GDB Midterm Exam Ch. 4

Which scenario demonstrates a mores?

It is against the law in the U.S. to commit theft.

When discussing Islam, the Koran actually promotes _____.

free enterprise

There is a _____ one-to-one relationship between a society and a nation-state.

non-strict

In the United States, a person accused of a crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. This guideline is an example of a _____.

norm

In business today, "Zen" is equated to

ordinary nothingness.

When Kendall was asked to describe the relationship between the countries of Denmark, Finland, and Norway, she replied that the people of those countries all shared a common set of values. In other words, Kendall considered this group of countries as a _____.

society

What is a characteristic of a typical business based in Japan?

Individuals strongly identify with their company.

______ are norms that are more widely observed and are often so important they are enacted in law.

Mores

Which situation demonstrates how a folkway can create complications in business?

Natalie's meeting with the overseas executive was postponed by 30 minutes because the executive felt finishing his phone call was more important.

What are three advantages of learning the native language when conducting international business?

Prevent major blunders through improper translation. People prefer to speak in their own language. You can build rapport more easily.

According to Weber, thrift, efficiency and hard work are the result of a person's belief in the ethics of which religion?

Protestantism

Which major Christian organization accounts for more than half of its members?

Roman Catholic

What are two implications of culture in international business?

There is a need to develop cross-cultural literacy. There is a connection between culture and ethics.

Max Weber attributed the relationship between the emergence of ______ and Protestantism to the value system of the religion.

capitalism

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

The focus on individual religious freedom associated with Protestantism may have set the stage for

entrepreneurship.

At a dinner meeting in Japan, two executives sat down, leaving the middle seat open for their third associate, even though it meant one of them would have to get up to let him in. This is because, in Japan, the middle seat is reserved for the most senior member of the group. This is an example of a

folkway.

The dynamism associated with the U.S. economy is a result of the philosophy of ______.

individualism

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of _____.

inherited social status

The economic principles of Islam prohibit a bank from paying or receiving _____.

interest

In Islamic banks, a mudarabah contract is a way for the bank to

make money.

According to Hofstede, in a _____ culture, sex roles are sharply differentiated.

masculine

A(n) ___ is an organized group of people who share a common set of values and norms.

society

In historic British society, who was included in the middle class?

those who worked in professional occupations

In a caste system, change in position is _____ during one's lifetime.

usually not possible

Muslim countries are receptive to international businesses that

comply with Islamic business practices.

Class ______ is an awareness of one's social or economic rank in society.

consciousness

When the new neighbors moved in, Naghma told her family it would be appropriate for them to make a batch of cookies and take them over to the neighbors and introduce themselves. This social convention is an example of a(n) _____.

folkway

Drivers who live in cities often do not acknowledge other drivers without cause, while in more rural areas, drivers will often give each other a quick wave. These routines are examples of

folkways.

Some equate Protestantism with the entrepreneurial spirit because Protestantism

gave individuals freedom to develop their own relationship with God.

Max Weber advocated that the Protestant ethic was associated with the importance of _____.

hard work

The _____ degree of social mobility in the U.S. limits the impact of class background on business operations.

high

Islam is a ______ religion, believing in one true God.

monotheistic

A ______ contract allows a Muslim bank to share in the profits of a project when loaning money to business.

mudarabah

In post-independence India, some think that the values of Hindu asceticism and self-reliance advocated by Gandhi had a(n) ______ impact on economic development.

negative

What has made a major contribution to society's emphasis on extended social groups?

social media

A class system is characterized by the fact that a person can move from one ______ to another.

social strata

Class mobility is more likely to be achieved in

the United States.

The convergence hypothesis is based on the idea that

the divergence of cultures across the world has lessened the degree of cultural variation.

What is the best description of the labor-management relationship in an organization based in Confucian culture?

Cooperation is achieved at a lower cost.

What are three characteristics of Confucianism?

1. High moral standards 2. Loyalty to others 3. High ethical conduct

In terms of numbers of members, what are the four religions that dominate the world today?

1. Hinduism 2. Islam 3. Buddhism 4. Christianity

What are three rituals associated with orthodox Muslims?

1. Muslims are forbidden to consume alcohol. 2. Muslims participate in a daily prayer ritual. 3. Muslims are forbidden to consume pork.

The orthodox Muslim is required to pray ___ times a day.

5

True or false: According to the Koran, the receipt of interest within the banking system is considered suitable for businesses but not individuals.

False

How would sociologists describe the class system in British society today?

The class system still exists and "money still begets money."