GE CCC Exam
% Motor Load
%ML = (TML/TDL)*100 % ML = ( Total Motor Load (kW) / Total Demand Load (kw)) * 100
Types of Standard Bridges: ACROW 700X
- Can be emplaced by hand or mechanical means (crane) - MLC 120 tracked / 120 wheeled; 170 foot span
Describe the steps to asses an airfield
- Ensure security is emplaced - Airfield Assessment Team links up at AA at the TE (trail edge) of the FLS or airstrip - Assessment team runs the length of the airstrip marking obstacles with chemlights, annotating obstacles on airfield sketch and determine MOS - Once assessment is complete, assessment teams links up with runway clearance element to select the best MOS and begin clearance of identified MOS. Removing UXO's vehicles, mines, and wire - LE PLT de-riggs equipment and begins ADR
Bridge Classification Methods: Expedient Classification
- Hasty Method: A hasty classification is the most expedient but inaccurate classification method. It is based on how many and what types of civilian vehicles cross a bridge regularly. - Rapid Field Classification Booklet: (GTA) 5-7-13 Provides a rapid field method of establishing bridge capacity in the field, but only as a temporary measure.
Types of Standard Bridges: Logistics Support Bridge (LSB) aka Mabey Johnson
- LSB can be transported by numerous means (flatbed trailer, PLS, etc.) - LSB can be emplaced by hand or mechanical means (crane) - MLC 80T/110W; 160 ft span; normal crossing
Cable-Stayed Bridges
- Look similar to suspension bridges - Cables are attached to towers - Used mainly for long spans
Types of Non-Standard Fixed Bridges: Arch Bridges
- Oldest type - Natural strength -Most efficient structural shape -Curved structure supporting the deck -Typically span 200-800 ft.
Construction Projects can be broken down into three types:
- Permanent • Life expectancy greater than 25 years • Low maintenance cost • Only executed by USACE - Semi-permanent • Life expectancy between 5 and 25 years • Only executed by USACE • Troop construction may be used - Temporary • Life expectancy less than 5 years • Can be easily removed • Typical troop construction
Types of Non-Standard Fixed Bridges: Suspension Bridges
- Roadway hangs from cables - Cables ride freely across Towers - Span distances 2000-7000ft - Tend to be the most expensive
Beam Bridge Types
- Timber Stringer - Steel Stringer (Multi-Girder Bridge) - Steel Girder (2 Girder Bridge) - Reinforced Concrete (Slab or T-Beam) - Box Girder (Concrete or Steel) -Pre-Stressed Concrete -Truss Bridges
Concrete Advantages
-Fireproof -Watertight -Economical -Easy to Make -Surface Continuity -Solidity
Concrete Disadvantages
-Low Tensile Strength -Thermal Movement -Drying Shrinkage and Moisture Movements -Creep -Permeability
Additional showers or laundry exchanges per week daily requirement
1 shower or laundry exchange uses 17.5 gallons
Based on a storage tank that can hold 5,000 gallons of water and a base camp of 150 people, what is the maximum number of showers the water tower can support per day?
