G&D- Ch 14

Cases of Lewy body dementia make up _____ percent of dementias in the United States. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 5 3 1 15

3

Margaret is one of the _____ percent of people age 70 or older who has visual loss because of cataracts. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 20 30 10 40

30

The average older adult sees a physician _____ times per year. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 8 12 5 3

8

Parkinson's Disease

A chronic, progressive disease that is characterized by muscle tremor and rigidity and sometimes major neurocognitive disorder; caused by reduced dopamine production in the brain.

Elderspeak

A condescending way of speaking to older adults that resembles baby talk, with simple and short sentences, exaggerated emphasis, repetition, and a slower rate and a higher pitch than used in normal speech.

Lewy body Disease

A form of major neurocognitive disorder characterized by an increase in Lewy body cells in the brain. Symptoms include visual hallucinations, momentary loss of attention, falling, and fainting.

Polypharmacy

A situation in which elderly people are prescribed several medications. The various side effects and interactions of those medications can result in symptoms typical of major neurocognitive disorder.

Secondary Aging

Accumulated consequences of what people & societies do

Life Review

An examination of one's own role in the history of human life, engaged in by many elderly people. This can be written or oral.

neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)

Any of a number of brain diseases that affect a person's ability to remember, analyze, plan, or interact with other people.

Biomarkers

Biological indicators

Plaques

Clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid, found in brain tissue surrounding the neurons.

Frontotemporal NCDs

Deterioration of the amygdala and frontal lobes that may be the cause of 15 percent of all major neurocognitive disorders. (Also called frontotemporal lobar degeneration.)

Primary Aging

Direct result of time

Calorie Restriction

Drastic reduction in calories consumed

Oldest-old

Elderly adults (usually over 85 yrs old) who are dependent on others for almost everything, requiring supportive services such as nursing homes & hospital stays

_____ affect(s) parts of the brain that regulate emotion, causing personality changes, loss of inhibitions and compassion, but not memory loss. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Multi-infarct dementia Alzheimer's disease Vascular disease Frontotemporal NCDs

Frontotemporal NCDs

Young-old

Healthy, vigorous, financially secure older adults (usually aged 65-75) who are well integrated into lives of their families and communities

Which statement could describe an elderly person engaging in life review? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Anand looks forward to his daughter's upcoming wedding. Henry is going over significant events in his life and is reinterpreting the meaning of these events. Timothy is reluctant to talk about his past with his son. Isla is planning a trip with her children and grandchildren.

Henry is going over significant events in his life and is reinterpreting the meaning of these events.

Mina is middle aged, has Down syndrome, and was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which statement regarding her illness is FALSE? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. She may have inherited one of three genes: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1, or presenilin 2. Her disease will likely progress slowly. She has trisomy-21. The disease she inherited is partly genetic.

Her disease will likely progress slowly.

Seventy-five-year-old Mrs. Rodriguez tells her physician that she cannot sleep through the night and tends to nap during the day. Her physician prescribes sleeping pills to help her sleep through the night. Mrs. Rodriguez feels worse in the morning and drowsy through the day after taking this medication. What should a well-informed physician tell Mrs. Rodriguez? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Her sleep pattern needs to be eight hours of sleep a night, and she needs to avoid naps because naps will make the problem worse. She needs to stay up later at night and sleep longer in the morning and avoid naps. Her sleep pattern is troublesome and if she does not sleep through the night, she will have health problems and need to keep taking the medication despite the side effects. Her sleep pattern is normal and napping during the day is not something to be avoided since sleep patterns at her age are not the same as those of a younger person.

Her sleep pattern is normal and napping during the day is not something to be avoided since sleep patterns at her age are not the same as those of a younger person.

Lindsay is 6 years old, has stopped growing, and has no hair and very wrinkled skin. Lindsay may have a condition known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Alzheimer's disease. Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Asperger syndrome. Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (progeria).

Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (progeria).

Agism

Idea that age determines whose a person is and therefore that people should "act their age"

major neurocognitive disorder (major NCD)

Irreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease. Formerly called dementia, major NCD becomes more common with age, but it is abnormal and pathological even in the very old.

Which comment about life review is FALSE? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. It is more social than solitary. It is simple nostalgia or reminiscence. The stories tend to be rich with interesting details and depth. Tales are about others and oneself, connecting the past and the present.

It is simple nostalgia or reminiscence.

Greta is 81 years old and has been experiencing vivid hallucinations, frequent falls, and at times she loses attention and behaves inappropriately, as if she has no inhibitions. From which is Greta MOST likely suffering? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Parkinson's disease Lewy body dementia vascular disease Alzheimer's disease

Lewy body dementia

_____ causes blindness about five years after it begins. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Cataracts Glaucoma Osteoporosis Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration

Senile

Old

Old-old

Older adults (usually over 75 yrs old) who suffer from physical, mental, or social deficits

Metabolic Syndrome

Several conditions that tend to occur together and increase one's risk of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.

