GCD 3033 Ch. 1

What do eucaryotic cells have that procaryotes lack?

A nucleus and other internal organelles

What is the cell theory?

All cells are formed by the division of preexisting cells.

Which model organism is the simplest and best used to study programmed cell death? Select one: a. E. coli Incorrect b. yeast c. C. elegans

C. elegans

Which organelle is a stack of flattened membrane-enclosed sacs, functioning in receiving and often chemically modifying the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then directing them to the exterior of the cell or to various locations inside the cell?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles is an irregular maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by a membrane that functions as the site where most cell membrane components, as well as materials destined for export from the cell, are made? Select one: a. The Golgi apparatus Incorrect b. The endoplasmic reticulum c. Lysosome d. Peroxisome e. Mitochondrion

The endoplasmic reticulum

What mediates the exchange of materials between the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, the lysosomes, and the outside of the cell?

Vesicles

Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components within the cell, helping to determine its chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the environment. Remarkably, all of the different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20 __________. By linking them in different sequences, the cell can make protein molecules with different conformations and surface chemistries, and therefore different functions.

amino acids

In which type(s) of cells can a Golgi apparatus be found? (Select all that apply.) Select one or more: a. animal cell b. plant cell c. bacterial cell

animal cell, plant cell

In which type(s) of cells can a mitochondrion be found? Select one or more: a. animal cell b. plant cell c. bacterial cell

animal, plant

Which of the following are procaryotes? Select one: a. Plants and animals b. Animals and archaea c. Archaea and bacteria d. Bacteria and fungi

archaea and bacteria

Despite the differences between eucaryotic and procaryotic cells, procaryotes have proteins that are distantly related to eucaryotic actin filaments and microtubules. What is likely to be the most ancient function of the cytoskeleton?

cell division

The largest single compartment in most cells is the ______

cytosol

Which organelle is an irregular maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by a membrane that functions as the site where most cell membrane components, as well as materials destined for export from the cell, are made?

endoplasmic reticulum

T/F: Animal, plant, fungal, and bacterial cells all possess cell walls.

false

T/F: In plant cells, a tough cell wall takes the place of a cytoskeleton.

false

T/F: Mitochondria are not present in plant cells.

false

T/F: Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from anaerobic bacteria.

false

T/F: Procaryotes store their genetic information in a nucleus.

false

What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical human cell?

micrometers

Which of the following organelles has both an outer and an inner membrane? a. endoplasmic reticulum b. mitochondrion c. lysosome d. peroxisome

mitochondrion

Which model organism is the simplest and best used to study immunology? Select one: a. mouse b. Arabidopsis c. yeast

mouse

The __________ __________ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

nuclear envelope

Which of these structures cannot be resolved with a conventional light microscope? Select one: a. Ribosome b. Mitochondrion c. Bacterium d. Nucleus

ribosome

Does yeast have a nucleus?

yes

T/F: At a molecular level, the members of the two domains of procaryotes—the archaea and bacteria—differ as much from each other as either does from the eucaryotes.

true

Which of the following are procaryotes? Select one: a. Plants and animals b. Animals and archaea c. Archaea and bacteria d. Bacteria and fungi

Archaea and bacteria

How long ago is it estimated that the common ancestor for all of life existed?

Between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years ago

Which of the following organelles is a small, irregularly shaped organelle in which intracellular digestion occurs? Select one: a. The Golgi apparatus b. The endoplasmic reticulum c. Lysosome d. Peroxisome e. Mitochondrion

Lysosome

Which organelle is a small, irregularly shaped organelle in which intracellular digestion occurs?

Lysosome

Which of the following organelles is a stack of flattened membrane-enclosed sacs, functioning in receiving and often chemically modifying the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then directing them to the exterior of the cell or to various locations inside the cell? Select one: a. The Golgi apparatus b. Lysosome c. Peroxisome d. Mitochondrion e. Nucleus

The Golgi apparatus