Gen Bio chp 1 A View of Life

From the examples below, select the examples of cells or organisms responding to stimuli in order to maintain homeostasis.

*a unicellular organism beating microscopic hairs to escape a chemical pollutant in its environment *a plant bending toward a light source *birds migrating when seasons change *a person shivering when his or her body temperature is low *iguanas laying in the sunlight if their body temperature is low *ants moving within their mounds depending upon the time of day

It is estimated that there are as many as ___________ species in the world, though as few as ________ of these species have actually been identified.

8.7 million 2.3 million

__________ is a term used to describe changes in the normal cycles of the Earth's climate that are attributed to human activity.

Climate change

On the right is a list of levels of classification. Organize these levels in descending order on the left, starting with the most inclusive at the top.

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to least inclusive

Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species

___________, another term for the shift in global temperatures, occurs because of what is called __________, whereby increased concentrations of gases in the atmosphere absorb and radiate heat back to Earth.

Global warming the greenhouse effect

From the following, select only the general characteristics of life.

Homeostasis Organization Adaptations Development Reproduction Response to stimuli Use of materials and energy

Place the steps listed on the right in the order of the scientific method.

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Analysis, Conclusion

All of the following are examples of maintaining homeostasis except

a cancerous tumor continues to grow larger and then metastasizes, spreading to new areas of the body

Once results are analyzed, the findings show that Group A experiences a 20% increase in growth, Group B experiences a 10% increase in growth, and Group C experiences no increase in growth. These results show that the new growth hormone had _________ on growth and works _______ the old growth hormone.

a positive effect better than

The expected outcome of an experiment is known as

a prediction

Living organisms are characterized by

adapting to the environment, evolving over time, displaying homeostatic controls

Which of the following domains contains prokaryotes that are known for living in extreme environments?

archaea

With the increasingly global nature of our society, and mutations that allow pathogens to infect new hosts, there is a rise in cases of human infections with pathogens like __________, an ailment previously only seen in birds. New, mutated _______ of the virus have been seen in humans since 1997.

avian flu strains

As the human population grows and demands more resources, ______ is threatened.

biodiversity

One of the most important bioethical issues facing us today is the issue of _________, or a loss thereof.

biodiversity

Defined as variation of life on Earth, ________ is the number and relative abundance of different _______.

biodiversity species

Disturbances in the ________ cycle are central to these changes. There is an imbalance between the amount of ________ that is released into the atmosphere and the amount that is removed by natural processes like photosynthesis.

carbon carbon dioxide

Much of the excess ________ in the atmosphere, which results from activities like burning fossil fuels, is believed to dissolve in the ocean rather than accumulate in the atmosphere. What remains in the atmosphere, along with other gases, is responsible for a _____ in global temperatures.

carbon dioxide rise

Global warming is contributing to ______, which is causing ________ changes to many of the Earth's ecosystems.

climate change significant

One subset of the group, Group C, receives no growth hormones of any kind. This group is called the ___________.

control group

The results of an experiment are called ______ and must be analyzed in order for a _________ to be reached.

data conclusion

Scientists use _________ reasoning to design an experiment to test their _________.

deductive hypothesis

A university biology department wishes to hire a scientist to work on the relationships among the wolves, moose, trees, and physical features on an island. If you were charged with writing the job description, you should title the position

ecosystem ecologist

One challenge facing science and society, which you may hear about on the news from time to time, is _______. This includes illnesses that previously either did not exist, did not infect humans, or did not make it all around the world.

emerging diseases

Human activities contribute to habitat loss, especially in the world's coral reefs and tropical rain forests. As a result, some organisms face ________, or the death of their species.

extinction

The classification system most commonly used by biologists today contains five domains.

false

Organisms belonging to the same _____ would be the most closely related.

family

Within a population of fish, ________ exists in the form of body color. Some fish are orange and some fish are red.

genetic variation

Investigators want to study the effects of a new growth hormone on mice. To do this, they select a population of mice that are _______.

