GC 4440 Midterm

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

Xerox iGen

6,600 sheets/hour (110/min) dry toner system CMYK applied, then single transfer rather than four transfers (improved registration) 2 engines in line (duplex without turning sheet) soft blanket for textured stocks (blanket conforms a bit to the surface) 14.3 x 22.5 inch sheets in-line spectrophotometer and density control

memjet

8-inch wide print head 70,400 inkjet nozzles 60 A4 pages/minute 51-inch, wide format 6-12 inches/second so fast they license their technology out sometimes they will have these mounted on the end of a web press for variable data

how accurate is the USPS on hand addressed letter mail?

98%

CASS

Coding Accuracy Support System

CGATS

Committee for Graphic Arts Standards

How is the corona treatment used during electrophotography?

Corona unit is underneath to charge the substrate with a greater charge than what is on the plate

What is the most wide-spread non-impact printing (NIP) technology?

Electrophotography

Dominant Technologies for Non-Impact Printing (NIP)

Electrostatic (electrophotography) Thermography inkjet

Electrophotographic Toner Transfer (printing)

Electrostatic forces are generated via a charge source (corona) in the printing nip the printing nip is the point of contact between the photoconductive drum and the substrate. the electrostatic transfer is assisted by direct contact with the substrate

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

Piezo Inkjet

Epson printers use this drop is generated as a result of a change of volume within the ink chamber due to a piezoelectric effect leads to drop of ink being ejected from the nozzle system ejection of ink generated by mechanical displacement in ink channel (not heating and vaporizing within ink jet system)

XML

Extensible Markup Language similar to HTML JDF Specifications define XML tags Extensible: developers can add custom tags

XMP

Extensible Metadata Platform data about data: file creation information, font used, size, extensible, barcodes, CAD, inks, layers, distortion, links, etc.

ODBC

Open Database Connectivity Method for querying a database from another computer ODBC drivers needed for each database type moderately easy to setup

plan of implementation

PASOCCI

Expanding PASOCCI

PASTA

PAVE

Presort Accuracy Validation and Evaluation

RIPs

Raster Image Processor produces the high resolution TIFF or LEN for platemaking, converts vector file into a 1-bit raster file that the platesetter understands (laser on or off) creates the halftone images

examples of industry specifications

SNAP GRACOL SWOP FIRST IQ

transfer thermography types

Thermal transfer thermal sublimation

Where is electrophotography technology used?

This technology is used in common photocopiers and laser printers, as well as high-end digital printers like indigo E-Print, Xeikon, DocuColor, Xerox I-Gen, etc.

drop-on-demand

a drop is only generated if the print image requires it

Electrophotographic imaging

a photosensitive surface (light exposure reduces the surface's resistance) is uniformly charge with static electricity. when the surface is exposed to an optical image through light, a latent or invisible image is formed for the electrostatic charge

specification

a statement containing a minute description or enumeration of particulars as of terms of a contract a specifying, or description of particulars

bound

accuracy of the test

non-dedicated digital proofing

affordable flexible easily supported offer low-cost supplies

gutter

allows droplets to be recycled

proof of preflight

allows users to view a PDF file's preflight history What GWG specifications were used and what were the results

building the bubble

an electrical pulse of 2-microseconds is applied to a resistor that raises its temperature by 1billion degrees C per second heats ink at its surface to over 300 degrees C superheated vapor explosion jet of ink leaves nozzle at 10-15 meters/second typically water based inks

Standards defined

an established, approved reference against which instrument measurements of samples are evaluated

extraneous variables

anything else that can impact the outcome if not controlled, they are threats to validity

applied vs. pure research

applied is more of an industrial setting, specific problem we are trying to address pure is academia, pushing boundary to find new things

applied research

attempt to solve a known problem an exercise in practical problem-solving

refocus employees

automate non value-added processes allow skilled employees to focus on: subjective decisions, customer service, quality assurance, learning new skill sets, other special projects

Remove wasted time

automate time-consuming, repetitive tasks minutes or seconds saved per job -- multiplied by jobs per year reduce turn-around time, increase capacity reduce cost

What is a critical aspect when getting the cost of mailing down?

