GEG 112 Final Exam

What is the climate type for Yakima, Washington?

BSk

What is the climate type for Agadez, Niger?

BWh

The map below shows the velocities and directions of plate movement given in centimeters per year. How many centimeters apart are North America and Europe spreading per year?

1.8 cm/year

What is the barometric pressure on the station model labeled "H" on the map below?

1020.0 mb

On a map with a scale of 1:100,000, a measured distance of 15 centimeters represents a ground distance of ___ kilometers?

15

What is the scale of the USGS 7.5 minute topographic map of Palatine, Illinois?

1: 24,000

With the aid of an analemma what is the declination of the Sun on January 1st?

23°S

1° is approximately equal to 69 miles when measuring exactly north or south on a globe. What is the approximate distance in miles between 42°N and the Equator?

2898

You are invited to an international conference call at 2200Z. What will the local time be in Los Angeles, California (Central Meridian 120° W) when this call takes place? (Hint: Use steps in the Time PowerPoint. For Z/GMT/UTC the Central Meridian is the Prime Meridian)

2pm

How many continents does the Prime Meridian intersect?

3

Interpret the map http://bit.ly/2sNr5dZ. How many hours ahead of UTC is Kenya?

3

The model below shows Earth's orbit visualized from above the North Pole. Using your knowledge of the March of the Seasons, which position below represents the March Equinox?

4

The location marked "A" on the map below is at:

40° N, 80° W

Harper College is located at N 42º 4' 51.6" latitude & W 88º 4' 15.6" longitude. What are the coordinates of the hydrant in Decimal Degrees?

42.081,-88.071

A leaking water hydrant was reported at N 42º 15' 30" latitude & W 121º 30' 00" longitude. What are the coordinates of the hydrant in Decimal Degrees?

42.258333,121.5

On a map with a scale of 1:63,360, a measured distance of one inch represents a ground distance of _______________ feet?

5,280

A plane departs from Johannesburg, South Africa (Central Meriadian 30° E) at 8pm on Sunday for London, England (Central Meridian 0° E). What day and time will it arrive in London if the flight takes 11 hours and 40 minutes? (Hint: Use steps in the Time PowerPoint. First calculate the time at the destination when the plane departs and then add the flight time to the destination time)

5:40 am on Monday

f you are located at 25°S and 170°W, what's your new latitude and longitude if you move due north an angular distance of 20° and you move due west by 120°?

5°S, 70°E

You are asked to plan the installation of PV solar panels on the roof of the Harper College library (42°N) and you want the angle of your panels to be such that solar radiation on the winter solstice at the zenith strikes the solar panels at 90°.At what angle should the roof be pitched?

65.5°

What is the solar zenith (maximum solar altitude) on the June solstice in Palatine, Illinois (42° N). The solar zenith is the highest elevation above the horizon that the Sun will take in its path across the sky on that date.

71.5°

What is the solar zenith (maximum solar altitude) on the March equinox in Pontianak, Indonesia (0° N). The solar zenith is the highest elevation above the horizon that the Sun will take in its path across the sky on that date.

90°

The model below shows Earth's orbit visualized from above the North Pole. At the position labeled "1", which hemisphere is experiencing winter ?

Northern Hemisphere

Study the map of the super continent Pangaea below and any reference map showing the outline of today's continental land masses. The portion of Pangaea labeled "C" is the continental land mass of ________________________ today.

Africa

Why do pressure and wind belts shift north and south with the seasons?

The pressure and wind belts follow the seasonal shifts in insolation, resulting from cyclical changes in the declination of the sun

What do the rectangular black polygons on the map represent?

buildings

Which type of isoline is used to depict changes in elevation?

contour

What are the solid green tinted areas on the map?

woodland

A plane departs from Moscow, Russia (Central Meridian 45° E) at 7am on Thursday for New York City (Central Meridian 75° W). What day and time will it arrive in New York City if the flight takes 9 hours and 25 minutes? (Hint: Use steps in the Time PowerPoint. First calculate the time at the destination when the plane departs and then add the flight time to the destination time)

8:25 am on Thursday

What is the pressure trend on the station model labeled "I" on the map below?