genetically identical

The growth of the _______ population has destroyed up to 25% of _________ and threatened another 30%. Statistics are similar for __________.

human coral reefs tropical rain forests

Scientists use _______ reasoning to combine isolated facts into a plausible explanation, or ________.

inductive hypothesis

What type of information does science provide for society?

information about the natural world

Biodiversity in a particular ecosystem

is the total number of species in that ecosystem, includes the variability of the individual genes, impacts the function of the ecosystem in which the species live

Single-celled prokaryotes

lack a membrane-bounded nucleus are classified in the domains Bacteria and Archaea are found in almost all habitats

After several generations, one can expect the fish population to have a ________ portion of orange individuals compared to red individuals.

larger

Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the basic theories of biology?

life may arise through spontaneous generation

Fish produce _______ offspring which _______ the genes for body color.

many inherit

For five years, you wake up before the alarm is set to ring each morning. This leads you to conclude that people have a built-in "alarm clock" capable of waking them up. From a science viewpoint, this conclusion

may not be valid because it generalizes about all people, and there may have been other variables that could awaken you without a built-in clock

Occasionally, scientists are forced to use a ______ to represent the actual phenomenon, usually because of ethical, financial, or logistical limitations.

model

A cell is to a tissue as an atom is to a

molecule

In this manner, _______ is driving _________.

natural selection evolution

Humans also face _______ consequences in that we are dependent on the ecosystems we are destroying for everything from food to raw materials.

negative

A researcher is interested in determining the average length and weight of loblolly pine tree needles in the southeast United States. Will the data be obtained through observation or experimentation?

observation

In the scientific method, what precedes the formation of the hypothesis?

observation

The scientific method begins with the ________ of a natural event called a ________.

observation phenomenon

Because fish that are _______ are more likely to blend in and resist predation, they are more likely to survive to reproduce.

orange

The fish population lives on an orange reef bed. Because of this, fish that are ________ are able to blend in and resist predation.

orange

Tropical rain forests have many species that are found in great abundance. A study in the Brazilian rain forest found 487 tree species growing on a single hectare (2.5 acres). In the U.S. and Canada together, there are only 700 species of trees on millions of acres. In one park in a Peruvian rain forest, scientists have identified over 1,300 species of butterflies, while in all of Europe there are approximately 320 butterfly species. These findings suggest that

rain forests are more biologically diverse than other ecosystems

Another group of illnesses called _________ also challenge science and society. This group of illnesses includes Ebola, which underwent a significant outbreak in 2014 and 2015.

reemerging diseases

Birds are not the only animals spreading their infectious diseases to humans. H1N1, also called __________, has also been a recent cause for concern. In fact, new and/or increased exposure to animals is identified as a possible source of a few new diseases, including ______, which is believed to stem from humans consuming infected cats in China.

swine flu SARS

Scientists develop a good experimental design that contains both a _____ group in which the experimental variable is altered, and a ______ group in which the experimental variable is not altered.

test control

One subset of the group, Group A, receives the newly developed growth hormone. This group is called a _____.

test group

One subset of the group, Group B, receives an already proven growth hormone. This group is called a _________.

test group

The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment is called

the experimental design

An earlier classification system grouped organisms by whether they inhabited the air, land, or sea. More modern classification systems such as the three-domain system are divided into class-order-family-genus-species as described in this chapter. What advantages does the more modern classification system have over the older system?

the modern classification system better represents the unity of life the modern classification system reflects the evolutionary relationships between organisms the modern classification system allows for the precise organization of a multitude of species the more modern classification system groups organisms based on similarities related to their structure and evolution

Whenever a new infectious disease makes its way around the world, or to humans for the first time, scientists look into not only its causes and effects, but also the ways in which it is ________. Understanding how a disease spreads can help ______ future outbreaks.

transmitted prevent

Climate change is primarily due to an imbalance in the chemical cycling of the element carbon.

true