf food particles. Use cAMP as an aggregation signal.

Dictyosteliomycota

T/F: All fungal sexual spores are diploid

F: ascospores and basidiospores are haploid.

T/F: Ascospores will germinate into haploid hyphae whereas conidia will germinate into diploid hyphae

F: both spores will produce haploid hyphae

T/F: The individual filaments that anchor saprobic fungi to ther substrate are called rhizomes.

F: rhizoids.

T/F: The female gametangiua and gametes of allomyces produce a pheremone called trisporic acid in order to attract the male gametes for syngamy

F: sirenin

T/F: Chytrids are characterized by having one anteriorly directed tinsel flagellum

F: whiplash flagellum

Mycorrhizae are ___ associations of a fungus with ___.

Mutualistic; plant roots

Includes water molds and their fungus-like terrestrial relatives, such as the potato blight. Hyphae are coenocytic; reproduce asexually by zoospores and sexually by modified oogamy.

Oomycota

T/F: Ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during ther production whereas conidia have not

True

Surface area represents the area available for exchange with the environment, whereas volume represents the cytoplasm which requires nutrients and from which waste products (usually toxic) must be removed. Which of the following should provide the most favorable conditions for effective exchange?

a longer filamentous hypha

Aggregation in cellular slime mold occurs when a starving myxamoeba start secreting

acrasin or cAMP

With the exception of chytridiomycetes, fungi are generally disseminated by:

airborne spores

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to:

an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition

Among the organisms listed, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

animals

Which of the following paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?

haustoria and arbuscles

The black bread mold (Rhizopus) is ___, which means that it is self-sterile.

heterothallic

All fungi share which of the following characteristics?

heterotrophic

The cells of a body of a multicellular fungus are organized into rapidly growing individual filaments called

hyphae or mycelium