1. Calculate TDD (total daily demand): 5 gpd(personal use) + 5gpd(laundry) * 150 PAX = 1500 gpd for personal/laundry use (per TO standard) 2. 5,000 gal capacity - 1500 gpd = 3,500 gals remaining for showers 3. 3500 gal / 17.5 gal/shower = 200 showers/day
Describe ADR to make the airfield operational
1. Clear debris - All debris exceeding 12 inches must be removed or reduced in size 2. Identify upheaval - Front, rear, and target stanchions - How to identify on ground? Chalk or spray paint - Paint or chalk is used to mark the boundary between the upheaved area and the "ok" area. 3. Remove upheaved pavement within spray painted area - Use IHMEE, jack hammer, dozer, or loader to break up and move concrete - Stack to side no more than 3 feet high 4. Remove all disturbed soil - Stack to side no more than 3 feet high 5. Begin crater repair - Must not exceed max RQC (repair quality criteria) of +/- 0.74 inch - Crushed Stone Repair: overfill crater by 3 inches above surface and compact - Sand grid repair: over fill 1-2 inches above surface and compact 6. Determine type of crater repair and begin ADR - Decide on type of ADR on METT-TC (i.e. resources available, current environment, time, etc.) 7. Emplace FOD Cover - FRP matting - FRP overlaps crater edges
Types of Airfield Damage Repair
1. Crushed stone crater repair (HASTY) 2. Sand grid repair (HASTY) 3. Stone & Grout Repair 4. Concrete Repair * Stone & Groute and Concrete Repair to be used when time and resources are available and all air missions are complete
3 Types of Crushed Stone Crater Repair (Hasty)
1. Debris backfill crater 2. Choke ballast over debris crater 3. Choke ballast repair
USACE Contingency Elements (UCE)
1. FEST-A or RT (Forward Engineer Support Team-Advance or Reconnaissance Team) 2. Advanced Echelon (ADVON) Team 3. Contingency Engineer District (CED)
List solutions if: # of allowable passes < # of required passes
1. Install matting (light-duty or medium duty) 2. Increase CBR 3. Recommend to switch air frames
An airfield with an AI of 5 needs to extend it's life up to 5,000 passes from a C-17 for long-term use. What should happen?
1. Install matting (medium-duty) 2. Increase CBR 3. Pave using concrete or asphalt 4. Recommend different air frame *Long-term use = paved or concrete
All elements of: Construction Activity (JCMS)
1. NSN's 2. Resources 3. Drawings 4. Support Files 5. TOGs (Theater Oriented Guide Specifications) - Describe the processes, procedures and construction standard for the associated sequence. - Ex. Masonry specifications
Water Distribution: Engineer Responsibilities
1. Reconnaissance of possible water sources and estimate quantities available. 2. Recommend well-drilling sites. 3. Construct wells. 4. Design and construct a water distribution system. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR: 1. Water Treatment 2. Distribution of water by means other than fixed distribution systems
Two Levels of Quality Control (QC)
1. Unit - The unit's QC manager and assigned QC specialists perform and direct activities to execute the unit-level QC program. 2. Project - Project managers and project supervisors perform and direct activities to develop an individual project QC plan.
Recommended Pipe Velocity
2 - 10 fps
CDR's Guidance Rules - The water for showers or laundry exchange is:
2/per week is 5 gals/day
Facility Pressure: TO Standard
20 psi minimum 120 psi maximum
Concrete Paste
20% - 40% of concrete Components: Water Portland cement Air
CDR's Guidance Rules - Minimum water requirements for sustainment is:
5 gals/person/day
1 hp = ____ watts
746 watts = 1 hp
Weight of water: lbs per gallon and lbs per cubic foot
8.33 lbs per gallon 62.4 lbs per cubic foot Don't use sea water - reduces the concrete strength 10% to 20%.
