Fungi

Hyphae are classified as either (2)?

1. Septate (having cell walls separating cells, nuclei are restrained within individual cells by cell walls) 2. Aseptate (without cell walls, cytoplasm and nuclei can flow freely along the length of the filament)

Fungi are classified into one of four groups

1. Zygomycetes (Zygomycota, conjugation fungi ) 2. Ascomycetes (sac fungi) 3. Basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota, club fungi) 4. Deuteromycetes (deuteromycota, fungi imperfecti)

Fungi Zygomycetes asexual reproduction

1.Asexually produce spores at the tips of reproductive hyphae called sporangiophores Fruiting body = sporangium Hyphae lift the spores above the mycelial mat where they can be carried away by the wind

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances, usually plant or animal matter.

Fungi Ascomycetes

Sac fungi includes yeasts and some mushrooms (morels, truffles, and many economically important plant pathogens ) approximately 30, 000 species

pseudohyphae

Some species of fungi yeasts do not produce buds that readily detach from each other, producing long strands of connected cells ex. Candida albicans

Mycology

The Study of Fungi

What makes fungi important in recycling nutrients within ecosystems

The ability to decompose complex macromolecules like lignin & cellulose (Plant cell wall component) and chitin (insect skeletal material) makes the fungi important in recycling nutrients within ecosystems

Hypha

The individual filaments (long thin strands) of molds

Fungi Zygomycetes sexual reproduction

The sexual spore of the zygomycota is called the zygospore The zygospore forms when the haploid gamete of a + strand fuses with the haploid gamete of a - strand

Basidiomycetes reproduction

The sexual spores (basidiospores) are formed by meiosis on special club-shaped structures located on the gills on the underside of the mushroom cap

Fungi Ascomycetes Sexual reproduction

When haploid structures produced by the + and - strands unite to form an ASCUS where spores are held. The ascus structure matures and ruptures to release multiple offspring

Cell walls and filament walls of mold are composed of

chitin

Ascomycetes reproduce asexually by

producing haploid conidiospores at the ends of reproductive hyphae called conidiophores

Fungi reproduce sexually or asexually

BOTH Sexual reproduction requires the presence of the two opposite mating types (+ and -)

Fungi can grow as either unicellular and/or multicellular forms?

BOTH depending on environmental and nutrient conditions

Fungi Ascomycetes Yeast produce asexually by

Budding

Fungi - Dimorphism

Can exist in two forms 1. mold (filamentous [mycelial] form) 2. yeast (unicellular)

Members of the kingdom Fungi are prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Eukaryotic

Are fungi plants or heterotrophs?

HETEROTROPHS Can't perform photosynthesis, must obtain nutrients by digesting digestive enzymes to breakdown macromolecules to be absorbed by hyphae

Fungi Basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota, club fungi)

Include mushrooms, puff balls, and sheld fungi

Fungi Deuteromycetes (deuteromycota, fungi imperfecti)

Includes all the fungi whose sexual spore has not been identified At some point this phylum will no longer exist

Rhizoids

Modified hyphae to function in anchoring the mycelium to its substrate

A visible collection of hyphae is called a

fungal body, mycelium or mycelial mat The mycelium itself is colorless

Multicellular fungi are called

molds growth is filamentous [mycelial]

Fungi are classified into one of four groups by their type of

sexual spore, or fruiting body

Fungi grow best under ph

slightly acidic conditions (pH 4 to 6) common spoilers of acidic, salty or sugary foods

Unicellular fungi are called

yeasts grow as individual cells