Demographic Shift

Shift in proportions of pop of various ages

Telomere

The area of the tips of each chromosome that is reduced to a tiny amount as time passes. By the end of life, the telomeres are very short.

Universal Design

The creation of settings and equipment that can be used by everyone, whether or not they are able-bodied and sensory-acute.

Cellular Aging

The cumulative effect of stress and toxins, first causing cellular damage and eventually the death of cells.

Ecological Validity

The idea that cognition should be measured in settings that are as realistic as possible and that the abilities measured should be those needed in real life.

Alzheimer's disease (AD)

The most common cause of major NCD, characterized by gradual deterioration of memory and personality, and marked by the formation of plaques of beta-amyloid protein and tangles of tau in the brain.

Hayflick Limit

The number of times a human cell is capable of dividing into two new cells. The limit for most human cells is approximately 50 divisions, an indication that the life span is limited by our genetic program.

Maximum Life Span

The oldest possible age that members of a species can live under ideal circumstances. For humans, that age is approximately 122 years.

Janine is 56 years old and has been told by doctors that she has white matter lesions. Which statement is NOT true regarding these legions? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The development of the legions is more likely because Janine is over 50. The time of transmission from one neuron to another will remain the same. The lesions are a result of tiny impairments in blood flow. The time to process thoughts in the brain will now increase.

The time of transmission from one neuron to another will remain the same.

Which statement regarding the definition of wisdom is FALSE? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. In some cultures, fools can also be considered wise. A universal definition of wisdom does not exist. Each cohort has a different meaning for wisdom. Those who are wise never act foolishly.

Those who are wise never act foolishly.

Tangles

Twisted masses of threads made of a protein called tau within the neurons of the brain.

_____ design refers to the creation of settings and equipment that can be used by everyone, whether or not they are able-bodied and sensory-acute.

Universal

Vascular Disease

Vascular disease is characterized by sporadic, and progressive, loss of intellectual functioning caused by repeated infarcts, or temporary obstructions of blood vessels, which prevent sufficient blood from reaching the brain. (formerly called vascular or multi-infarct dementia.)

Maria, a 67-year-old woman, held the door for a man who replied by saying, "Thank you, young lady." Although the man may have been trying to compliment Maria, this is an example of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. selective optimization. primary aging. ageism. demographic shift.

ageism

Alice, age 75, is a gifted artist who feels that only her _____ has/have changed as a result of her being older. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ambition goals ability quality of work

ambition

To reduce the incidence of major NCD, some have suggested adding _____ to the diet. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. vitamin C vitamin D homocysteine antioxidants

antioxidants

Alexa participated in a study when she was 70 years old and did not express ageist attitudes. Alexa is now 80 years old and, according to the text, Alexa would probably: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. express ageist opinions now that she herself has aged. be less likely to become dependent should she experience a disability. have undercut her own health and intellect. be more likely to become dependent should she experience a disability.

be less likely to become dependent should she experience a disability.

Fewer _____ and increased survival rates are changing the shape of the population from a pyramid to a rectangle. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. births old people diseases people

births

Athletes are now asked to wear helmets and avoid body contact as means of preventing: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Alzheimer's disease. Parkinson's disease. vascular disease.

chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Memory and retrieval strategies, selective attention, and strategies for problem solving are all _____processes.

control

Research suggests that time of day and location (home versus lab) should be considered when measuring memory. This is referred to as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. senescence. ecological validity. face validity. ecological reliability.

ecological validity

When Dr. Black, who is 90 years old, goes to the doctor's office, the staff at the office often speak to her slowly and in a high-pitched tone. Dr. Black has perfect hearing and is mentally competent, and she often finds this behavior patronizing and insulting. Dr. Black is being subjected to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. elderspeak. phonetic speech. baby talk. oldspeak.

elderspeak

Wisdom is increased by: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. All of these answers are correct. chronological age. experiences and practice in dealing with life's problems. intelligence.

experiences and practice in dealing with life's problems.

Henry has Alzheimer's disease (AD). His daughter has recently moved him to a full-time care facility, as her father can no longer take care of himself and does not recognize her. His speech is short and simple. Henry is MOST likely in which stage of the disease? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. fifth fourth third first

fourth

Anson is 75 years old and has recently been experiencing a change in his personality. He is acting more impulsively and does not seem to care about his loved ones, to whom he has always been very devoted. While he was always frugal with his money, he is now gambling frequently and losing much of his retirement savings. He does not seem to be experiencing any physical symptoms. From which is Anson MOST likely suffering? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Lewy body dementia vascular disease frontotemporal NCD Parkinson's disease

frontotemporal NCD

Control processes that help to direct and regulate cognitive functioning include all of these EXCEPT: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. selective attention. retrieval strategies. habits. rules for problem solving.

habits

Richard, a 77-year-old man, held the door for another man who replied by saying, "Thank you, young sir." According to the text, this is example may: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. be accepted by Richard as solicitous. be accepted by Richard as a form of benevolence. be received by Richard as a compliment. influence Richard's feelings of competence.

influence Richard's feelings of competence.