Continuously falling

What is the climate type for Cherrapunji, India?

Cwb

Which wind belts would you use to sail from New York City to Lisbon, Portugal?

prevailing westerlies

On the model below, the winds labeled "A" are the

Trade winds

Which of the following countries are crossed by Arctic Circle?

United States of America

Air pollutants from China have been reported in the United States (http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/5615-US-cities-suffer-impact-of-downwind-Chinese-air-pollution). Which wind belts could transport pollutants from China to the west coast of the United States?

Westerlies and the polar jet stream

On the map below, generally ___________________ skies would be expected over the area "a".

clear

Find the Arlington Park Raceway. There are two natural features shown within this man-made feature. The blue colored feature is a pond. What is the other feature symbolized using a brown line with small tick marks?

depression

Within which hemispheres do you find Australia?

eastern and southern

The zone labeled "L" along the equator on the model below is the

intertropical convergent zone

Which type of mass wasting process is depicted in this photograph taken north of Fort Funston, San Mateo Coast, CA, USA. http://on.doi.gov/2euZNnR. (Note: Make sure that you have the Course Material notes available with the definitions for the different mass wasting events. Carefully compare what you see in the images to the descriptions)

landslide

Which type of mass wasting process is depicted in this photograph taken along Highway 133 near Paonia Reservoir in west-central Colorado? http://bit.ly/2edxybp (Note: Make sure that you have the Course Material notes available with the definitions for the different mass wasting events. Carefully compare what you see in the images to the descriptions)

rockfall

The atmospheric wind pattern depicted below shows a (LOW with clockwise arrows pointing in)

southern hemisphere friction layer cyclonic pattern

What is the visibility on the station model labeled "J" on the map below? (Hint: Visibility is positioned left of the present weather symbol)

1

How many types of scale can you identify on the USGS 7.5 minute topographic map of Palatine, Illinois ?

2

What is the cloud cover on the station model labeled "E" on the map below?

25%

Which of the following coordinate pairs is correct?

35° N, 75° E

What is the approximate elevation of Woodfield Mall above sea level?

740 feet

The map below shows a couple of mere slivers of water within the map of Pangaea that have since grown to be two oceans. The two slivers are labeled "Ocean A" and "Ocean B". These two oceans today are __________________________ and __________________________. (Note: Pick two oceans from the choices below).

Atlantic Indian

What is the climate type for Chicago, Illinois?

Dfa

The map below shows the velocities and directions of plate movement given in centimeters per year. San Francisco (On the North American plate) and Los Angeles (on the Pacific Plate) are 644 kilometers apart. In about how many years will Los Angeles and San Francisco be next door neighbors at the same latitude given the direction of movement along the transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates?

Distance between two cities / rate of plate movement 644km / 5.5cm/yr 644000 meters / 0.055 meters per year about 11,709,091 years

A distinguishing feature of a topographic map is the depiction of

Earth's terrain (shape)

Study the isobars on the map below and compare the winds speeds over Texas and Great Lakes. Where are the wind speeds moving faster?

Great Lakes

Which of the following countries are NOT crossed by the Prime Meridian?

Italy

Which of the following countries are crossed by Equator?

Kenya

According to the map below, which US Great Lake is located along 90° W?

Lake Superior

Which of the following countries are crossed by Tropic of Cancer?

Mexico

The map below shows the velocities and directions of plate movement given in centimeters per year. The map below shows the velocities and directions of plate movement given in centimeters per year. Which two plates are diverging at the fastest rate per year in centimeters?

Nazca and Pacific

The map below shows the velocities and directions of plate movement given in centimeters per year. In which direction is the northern portion of the Pacific plate moving?

Northwest

The national mapping agency of the Great Britain is __________________

Ordnance Survey (OS)

On the model below, the winds labeled "B" are the

Polar easterlies

What is the current weather at the location identified at the station model labeled "F" on the map below?