automation

screening limitations

based on resolution of platesetter/imagesetter

2 types of continuous inkjet

binary-deflection multi-deflection

Proprietary

built-in connections to other systems prepress system to RIP

What are some examples of predictability in experimentation?

cause and effect relationships correlations

What does an electrode do

charges the individual drops electrically according to the image just before separation from the jet

Enterprise

company wide all functions

ink jet process

computer to print technology in which ink is sprayed from nozzles, which means that no image carrier is needed

primary ink jet technologies

continuous inkjet drop-on-demand inkjet

CASS certified software

cornerstone of barcode discounts

correlations vs. cause and effect

correlation: one doesn't cause the other, but when one happens the other usually does this is not a pure cause and effect

JDF content

customer intent file location task nodes manufacturing process info output logs

columns in database tables

data subject/category

What happens to the charged droplets

deflected in a subsequent electrical field (plate capacitor, deflector) and fed to a collecting device

internal validity

degree to which the experimental treatment made the difference as opposed to extraneous variables

reliable

degree to which the results are repeatable precision

external validity

degree to which the results can be generalized beyond the experimental conditions

Ghent PDF Workgroup (GWG)

develops best practices specifications for graphic arts workflows free specifications aid users in creating reliable, press-ready files fully optimized for print

What is the most efficient way to reach customers?

direct mail

What does the height of a line with multi-deflection inkjet depend on

distance between the ink jet head and the paper surface

thermal inkjet

done by heating the liquid ink until it vaporizes a certain quantity of ink is ejected from the nozzle as a result of the pressure exerted by the vapor bubble ("bubble jet") no moving parts except the ink itself color printers used in desktop-publishing or in an office environment 75% of inkjet printers

thermal transfer

donor sheets and receiver (carrier) sheets based on ink melting onto the carrier film when heated, transferred to the substrate under low pressure binary process

number of droplets ____ every ___ months.

doubles; 18

multi-deflection inkjet

drops receive different charges as they pass through the electric field, they are deflected in different directions and are transferred to different positions on the substrate used for sell by dates

toner

dry talc, fine powder, each pigment particle coated with wax and resin that binds it to the substrate (all particulate)

speed of printers is held back by ____

drying time on substrate

software available for workflow (high-end)

esko automation engine kodak prinergy CGS RealPro Workflow Hybrid Cloudflow

expectancy

experimenter bias

what could happens with solvent based inks for thermal inkjet

explosion could get out of hand

what should you do if the result can be attributed to chance?

fail to reject the null

Xeikon 8000

fastest toner-based printer (web based) 230 A4 full color pages per minute, printed on both sides dry toner system prints both sides simultaneously (pairs of CMYK) sheeting from 24 x 80 inches any length

JDF

job definition format XML based, open standard allows JDF-enabled devices to "talk" managed by CIP4 (cip4.org) simply a language communication between devices/systems specific to print/graphics industry

repeatability

job-to-job operator-to-operator month-to-month

soft proofing ticket

keeps track of approval status, viewing conditions when soft proof was approved, and the person who approved the proof

pure research

knowledge for the sake of knowledge what happens if...?

HP Indigo WS6000

label 98ft/min, 4/c, 197 ft/min, 1/c 7 colors, including clear varnish and/or white

Xeikon 3300

labels 19 meters/min in-line finishing: UV flexo varnishing, lamination, die cutting and stripping, hot/cold stamping can buy add ons for the back

How is the blanket electrically charged for electrophotography?

light strikes it and the blanket takes an electrical charge

HP Indigo Presses

liquid toner system (sharpest, HQ print) fuses at lower temperature (can handle polymers and versatile substrates) in-line die cutting, sheeting 7-colors for mixed spots, expanded gamut, clear varnish, white prints onto blanket, allows textured papers, offset quality dots in-line pre-coating to allow any paper

record of activity

log for what steps took place track actions searchable record real-time information

Other Technologies for Non-Impact Printing (NIP)

lonography magnetography "X"-graphy

morality

lose subjects (lose press sheets)

three legged stool analogy

mail: US Postal Service, Software, Mailing Industry

what is the most straightforward way to take care of external?

make sure you don't change between experimental and control group

design an experiment

manipulate an independent variable control all extraneous variables observe/measure the predicted effect on the dependent variable