Mr. Delatte is in his 70s. His grandson asks him how he feels compared with other "old people." If he is like most people his age, he will MOST likely answer that he: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. is worse off than most people his age. is preparing for his imminent death. would rather be living in a nursing home. is better off than most people his age.

is better off than most people his age.

Nikolas and Andrea are both 85 years old, have been married for over 50 years, and are extremely happy in their long-lasting relationship. According to the text, which behavior(s) would likely predict their happiness? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sexual intercourse and fantasizing sexual intercourse and kissing sexual intercourse and cuddling kissing and hugging

kissing and hugging

Roberta is in her late 80s and recently has noticed that some letters or words seem to be missing when she reads the newspaper. Based on this symptom, it is possible that Roberta may suffer from: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. macular degeneration. osteoporosis. glaucoma. cataracts.

macular degeneration.

Prejudice about late adulthood is common among people: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. of all ages. in undeveloped nations. in late adulthood. in early adulthood.

of all ages.

The final step in information processing is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. output. input. ecological validity. control

output

Ageism can target _____, but it is not recognized as readily as racism or sexism. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. children oldest old older adults people of any age

people of any age

Vascular disease can occur in all of these situations EXCEPT when a(n): Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. person has repeated TIAs. elderly person has surgery under general anesthesia. person has a brain tumor. person also has Alzheimer's disease.

person has a brain tumor.

How did Baltes and Smith study wisdom? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. analyzing IQ tests observing the elderly in nursing homes posing life dilemmas to adults of various ages performing brain scans

posing life dilemmas to adults of various ages

Based on the textbook's instruction, it is MOST reasonable to expect a _____ association between wisdom and age. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. negative near-zero positive but modest strong positive

positive but modest

Sally is 85 years old and recently fell and broke her hip. While she was in the hospital, she developed pneumonia. Sally's development of pneumonia is MOST likely due to changes associated with: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. tertiary aging. primary aging. secondary aging. senescence.

primary aging.

Remembering to refill a prescription later in the day is one example of _____ memory. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. working long-term prospective implicit

prospective

Patricia is 81 years old. Like many others her age, Patricia _____ that intercourse is the only measure of sexual experience. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. does not appreciate is appreciative that believes rejects the idea

rejects the idea

Estelle has Alzheimer's disease. Recently, her speech has become aimless and repetitive, she is experiencing more confusion, and at times gets her words mixed up. She is MOST likely in which stage of the disease? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. fifth fourth third second

second

When Rosemary accused her daughter-in-law of stealing the spatula that she herself misplaced, she was MOST likely in the _____ stage of Alzheimer's disease. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. fourth first second fifth

second

What did Erikson call the elderly cohort in his study? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. creative witnesses social entrepreneurs social witnesses creative seekers

social witnesses

Adult cognitive abilities begin to decline around age 60, and there is a particularly notable decline in: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. inductive reasoning. spatial perception and processing speed. numeric ability. word fluency and vocabulary.

spatial perception and processing speed.

Mrs. Gentry is an 82-year-old in good health and with strong social connections. She believes that her memory will begin to show a quick decline in the next year or so because she saw that occur with her mother. If Mrs. Gentry experiences stereotype threat, then it is likely that her memory will: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. slowly decline in five years or so. start to improve in the next year or so. start to show a quick decline in the next year or so. continue to function at the current level for several more years.

start to show a quick decline in the next year or so.

Seventy-six-year-old Jackson is asked to participate in a study on aging and memory. When he enters the room to take the memory test, he sees that all of the other subjects are college students. Jackson's scores end up being significantly lower than the scores of others despite having no symptoms of dementia and being known for having a good memory. Jackson's scores were affected by: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. stereotype threat. ageism. the aging threat. elderspeak.

stereotype threat.

All of Nik's cells have reached the Hayflick limit. This means that for each cell, the _____ gone, _____ stops, and Nik will die. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cellular aging is; duplication telomere is; duplication telomere is; cellular damage toxins are; duplication

telomere is; duplication

Morbidity

the inability to function normally because of a disease or condition

Input, memory, programming, and output are the components that make up: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. dementia. ecological validity. post-formal operational thought. the information-processing approach.

the information-processing approach.

Difficulty planning and offering unwanted responses are behaviors that might be seen in late adulthood due to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex with age. the shrinkage of the hypothalamus with age. an increase in brain reserve with age. the growth of the prefrontal cortex with age.

the shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex with age.

Information must cross the sensory _____ in order to be perceived.

threshold

Researchers have found that older adults who have _____ showed little or no impairment when asked to perform certain working-memory tasks. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. high IQs time and the ability to concentrate flashbulb memories brain injuries

time and the ability to concentrate

Wear-and-Tear Theory

view of aging as a process by which the human body wears out because of the passage of time and exposure to environmental stressors.