Rain, not freezing, continuous (slight at time of observation)

Which two of the following climate controls do you think apply to Cherrapunji, India (25°15' N, 91°44' E. Elevation 4307.7 ft above sea level)? (Hint: Study the document "climate_group_summaries.pdf" to find the controls for your chosen climate code. All possible controls for a climate group are provided, but only some may apply for a particular location. You should examine the geography of the area and surrounding region, using Google Earth in order to determine which controls apply. Local physical geography includes the presence of mountains/highlands/other elevated regions, location near or away from the coast [continental vs. maritime], prevailing winds/pressure systems [subtropical highs, trade winds, westerlies etc.], regional storms [e.g. monsoons in South Asia])

Regional storms (e.g. monsoons) Topographic barriers

Study the map below. Which geographic feature is found further to the west in Mexico, the Yucatan Peninsula or the Sierra Madres Occidental mountains?

Sierra Madres Occidental

The map below shows the velocities and directions of plate movement given in centimeters per year. The map below shows the velocities and directions of plate movement given in centimeters per year. In which direction is the western half of the North American plate moving?

Southwest

What is the projection of this map? (Hint: Examine the lower left portion of the map)

Univeral Transverse Mercator

The convectional circulation cells shown on the model below are

hadley cells

On the map below, the circled pressure center labeled "a" along in the Canadian province of Ontario depicts an area of relatively ________ pressure.

high

On the map below, the circled pressure center labeled "b" along the Missouri and Iowa border depicts an area of relatively ________ pressure

low

The atmospheric wind pattern depicted below shows a (HIGH with clockwise arrows pointing out)

northern hemisphere friction layer anticyclonic pattern

The atmospheric wind pattern depicted below shows a (HIGH with clockwise arrows)

northern hemisphere upper-air anticyclonic pattern

On the map below, generally ___________________ skies would be expected over the area "b".

overcast

USGS 7.5 and 15 minute series maps are commonly referred to as

quadrangles

Which type of mass wasting process is depicted in this photograph taken near Crookston, northwestern Minnesota. http://bit.ly/2uuOrc1 (Note: Make sure that you have the Course Material notes available with the definitions for the different mass wasting events. Carefully compare what you see in the images to the descriptions)

slump

The atmospheric wind pattern depicted below shows a (HIGH with counterclockwise arrows)

southern hemisphere upper-air anticyclonic pattern

What is the wind direction on the station model labeled "D" on the map below?

southwest

Examine the graphic scale on the USGS 7.5 minute map of Palatine, Illinois. How are the units to the left of zero used?

to represent distance intervals that are smaller than the portions to the right of zero

On the model below, the winds labeled "C" are the

westerlies

Within which hemispheres do you find Lake Michigan?

western and northern

What is the latitude of the northeast corner of this map?

42º 07' 30" N

What is the dew point temperature on the station model labeled "B" on the map below?

5

What is the wind speed on the station model labeled "C" on the map below?

5

Which topographic map neighbors the Palatine Quadrangle directly to the south?

Lombard

Study the map below, which major US city is located at approximately 30° N, 90° W?

New Orleans

The model below shows Earth's orbit visualized from above the North Pole. On the Earth model shown below with numbers, which numeral represents a sunrise position?

1

If you are located at 65°N and 135°E, what's your new longitude if you move due east through an angular distance of 105°?

120°W

According to the map below, if it is 5pm in New York City, what is the time in Honolulu, Hawaii?

12pm

How many tectonic plates can you identify on the map below? (Note: Take care not to count the plates twice)

15

If you are located at 65°N and 35°E, what's your new latitude if you move south through an angular distance of 80°?

15°S

When was the topography for this map compiled?

1988

What is the height of the cloud base at the station model labeled "G" on the map below?

2000

With the aid of an analemma what is the declination of the Sun on July 9th?

22°N

A merchant ship reported its position as 23.720674°, -51.220166°.What were the reported coordinates of the ship in Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds?

23° 43' 14.4258" N, 51° 13' 12.597" W

The model below shows Earth's orbit visualized from above the North Pole. Using your knowledge of the March of the Seasons, which position below represents the June Solstice?

3

How many miles separate the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) and the Tropic of Capricorn ( 23.5° S)?

3243

What is the solar zenith (maximum solar altitude) on January 15th in Fairbanks, Alaska (65° N). The solar zenith is the highest elevation above the horizon that the Sun will take in its path across the sky on that date

3°

Interpret the map http://bit.ly/2sNr5dZ. How many time zones does the lower 48 US states have?