Procedure for standards

manner or method of proceeding in a process or course of action particular way of proceeding continuance of a process or operation customary method of conducting business

control all extraneous variables

match conditions or block effects

nodes

means tasks production step activity for task to perform: input (resource), status (waiting, complete, error), task information (RIP), Settings, Output (Resource)

electrophotographic cleaning

mechanical cleaning and electrical cleaning

PAVE certified software

meet US Postal Service sortation requirements

proprietary examples

most applications we use materials machines

operationally define terms

need to speak precisely when describing issues need to provide a reference for your reader need to explain how key metrics will be accessed

electrophotographic electrical cleaning

neutralizing the electrostatic charge on the drum so it can be exposed to the next image

can you be valid without being repeatable?

no

Non-Impact Printing (NIP) Markets

no printing plates allows variable data (Print-on-demand and personalization) short run production applications proofing applications

types of data

objective subjective

continuous inkjet

only part of the continuously generated flow of small ink drops is directed onto the paper during printing in accordance with the image some of the droplets will get deflected

subjective

opinions looks better practical significance

subjective evaluation

opinions, human subjects greater threats to validity design of test instrument is critical randomization is difficult

PDF/X-1

original standard cannot contain form fields, annotations, comments, or images in any color space other than CMYK

data types for database tables

per column text, integer, floating number, boolean, date/time vary between databases

mechanical cleaning electrophotographic process

physically removes any residual toner that failed to transfer to the substrate

Tiff Compression Types

pickbits LZW CCIT Group 3 CCIT Group 4

PDF

portable document format invented by Adobe Systems in 1993 Specification available to the public that's used by people around the world to reduce the need for paper and make document exchange more efficient can be very simple or extremely complex with a rich use of fonts, graphics, color, and images

examples of de facto

postscript PDF ColorSync

threats to external validity

pre-testing differential selection experimental procedures

how do we minimize risk through experiments?

predictability

What information do we want during experimentation?

predictability test assumptions simply see what happens

What does a direction hypothesis do

predicts a hierarchy (more, less, lower, higher)

What does the nondirectional hypothesis do?

predicts difference

Relational Databases (RDBMS)

predominant way to organize data tables are related to each other references between table using id numbers data can be entered once and shared

PASTA

preparation analysis structure testing adoption

PASOCCI

prepare analyze stabilize optimize characterize control improve

categories of automation

preset tasks intelligent tasks decisions

Screen angles

prevent moire keep angles 30 degrees apart yellow angle at 15 degrees apart

fixed head inkjet

print head is the width of the paper greatly enhanced print production speeds make print heads that are about 8.5 inches wide print head can be wide as substrate

What is the benefit of employing technology?

print quality not a good answer because it is too vague it saves money is the same way

greyscale printheads

printhead can eject droplets of varying size

large-format ink jet printing systems

printing large format products such as posters and large-scale advertising displays widths of 135 cm are common, there are systems for printing widths of about 5 to 8 m this is a big advantage for inkjet

dedicated digital proofing

produce colors that more accurately reflect press capabilities offer specialized prepress features such as halftone patterns, calibrated inks, and pre-defined press profiles tend to be more expensive use proprietary consumables often only work in combination with dedicated preprocessing hardware and software and may not support your specific press

What is the process of going through CGATS?

proposal submitted to committee accepted proposals go to subcommittee (development) draft written cycles of review and revision goes to all members for vote approved final goes to ANSI

4 types of standards

proprietary de facto industry specifications formal

JDFs goal

provide a common language between all devices and systems in a printing workflow, facilitating easier automaton between them

the parts of a standard

published book containing: definitions normative references procedures annexes

fixing unit for electrophotography

put in bath to control the image coming forward to control how dark it is, waxes and resins melt and bond to the paper

User friendly database technologies

quick learning curve (consumer) Filemaker Pro Microsoft Access, Excel

fuser for electrophotography

quite hot; will char the paper if it gets jammed in it

randomization

random selection reduces threats of regression, differential selection, and interactions of factors want to get as random a sample as possible

what can a USPS certified mailing software do?

reduce processing costs reduce postage costs increase response rates improve deliverability increase efficiencies of production equipment facilitate participation in USPS Address Updating Programs and Improve Mailing Acceptance

How do you develop research questions

reduce the issue to key points operationally define terms: how are they measured

print quality

registration color matching tonality pop/look flat resolution print contrast

Light discharge for Electrophotography

reimage it every time no matter how many copies you are making of the exact same thing

What should you do if the probability of the result occurring is small?

reject the null

benefits of workflow systems (5Rs)

remove wasted time reduce errors refocus employees record of activity repeatability

Robust database technologies

require IT professionals enterprise MySQL PostgreSQL Microsoft SQL SAP Oracle

dressable

resolution of the areas can be charged with the one right beside it not charged

constraints for database tables

restrictions placed on data in each column

What does the high-frequency excitation via a piezooscillator do?

results int he constriction of the stream due to fluid dynamics-related effects and the separation of individual drops from the stream

core function of the postal delivery service

safe, reliable, affordable delivery of mail and packages to every address in America and its territories

preset tasks

same settings, repeatable action

automation engine "ticket"

saved parameters for a task or workflow

US to ISO

scheduled review of standard calendar date for discussion at specified meeting location results of discussion documented and distributed another cycle of reviews and revision ballots for vote of approval

automation engine "launch"

send a file (PDF) to start processing on a Ticket or Workflow

automation engine "workflow"

series of tasks in specific order

automation engine "parameter"

setting in a task. can be fixed or variable based on job/file

intelligent tasks

setting varied using data from job/file

HP Indigo 750

sheetfed 120 A4 full-color pages/min 7 colors automated calibrations in-line coating to allow any paper

PDF/X-3

shifts a great deal of responsibility from the back end to the front end of the production process can use spot colors as well as CMYK, RGB, and LAB color space permits ICC color management suitable for file output on digital presses worldwide

Real world significance of PDF/X and GWG

shifts prepress responsibilities upstream to the customer/print buyer documents that are printable anywhere in the world, with minimal variation and quality problems one-stop checkpoint for process-specific requirements in PDF creation new initiatives provide opportunities for workflow enhancement/automation

What can be automated?

shirt tail bearer bars/color patches job identification trapping screening curve application file handling workflow routing layout/step & repeat plate distortion proof verification

PDF/X

shorthand way of specifying most of what you need to tell people in order for them to create a file that's likely to print correctly when they send it to you, even if they do not understand the details of what it's doing for them

automation engine "task"

single action such as trapping or RIP

pico liter

size of the droplet 1 pico liter = 10 to the -12 liters or 1/100,000,000,000 of a liter

____ the droplet, the more it takes to cover the substrate

smaller

departmental

smaller scope group of related functions

Automation engine "job"

special folder containing files (PDFs) and associated data. shows up as a Blue Folder in AE Pilot

SQL

structural query language ways of pulling data from one another

pre-testing

subjects become sensitized to test (clues)

maturation

subjects change (learning)

regression

subjects chosen for extreme characteristics

differential selection

subjects chosen for particular knowledge or ability

PDF/X-1a

subset of PDF/X-1 supports only CMYK and spot color workflow targeted to a specific output device all fonts embedded color management not allowed added spot colors with this one

direct thermography

substrate coating changes color with heat often used in fax machines and for labeling/coding purposes, such as labels or receipts

direct thermography

substrate coating changes color with heat often used in fax machines and for labeling/coding purposes, such as labels or receipts not a high-resolution system

PDF/X-2

superset of PDF/X-3 more flexible than PDF/X-1 can be in the LAB & CMYK color space not for blind transfers for situations when there is more communication between the supplier & the receiver of the file

Standard

that which is set up and established by authority as a rule for the measure of quantity, weight, extent, value, or quality applies to any definite rule, principle, or measure, established by authority

What are the advantages of workflows?

the 5 Rs Remove wasted time reduce errors refocus employees record of activity repeatability

Who are the only ones that can actually get to every single address in the US

the USPS manpower, network, infrastructure and logistical capability

transfer thermography

the colorant is in the form of a donor sheet colorant transferred to the substrate either directly or through application of laminates heat is applied to the donor sheet to create the image process is either one of transfer via direct contact or sublimation

binary deflection

the drop has one of two charge states (namely uncharged for conveyance to the paper and charged for deflection in the electrical field) used for graphic arts applications