Real Property
A building, structure, utility system, or land. In garrison, Real Property is managed by the Department of Public Works (DPW)
Hydration: A chemical reaction between ___ and ___, which hardens concrete
A chemical reaction between Portland cement and water that causes concrete to harden to a stone-like condition
Bridge Classification Methods: Correlation-Curve Classification
A direct correlation between known civilian design loads and an equivalent MLC can be made by equating the respective design criteria and the vehicle's load effects Use the design load and the span length to determine a temporary MLC using the correlation curves shown in Figures 3-1
Quality Assurance
A planned and systematic pattern of all actions necessary to provide confidence that adequate technical requirements are established, that products and services conform to those requirements, and that satisfactory performance is achieved
Effects of W/C Ratio on the Properties of Concrete
As the W/C ratio increases it affects the following properties as follows: strength: decreases durability: decreases water tightness: decreases workability: increases
Typical Flexible-Pavement Section
Asphalt Pavement Base Subbase Select Material Compacted Subgrade
Real Estate
Authority delegated to Assistant Secretary of the Army who further delegates it to United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Real Estate is essentially a collection of real property
Types of Base Camps
Base: A locality from which operations are projected or supported (JP 3-10) Base Camp: A base camp is an evolving military facility that supports the military operations of a deployed unit and provides the necessary support and services for sustained operations. Intermediate Staging Base: A tailorable, temporary location used for for staging forces, sustainment, and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. Forward Operating Base: An area used to support tactical operations without establishing full support facilities
Types of Tactical Reconnaissance
Bridge Reconnaissance • Bridge Site Reconnaissance: access and approach roads, widths, banks, flow characteristics, stream bottoms, elevations, materials. • Existing Bride: determine whether the situation warrants emplacing a tactical, support, or LOC bridge. Route Reconnaissance • The information from route reconnaissance supports route selection decisions. Classified as hasty or deliberate. • Hasty route reconnaissance determines the immediate military trafficability of a specified route. • A deliberate route reconnaissance is conducted when sufficient time and qualified technical personnel are available. Obstacle Reconnaissance
Components of Non-Standard Fixed Bridge
Common Terminology: Memorize picture! GE 116 - Slide 17 Deck Railing Stringer Pier Abutment Wingwall
Concrete is strong in ____ not in ____
Concrete is strong in compression not in tension
Demand Load
Demand Load = Total Connected Load * Demand Factor DL = CL * DF
Forward Pass
Early Start (ES) + Duration = Early Finish (EF)
Generator Capacity
Generator Capacity = Total Demand Load * Generator Factor GC = TDL * GF
Types of Non-Standard Fixed Bridges: Beam Bridge
Horizontal beams supported at each end by piers - Simplest - Inexpensive - Most basic form
Generator Load Balancing Determine if the loads are within 10%
I (min) * 1.10 > I (max)
Essentials of Project Management
In order to have a project, you must have a defined objective: - There must be something that you specifically want to accomplish - It must be quantifiable - There must be some way to measure the success of failure - Must be a termination point
Types of Technical Reconnaissance
Infrastructure Assessment and Reconnaissance: Think SWEAT-MSO. Sewage, Water, Electricity, Academics, Trash, Medical, Safety, Other Considerations Environment Assessment: focused on collecting technical information on existing environmental conditions and identifying areas that are environmentally sensitive or of relative environmental concern. Airfield Assessment: An airfield assessment is conducted to collect detailed technical information on selected airfields and heliports. The information collected can be used to determine the airfield operating capacity and to estimate resources for repair or upgrade of the airfield and its supporting facilities. Route Classification: Route reconnaissance is normally a combat engineer task. Route classification is normally a GE task. Executing a route classification is executed as hasty or deliberate.
Backward Pass
Late Finish (LF) - Duration = Late Start (LS)
How does lead and lag effect the overall project?
Lead and lag assist in proper time management and a smooth work flow during the process.
Road Nomenclature
Memorize! GE 118 Slide 28 Through cut - to reduce slope of roadway Side Hill Cut - reduce curvature of the road Shoulder - drainage Culvert - To prevent erosion Traveled Way Fill Surface or wearing course Base Subgrade
Resource Estimating Equation
Multiply, Equals, Divide, Equals, Divide, Equals Quantity of Work * Work Rate = Standard Effort / Efficiency = Troop Effort / Crew Size = Duration Q * WR = SE/E = TE/CS = D
Power Law P = ?
P = I * E P (watts) = I (amps) * E (volts)
Cohesionless Soils: PI <= ____
PI < = 5; LL <=25 Use 95% - 100% Compaction
Cohesive Soils: PI > ____
PI > 5 Use 90% - 95% Compaction
Base Camp Duration
Phase: Contingency • Organic - Up to 90 Days • Initial - Up to 6 months • Temporary - Up to 5 years • Semi permanent - 2-10 years Phase: Enduring • Permanent - 5 years or longer
Base Camp Life Cycle
Planning and Design Construction Operations Transfer & Closure
Five Component of Concrete
Portland Cement Water Aggregates - Coarse (many types) - Fine Air Admixtures
Ohm's Law R = ?