4

What is the temperature on the station model labeled "A" on the map below?

40

From the highest and lowest elevations that your found for the USGS 7.5 Minute Series Topographic Map of Greasewood Springs, Arizona, what is the topographic relief for the area shown on the map? (Hint: refer to the Course Materials notes for this lab if you need to understand topographic relief)

408 feet

A parcel of air begins its descent down the leeward side of the mountain with a temperature of 50.3 degrees Fahrenheit on the mountain shown below. What is the temperature at 6000ft on the leeward side of the mountain? (Note: The DAR is 5.5°F/1000 ft and the SAR is 3.3°F/1000 ft. Need additional help? Study the PowerPoint notes for this lab and the tutorial "DAR and SAR". DAR and SAR.pdf )

52.0

Assume that a parcel of air is forced up the windward side of the mountain shown below. The initial temperature of the parcel at sea level is 80.5 °F and the LCL is at 4,000 ft. What is the temperature at 4000ft? (Note: The DAR is 5.5°F/1000 ft and the SAR is 3.3°F/1000 ft. Need additional help? Study the PowerPoint notes for this lab and the tutorial "DAR and SAR". DAR and SAR.pdf )

58.5

The map extract below shows a hill from the USGS 7.5 Minute Series Topographic Map of Greasewood Springs, Arizona. The brown lines are contours with an interval 20 feet (i.e. adjacent contours have a spacing of 20 ft). What is the lowest elevation shown on this map? (Hint: apply the contour interval from the numbered line that is closest to the box "Clue: Lowest Elevation")

5920 feet

A weather map was issued at 23:00 UTC. What is the local time in Chicago (Central Meridian is 90° W)? (Hint: Use steps in the Time PowerPoint. For Z/GMT/UTC the Central Meridian is the Prime Meridian)

5pm

The map extract below shows a hill from the USGS 7.5 Minute Series Topographic Map of Greasewood Springs, Arizona. The brown lines are contours with an interval 20 feet (i.e. adjacent contours have a spacing of 20 ft). What is the highest elevation shown on this map?

6328 feet

Assume that a parcel of air is forced up the windward side of the mountain shown below. The initial temperature of the parcel at sea level is 80.5 °F and the LCL is at 4,000 ft. What is the temperature at 1000ft? (Note: The DAR is 5.5°F/1000 ft and the SAR is 3.3°F/1000 ft. Need additional help? Study the PowerPoint notes for this lab and the tutorial "DAR and SAR". DAR and SAR.pdf )

75.0

A parcel of air begins its descent down the leeward side of the mountain with a temperature of 50.3 degrees Fahrenheit on the mountain shown below. What is the temperature when the parcel of air reaches sea level (0 ft) on the leeward side of the mountain? (Note: The DAR is 5.5°F/1000 ft and the SAR is 3.3°F/1000 ft. Need additional help? Study the PowerPoint notes for this lab and the tutorial "DAR and SAR". DAR and SAR.pdf )

85.0

Using your knowledge of adiabatic processes explain the movement and modification of a parcel of air as it moves up the windward side of the Olympic Mountain (step 1) on the diagram below. Your description must include meaningful use of the terms; adiabatic cooling or adiabatic warming, windward or leeward, LCL, DAR, SAR. (Very Important: Your response must demonstrate an understanding of adiabatic processes. The response should also exhibit good sentence structure, avoid grammatical errors, and be without superficial responses. Superficial responses that do not show a grasp of adiabatic processes will not receive any points). Need help with the basic facts? Study the PowerPoint notes for this lab and the tutorial "DAR and SAR".

Adiabatic processes are processes of cooling or warming without gaining or losing heat. In this image, the windward side is the left side as that is where the air mass is coming from. The windward side is where the cloud is located, which is typical of windward sides as they usually have more precipitation than leeward sides. Since the left side is the windward side, the right side is the leeward side. The leeward side faces away from the wind, same as with this image, and is dryer, as seen here since it has no clouds. Abiotic cooling and heating are dependent on whether the parcel of air is increasing in altitude or decreasing in altitude. If a parcel is decreasing altitude, adiabatic warming is occurring. On the other hand, if a parcel is increasing altitude, the parcel is experiencing adiabatic cooling. How much a parcel cools or warms depends on where the air is moving in relation to the Lifting Condensation Level or LCL. The LCL is the dew point or where condensation begins for a parcel of air. If a parcel of air is below the LCL is will cool at the Dry Adiabatic Rate or DAR. Once the parcel or air hits the LCL, it will begin cooling at the Saturated Adiabatic Rate, or SAR. As a parcel of air rises it will cool at the DAR of 10 degrees Celsius per 1000 meters or 5.5 degrees Fahrenheit per 1000 feet. When the parcel hits the LCL, it will begin cooling at the SAR of 6 degrees Celsius per 1000 meters or 3.3 degrees Fahrenheit per 1000 feet.

Which two of the following climate controls do you think apply to Chicago, IL, USA (41°59'10 N, 87°54'51 W. Elevation: 597.1 feet above sea level)? (Hint: Study the document "climate_group_summaries.pdf" to find the controls for your chosen climate code. All possible controls for a climate group are provided, but only some may apply for a particular location. You should examine the geography of the area and surrounding region, using Google Earth in order to determine which controls apply. Local physical geography includes the presence of mountains/highlands/other elevated regions, location near or away from the coast [continental vs. maritime], prevailing winds/pressure systems [subtropical highs, trade winds, westerlies etc.], regional storms [e.g. monsoons in South Asia])

Continental air masses Westerlies

Which type of mass wasting process is depicted in this photograph taken along the Sheyenne River valley south of Valley City, N.D. https://bit.ly/2JPPQhB (Note: Make sure that you have the Course Material notes available with the definitions for the different mass wasting events. Carefully compare what you see in the images to the descriptions)

Creep or soil creep

What is the climate type for Prudhoe Bay, Alaska?

ET

Study the map below and the reference https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/historical.html. What were the two names given to the large landmasses as Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago? (Note: pick two names from the list below)

Laurasia Gondwana

Which type of mass wasting process is depicted in this photograph taken on State Route 58 near Tehachapi, California, about 60 miles (97 km) outside of Los Angeles. http://bit.ly/2evxHKE (Note: You can read the associated article too http://cbsn.ws/2f6ciqA). (Also Note: Make sure that you have the Course Material notes available with the definitions for the different mass wasting events. Carefully compare what you see in the images to the descriptions)

Mudflow or debris flow

Study the map of the supercontinent Pangaea below and any reference map showing the outline of today's continental land masses. The portion of Pangaea labeled "A" is the continental land mass of ________________________ today.

North America

Which wind belts would you use to sail from Dakar, Senegal to the Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago?

Northeast trade winds

Interpret the map http://bit.ly/2sNr5dZ. Which country has the most time zones?

Russia

Which single climate control do you think applies to Agadez, Niger (16°58' N, 07°59' E). Elevation 1646.98 ft above sea level)? (Hint: Study the document "climate_group_summaries.pdf" to find the controls for your chosen climate code. All possible controls for a climate group are provided, but only some may apply for a particular location. You should examine the geography of the area and surrounding region, using Google Earth in order to determine which controls apply. Local physical geography includes the presence of mountains/highlands/other elevated regions, location near or away from the coast [continental vs. maritime], prevailing winds/pressure systems [subtropical highs, trade winds, westerlies etc.], regional storms [e.g. monsoons in South Asia])

Subsidence of subtropical highs

A non-stop flight from Chicago to Seoul, South Korea takes longer because __________________________.

The flight moves against the prevailing westerly wind direction in the upper atmosphere.