Landa Nanography

unique digital printing platform using nano-sized pigments being pitched by Landa (Benny Landa invented the Indigo aka first commercial digital press) highspeed offset inkjet inkjet onto a blanket dried ink film laminated onto the substrate

keys in database tables

unique integer identifier for each row

PDF/X-4

universal proof of pre-flight audit trail records whether or not a preflight check was performed and what standards were used checks on line weights, image resolution, font compatibility updated ICC profiles

control group

use of matched group not exposed to experimental treatment reduces threats of history, maturation, instrumentation, and interactions of factors

"tap test"

used on window envelopes, check the insert motion, piece is tapped on the left, right and bottom

islands

very small scope single function

piezoelectric crystal

vibrating and creates vibrating forces within the liquid

HP Indigo W7200

web press 12.5 x 38.5 inch sheets 14,400 4-color pages/hour (dual engine) 27# text- 130# cover stocks 7 color system

imprinting

when they put the dates on things

reduce errors

with repetition, there is increased opportunity for error automate number-intensive or objective tasks manual entry of numbers objective decisions are programmable error reduction leads to cost savings

What does compression do for speed

would make files move faster became less and less of an issue because our machines can handle large files now

can you be reliable without being valid?

yes; you could screw the thing up and have it consistently wrong

instrumentation

instruments drift, poor procedures, fatigue, failure to record data properly, poor survey design

validity

is it accurate? degree to which the result, instrument, or experimental design does what it is designed to do accuracy

Why do we want to improve efficiency

it is profitable

MIS

Management Information System

printing nip

(not NIP) point of contact between the photoconductive drum and the substrate

how many droplets does it take to cover 1 square inch of substrate

1 million

TIFF/LEN

1-bit, high resolution tiff (on/off file) "digital film" one per color Esko LEN file drives digital platesetter

Electrophotographic process

1. imaging 2. inking/developing 3. Toner Transfer (printing) 4. Toner Fusing/Fixing 5. Cleaning

Scientific method

1. observation, define the problem 2. develop theory 3. make prediction, formulate hypothesis 4. test hypothesis via experiment 5. interpret the results

how many droplets can printers lay down per second

100 million

2005 HP Photosmart 8250 how many droplets/sec

100 million from 3900 nozzles in a single silicon chip

how accurate is the USPS on machine printed mail?

100%

Canon imagePRESS 7000

13 x 19 inch sheets 70 pages per minute not as much differentiation good workhorse, reliable printers

2000 how many droplets/sec?

20 million

When was the intelligent barcode system implemented

2013

Standard settings of RIP in the Workflow

2400 dpi, right reading

HP Indigo 10000

29 x 21 inch paper (B2) 3,450 sheets per hour 4/0 4,600 sheets per hour 3/0 in Enhance Productivity Mode 1,725 sheets per hour 4/4 6,900 sheets per hour 1/0

Igen 150

3,000 26" 4/0 sheets per hour (150 8.5" x 11"/A4 impressions per minute) 4,500 11" x 17"/A3 4/0 sheets per hour 8,250 8.5" x 11"/A4 sheets per hour

innovative interface of landa nanography

3-meter touch screen operator control on either side of press screen lifts to allow access to press components 13,000 sheets per hour 600 ft per hour

HP T300

30-inch web at 400 ft/min 10 rows of 7 4.25 inch printheads in an overlapping pattern for 29-inch print width pre-coating allows wide variety of substrates to be printed good for text book applications set up the web and run signatures you could have variable content in advertisements for trade booklets

Kodak NexPress

5 colors: clear coatings/spots, tactile print climate controlled internally versatile substrates, weights color calibration systems 120 pages/min first ones to move past CMYK coat inks spot colors has own climate control

Halftone Types

AM or FM Hybrid Special (HD, etc.) solid density (microcell) highlight

Thermography

Direct Transfer kind of going out right now (digital has taken over) use heat to transfer image to substrate

What does the RIP need to know?

Dot Gain Compensation (DGC) Resolution Screen Angles LPI Halftone type (dot shape) Orientation Right Reading/Wrong Reading Output location

history

unexpected events during the experiment (stuff happens)

What is the principle of the nozzle system based on?