R (ohms) = E / I
Beams: Rebar should be in areas of ___
Rebar should be in areas of tension
Reinforcement provides ___resistance
Reinforcement provides shear resistance Reinforcement needs proper depth/location, ties/overlap, and the size/shape matter
Reports
Reports should list, for each phase of control, the factual results of control actions taken, observations made, and any remedial and corrective actions. The frequency of reporting or time for submitting reports must be indicated on the Quality Control Plan
Aggregate Pavement Design: Cover Requirements Rule of Thumb #1
Rule of Thumb #1: Min. Thickness The minimum thickness for any layer of a road is 4" A = Z B = Y-A C = X - (A+B)
Aggregate Pavement Design: Cover Requirements Rule of Thumb #2
Rule of Thumb #2: Subbase 2" or less, delete and add to Base Layer 3" or more, use minimum allowable thickness A = Z B = Y-A C = X - (A+B)
Base Camp Principles
Scalability: - ability to tolerate population fluctuations and incorporate changes in the base camp mission, level of services, or force protection level, without the need for redesign. Sustainability: - ability to maintain the necessary level and duration of sustainment/logistics support to achieve military objectives. Standardization: - The Standardization of base camp policies, Service standards, guidance, system solutions, standard designs, and construction provides consistent expectations for commanders and drives the repetitive use of proven best practices and TTP Survivability: - A primary purpose of base camps is providing a protected location from which to project and sustain combat power.
Standard facility connection for the service connection (TO Standard)
Standard facility connection is a 1 inch pipe for the service connection
Bridge Superstructure
Structural components / elements of a bridge above the supports Bearing plates up Consists of deck, railings, and stringers
Bridge Substructure
Structural elements of the bridge below the bearing plates (pilings, abutments, etc)
Type of valve at Service Connection (TO Standard)
TO standard is to use a 1" Globe Valve at Service Connection
Standard Steel Reinforcing Bars
Table 6-1 NOTE: The nominal dimensions of a deformed bar are equivalent to those of a plain round bar having the same weight per foot as the deformed bar
PFactual
The actual pressure loss in a 100-foot section
Pressure at Service Connection (PSC)
The actual pressure that will be provided to the user (building or facility)
PFallowable
The allowable pressure loss in a 100-foot section
Total Float (TF)
The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying the project TF = LS - ES or LF - EF
Bridge Classification Methods: Analytical Bridge Classification
The analytical classification method is basically the reverse of the design method. The bridge already exists and engineers must determine the composition, the dimensions, and the type of construction to obtain a permanent bridge classification
Critical Path
The critical path is the longest time path through the network and is formed by joining those activities which, if delayed, will delay the project duration. Characteristics: 1. Must be continuous. 2. Determines project duration. 3. Can have more that one critical path. 4. Has no float.
Quality Control
The engineering unit's system in place during execution to manage, control, and document the unit's activities in compliance with the project plans and specifications requirement.
Interfering Float (IF)
The float which if an activity is delayed into will cause a delay in one or more activities IF = LF - Smallest ES of following nodes
Free Float (FF)
The float which if any activity is delayed into will not cause any other activity to be delayed FF = TF - IF
Pfallowable
The maximum pressure that can be lost from all sources of friction without falling below the required service-connection pressure. (Minimum service-connection pressure in the TO is 20 psi.)
Pfactual
The pressure loss from all sources of friction in a pipe segment
Define: General Engineering
Those engineering capabilities and activities, other than combat engineering, that modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment. Examples include: the construction, repair, maintenance, and operation of infrastructure, facilities, lines of communication and bases; terrain modification and repair; and selected explosive hazards activities. (ATP 3-34.40 General Engineering)
Project Components
Time: The time to complete the project, as reflected in your project schedule Money: The project budget, based on the cost of the resources (people, equipment, and materials required to do the tasks) Scope: The goals and tasks of the project and the work required to complete them
Portland Cement Type, Name, Design Strength at:
Type I, Normal, 28 Days Type II, Modified, 45 Days Type III, High-early, 7 Days Type IV, Low Heat, 90 Days Type V, Sulfate Resistant, 60 Days
Inspections
Vital Part of Controlling Quality • Measure performance against a standard • Determine the magnitude of the problem(s) • Seek the root cause(s) of the problem(s) • Determine a solution • Assign responsibility to the appropriate individuals or agencies
Water-Cement Ratio
W/C ratio is determined by the strength, durability, and water tightness requirements of the hardened concrete. Always remember that a change in the W/C ratio changes the characteristics of the hardened concrete.
Curing
keeping moisture present for concrete to continue the hydration process
Lag
• A delay between tasks that have a dependency. For example, if you need a two-day delay between the finish of one task and the start of another, you can establish a finish-to-start dependency and specify a two-day lag time [has a positive value]. • Example: Think about a concrete pad. If we were constructing our building on a concrete pad, we would want Lag to allow the pad to set before we begin erecting our building.
Lead
• An overlap between tasks that have a dependency. For example, if a task can start when its predecessor is half-finished, you can specify a finish-to-start dependency with a lead time of 50 percent for its successor [has a negative lag value]. • Example: Think about our trusses. Lead indicates that we can start constructing trusses before all of the members of every single truss have been cut
Predecessors
• Predecessors create a relationship between two tasks. •There are four conventions to linking tasks - Finish to Start (FS) - Start to Start (SS) - Finish to Finish (FF) - Start to Finish (SF)
Quality Control: Concrete
• Slump - Allowable slump depends on mix design - Does not apply if concrete contains aggregates larger than 2 inches - 1" - 3" • Moisture Deformation on Sand -Samples should be taken from 6-8 inches below surface of piled sand • Air meter -4% to 6% • Cylinders or Beams - 3 to 4 cylinders a day or every 50 cy - (1-7 day lab, 2-28 day lab, 1 field cured)
Types of Reinforcement (concrete)
• TEMPERATURE & SHRINKAGE STEEL (0.18%) - Used to keep concrete together after it cracks - Welded Wire Fabric (or) Wire Mesh placed in the top 1/3 of the slab • STRUCTURAL STEEL ( __% based on steel design) - Placed on tension & shear sides of concrete structure - Rebar: place in areas of tension. Placed 1-1/2" from the bottom of slab
Resources
•Create resources for the project - Work - Material •Assign costs to the resources •Assign resources to the tasks you have defined
Reconnaissance Support: Tools and Resources
•ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER (ERDC) •REACHBACK OPERATIONS CENTER •TELEENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT-DEPLOYABLE •TELEENGINEERING TOOLKIT •AUTOMATED ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE KIT
Performance Work Statement
•Keys to a good PWS: 1) Use performance based language 2) Prevent contractor shortcuts 3) Prevent contractor shortcuts. •Altering the contract costs a lot more money, effort and time than doing it right the first time.
Bridge Classification Methods: Hasty Classification
•This method is used only under emergency conditions and assumes a bridge classification based on the type of civilian vehicles that use the bridge. -PROCEDURE •Observe a civilian vehicle crossing bridge •Record weight in tons of vehicle and axle spacing •Check bridge to make sure it was not damaged •A military vehicle of the same weight and similar axle spacing may cross the bridge.
3 Components that make up a project
•Time: The time to complete the project, as reflected in your project schedule •Money: The project budget, based on the cost of the resources, (the people, equipment, and materials required to do the tasks) •Scope: The goals and tasks of the project and the work required to complete them
Priority of Gap Crossing
•To maintain a high momentum, the forces must use bridges in the order discussed below. 1. Existing Bridges 2. Detours/Bypasses 3. Repair/Reinforcement 4. Tactical Bridges (i.e. REBS, JAB/AVLB, Ribbon Bridge) 5. Line of Communication Bridges (i.e. Mabey Johnson and ACROW)