For the question above, describe the evidence in the photograph that supports your answer. (Very Important: ensure that you use full sentences, without grammatical errors. Also, refer to the descriptions of particular types of mass wasting events in order to understand the characteristics of each type of event. The descriptions are in the Course Material notes for this lab exercise)

This image depicts a landslide. If you look at the notes for this lab, there is an example of a landslide. In both images, you can see parts of land having slid down in small particles. If you look at both images side by side it is very clear that they are depicting the same thing just with different types of land. The description of a landslide is the sliding of land down a mostly flat plane. In both images, there is a hill that is mostly flat and it is clear that the land has partially collapsed causing the sliding of the land down the hill. Thus this image depicts a landslide

For the question above, describe the evidence in the photograph that supports your answer. (Very Important: ensure that you use full sentences, without grammatical errors. Also, refer to the descriptions of particular types of mass wasting events in order to understand the characteristics of each type of event. The descriptions are in the Course Material notes for this lab exercise)

This image depicts a rockfall. The description of a rockfall is "the falling of loose pieces of rock down a very steep slope". In this image, there is a rock on a road. Surrounding the road are steep mountains. It is clear that the rock has fallen down the mountain to land on the road. That meets the description of a rockfall and thus the image is demonstrating that.

For the question above, describe the evidence in the photograph that supports your answer. (Very Important: ensure that you use full sentences, without grammatical errors. Also, refer to the descriptions of particular types of mass wasting events in order to understand the characteristics of each type of event. The descriptions are in the Course Material notes for this lab exercise)

This image depicts a slump. A slump is "the downslope rotational movement of a unit of weathered material along a curved plane". In the image, you can see that the plane depicted is curved, it is a small hill. It is clear that the top of it weathered and could no longer support the weight of the rest of the ground and the materials moved down the plane. This meets the criteria of a slump so that is what this picture shows

For the question above, describe the evidence in the photograph that supports your answer. (Very Important: ensure that you use full sentences, without grammatical errors. Also, refer to the descriptions of particular types of mass wasting events in order to understand the characteristics of each type of event. The descriptions are in the Course Material notes for this lab exercise)

This image depicts creep or soil creep. This is a process of particle-by-particle movement that is very slow. The surface material moves down a slope very slowly and it can be identified by objects on the hill leaning downslope. In the image, you can tell that the trees are definitely on a hill due to their elevation and the differing elevations of the different trees. In addition to this, the trees are leaning downslope, meeting the key sign of creep or soil creep, proving that the image is depicting that wasting process.

For the question above, describe the evidence in the photograph that supports your answer. (Very Important: ensure that you use full sentences, without grammatical errors. Also, refer to the descriptions of particular types of mass wasting events in order to understand the characteristics of each type of event. The descriptions are in the Course Material notes for this lab exercise)

This image depicts mudflow or debris flow. Mudflow is the movement down a mountain of high water fraction and rock fragments. When combined with large boulders it can be referred to as debris flow. This happens following a flash flood when materials are picked up and transported down a canyon, forming a deposit at the bottom. In this image, it is clear that mud has slid down the hill behind the cars and deposited in a large amount at the bottom of the hill. Due to a large amount of rain and how wet it looks, it appears to have been caused by a flash flood. Flash floods and large deposits of mud are signs of mudflow and that is why I believe that this image depicts mudflow.

Which two of the following climate controls do you think apply to Yakima, WA, USA (46°34' N, 120°32' W) Elevation: 1066.3 ft above sea level)? (Hint: Study the document "climate_group_summaries.pdf" to find the controls for your chosen climate code. All possible controls for a climate group are provided, but only some may apply for a particular location. You should examine the geography of the area and surrounding region, using Google Earth in order to determine which controls apply. Local physical geography includes the presence of mountains/highlands/other elevated regions, location near or away from the coast [continental vs. maritime], prevailing winds/pressure systems [subtropical highs, trade winds, westerlies etc.], regional storms [e.g. monsoons in South Asia])

Westerlies Topographic barriers

Which single climate control do you think applies to Prudhoe Bay, AK, USA (70°19′32″ N 148°42′41″ W. Elevation: 30 ft above sea level)? (Hint: Study the document "climate_group_summaries.pdf" to find the controls for your chosen climate code. All possible controls for a climate group are provided, but only some may apply for a particular location. You should examine the geography of the area and surrounding region, using Google Earth in order to determine which controls apply. Local physical geography includes the presence of mountains/highlands/other elevated regions, location near or away from the coast [continental vs. maritime], prevailing winds/pressure systems [subtropical highs, trade winds, westerlies etc.], regional storms [e.g. monsoons in South Asia])

seasonal contrasts in insolation

The zones labeled "H" at about 30 degrees north and south latitude on the model below are

subtropical highs