Hertz technology enables a high frequency stream of drops to be created the pressurized liquid is pressed out of the nozzle

CIP4

International Cooperation for the Integration of Processes in Prepress, Press & Postpress Organization XML format

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

JMF

Job Messaging Format communications between systems the "active" part of JDF

JDF Devices and Systems

MIS/ERP Prepress Software Proofing Software Presses Finishing Equipment

How many times is the photoconductive surface imaged during electrophotography?

The surface is cleared after each image and imaged again for the next copy

who enforces the federal laws protecting the US Mail?

US Postal Inspection Service

USTAG

United States Technical Advisory Group

Hotfolders

Watched folder file placement triggers scripted action common in proofing systems very easy to setup initiates workflow that you built

Who was electrophotography developed for?

Xerox Corporation

Major Players in Electrophotographic printing

Xerox iGen Kodak NexPress Xeikon Canon imagePRESS HP Indigo Konica Minolta Ricoh

Why do we perform experiments?

find answers improve your process develop new markets minimize risk

de facto

generally accepted something that someone has developed but we get free because of connectivity

Intelligent Mail Barcode (IMb)

generates the barcodes

decisions

govern flow, which tasks to take, which settings

What does workflow software do?

handle common tasks automatically use stored information to complete tasks server-client model: off-loads computing, consistency among users

objective

hard data objective measurement

Electrophotographic Toner Fusing/Fixing

heat and pressure are employed to melt the toner in order to adhere it permanently to the substrate

thermal sublimation

heat evaporates the die and initiates a diffusion process onto the paper this requires a special polymer coating on the substrate to take on the diffused colorants several gray values can be produced per dot depending on the quantity of ink diffused the process is controlled by the temperature and/or the duration of the heating signal

threats to internal validity

history maturation morality pre-testing instrumentation regression differential selection expectancy

non high end software for workflow

hotfolders Apple Automator Action Lists

ZIP + 4 and DPV encoding of mailing list address

identify missing or wrong addresses and flag it so you can pull from the database

statistically significant

if the probability of the result occurring by chance is small

nano-pigments

improved color strength (high surface area ratio, high transparency) water-based inks, jetted onto heated offset blanket very thin ink films (dry on blanket, transfer as dry polymer film for sharp dots and no absorption into substrate) reduced drying costs due to thin film thin film preserves the gloss of substrate (won't conform to texture of sheet)

null hypothesis

in providing your hypothesis (confirming your prediction), the assumption you must overcome is that there is no difference

how do we improve our process with experiments?

increase efficiency remove waste improve quality

the writing height ____ as the spacing ____, although the resolution with be ____.

increases, increases, reduced

manipulate an independent variable

independent variable is the experimental treatment

rows in database tables

information records

What kind of data would we want to store?

ink and screening information platemaking step and repeat dielines

binary process

the optical density of the print is set in advance by producing the donor with a specified thickness of layer, pigment concentration, and hue

Who has the world's largest retail network?

the postal service

Electrophotography

the printing process that uses electric charges to create an image on a photoconductive surface that acts as the printing plate

What is the resolution in the direction of printing determined by

the speed of the substrate and the drop frequency

Non-Impact Printing (NIP)

theoretically no contact between the printer and the substrate, except for drums and/or belts that carry the computer-generated image and transfer it to the substrate most use toner that is attracted to the substrate by an electric charge rather than impact mechanism

types of drop-on-demand

thermal inkjet piezo inkjet

Why is Ghent Workgroup necessary when we have PDF/X

these go much further: recommended best practices for a specific market or process magazine/newspaper advertising, sheet offset, web offset, publication gravure, packaging different requirements depending on "output intent"

What is different about the channel walls in the Piezo Ink jet system

they are deformed produces a pumping/suction action in one channel and an ejection action in the adjacent channel

why was there a need for data exchange among Equipment Manufacturers & Users of highend prepress systems?

to increase productivity and efficiency through communication

How does the toner work in electrophotography?

toner attaches to the charged areas and then is transferred to the paper as it goes through the printer

Electrophotographic inking/developing

toner, either a fine powder or suspended in a liquid, is spread over the surface the toner adheres only to the charged areas, thereby making the latent image visible


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