gen bio- chapter 4 and 5

A scientific theory is:

A statement of how things work that has been tested and it's in agreement with all available data.

The main categories of cell transport are either active transport or passive transport. Which two statements are true?

Activate transport requires energy Passive transport doesn't require energy

Which of these is not a postulate of cell theory

All cells have a nucleus

Which cell structure makes proteins?

Ribosome

This example shows a container divided by a membrane, one side had glucose and the other had sucrose. However, there is more sucrose than glucose, making the sucrose side hypertonic. What happens when the membrane doesn't allow the passage of both glucose and sucrose through?

water mill move from the hypotonic side into the hypertonic side

In what direction do you predict a net movement of water?

water will move towards side A

water moves from:

hypotonic to hypertonic

active transport

from low to high concentration

Which of these statements are true when comparing facilitated diffusion vs simple diffusion?

simple diffusion doesn't use carrier proteins or channel proteins. small non-polar molecules use simple diffusion. ions need channel proteins to cross the membrane, even when moving along the gradient. facilitated diffusion is for molecules that cannot cross the plasma membrane. gasses use simple diffusion

Which molecules require assistance from either a carrier protein or a channel protein in order to cross the membrane?

small polar molecules, ions, larger polar molecules

simple diffusion

solutes can cross the plasma membrane: non-polar, hydrophobic and lipophilic

Where do photosynthetic prokaryotes carry out photosynthesis?

In the plasma membrane

This membrane allows the movement of both: water and glucose. In which direction will glucosemove?

distribute evenly between side A and side B

Where is there a higher solute concentration?

inside red blood cells

From low to high concentration

requires both energy and a carrier protein

Why is the plasma membrane called a 'fluid'?

The components of the membrane are not permanently attached to each other and can move freely within each layer

passive transport

from high to low concentration

Where's does the water go

Into the cells

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Osmosis is the movement of water from the side with low solutes to the side with more solutes

How come if larger cells have more volume and more surface area than small cells, large cells have a lower surface-area-to-volume ratio?

Because the volume of the cell increases faster than its surface as the cell gets bigger

How is surface-area-to-volume ratio related to the efficiency of cells?

Cells need large surface are to volume to speed diffusion of substances

Which structures are common to both plant and animal cells?

cell membrane, mitochondria, nucleus

In which type of solution would you place red blood cells if you don't want to cause a net movement of water?

isotonic solution

Which of these statements are true about active transport?

it uses a transporter protein. it requires energy. molecules move from a side of low concentration to a side of high concentration. molecules move against their gradient

Which statements are TRUE comparing active transport to passive transport?

passive transport doesn't require energy. passive transport includes simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. active transport requires energy. active transport moves molecules against the gradient. passive transport moves molecules from an area of high concentration into an area with lower concentration.

Which of these components do you see in all cells (prokaryotes, plant and animal cells)?

plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA

Where does water move?

Water moves to areas of higher solute concentration.

solutes can cross the plasma membrane: non-polar, hydrophobic and lipophilic

doesn't require energy and doesn't need a carrier protein

solutes cannot cross the plasma membrane: hydrophilic, lipophobic

doesn't require energy but requires a carrier protein

Which molecules can pass through the plasma membrane without any assistance, using simple diffusion?

gasses, small fats, small non-polar molecules

Red blood cells are isotonic to the surrounding plasma solution in which they live. Comparing the contents of red blood cells to their external environment, red blood cells...

have different molecules inside but maintain the same osmolarity as the surrounding plasma

facilitated diffusion

solutes cannot cross the plasma membrane: hydrophilic, lipophobic

The example showed a container divided by a membrane, one side had glucose and the other had sucrose. However, there was a lot more sucrose than glucose, making the sucrose side hypertonic. What would have happened if the membrane allowed the passage of both glucose and sucrose through?

both, glucose and sucrose will move from their side of high concentration to their respective side with lower concentration

Select all of the following that provide evidence about the support to the Theory of Endosymbiosis.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own ribosomes, which are more similar to the ribosomes in prokaryotes than those in the cell they live in. The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free-living prokaryotes Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane.

Why is the plasma membrane called a 'mosaic'?

It contains a variety of different molecules embedded within the phospholipids such as proteins and other lipids.

Which of these statements are correct about hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

hypotonic solutions have more water than hypertonic solutions. hypertonic solutions have more solutes than hypotonic solutions