General phycology midterm

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus. Binocular Opponent monocular Trichromatic

Binocular

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? Broca's area. Hippocampus. Thalamus. Wernicke's area

Broca's area

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species? Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright Sigmund Freud

Carl Jung

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. Behaviorism Gestalt psychology Humanism Structuralism

Humanism

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads? adrogens dopamine endorphine estrogens

androgens

Which of the following is an example of instinct? baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked believing that nudity is wrong a teacher demonstrating algebra to students a toddler who is being toilet trained by her parents.

baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________. biopsychologist developmental psychologist humanist social psychologist

biopsychologist

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________. chromosomes; DNA chromosomes; genes DNA; genes genes; DNA

chromosomes; DNA

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________. chromotropes chronologies chronotypes chromatins

chronotypes

A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. confounding control dependent independent

confounding

Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear, and has never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using "sound" type words like "loud," "soft," and "quiet," he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness. conductive congenital sensorineural acoustic

congenital

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. conscience consciousness REM sleep unconsciousness

consciousness

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting? Broca's area. hypothalamus. substantia nigra. thalamus

hypothalamus

Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion. meissner ménliére merkel Müller-lyer

müller-lyer

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this? classical conditioning observational operant

observational

A negative correlation means ________. a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship one variable decreases as the other increases there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome

one variable decreases as the other increases

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior? acquisition learning reinforcement shaping

shaping

Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day, and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked, "do you work here," she thought it was funny. The other customers' assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of _______. proximity closure continuity similarity

similarity

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________. Gestalt psychology personality psychoanalysis social psychology

social psychology

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________. operant conditioning stimulus discrimination stimulus generalization higher-order conditioning

stimulus discrimination

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. autonomic parasympathetic somatic sympathetic

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________. soma synapse terminal button vesicle

synapse

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________. emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses genetics and the evolutionary adaptations that underlie behavior stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries? A year-long internship. A dissertation. A minimum of three years of coursework. Earning licensure

A dissertation

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment? Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it. Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them. Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom. Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself.

Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.

In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________. learned. instinctive. reflexive. reactive

Learned

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation? Cognitive. Counseling. Forensic. legal

Legal

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. night terrors. non-REM. NREM. REM

REM

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study. debrief participants; ageist attitudes debrief participants; deception pay participants; deception pay participants; use of personal photos

debrief participants; deception

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this? fixed interval fixed ratio variable interval variable ratio

fixed interval

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? computerized tomography (CT) scan functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positron emission tomography (PET)

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb. genotype; Bb genotype; bb phenotype; Bb phenotype; bb

genotype; bb

One principle of civil engineering is that when you design a highway you should have traffic flow in the same direction and avoid interruptions to that flow as much as possible. Exit ramps tend to be curved so that cars don't have to stop rather than having 90-degree angles that force stops and starts. This is an application of which Gestalt principle? good continuation closure proximity contiguity

good continuation

________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds. higher; louder. higher; quieter. higher; weaker. Lower; louder

higher; louder

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________. be twice as strong last twice as long undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration travel twice as fast down the axon

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration