Genetics final exam

A series of clones that contain overlapping pieces of a chromosome are called a ________. A) contig B) artificial chromosome C) cosmid D) positional clone E) transposable element

A

Antibodies can be used as a probe for which technique? A) Western blotting B) Northern blotting C) Southern blotting D) Eastern blotting

A

Which of the following most likely accounts for the majority of the recombination events during both DNA repair and meiosis? A) A nick in only one strand of the DNA B) Double-stranded breaks in DNA C) DNA gap repair synthesis D) Heteroduplex formation

B

________ uses the unique banding patterns of a chromosome to determine the general location of a gene. A) Physical mapping B) Cytogenetic mapping C) Linkage mapping

B

Transposons that utilize an RNA intermediate for transposition are called ________. A) IS elements B) Retroviruses C) Retrotransposons D) Non-transposable elements

C

What occurs during the annealing stage of a PCR reaction? A) The DNA strands separate B) The DNA polymerase copies the template DNA C) The primers bind to complementary sequences of the template DNA D) The reaction stops

C

Given the following sequence of genes on a chromosome, determine what change in chromosome structure occurred. (the * indicates the centromere) before A B C D * E F G H after A B C D * E F E F G H A) Terminal deficiency B) Interstitial deficiency C) Inversion D) Gene duplication

D

In the biological sciences, the null hypothesis is usually rejected if the P value is ________. A) Greater than 1 B) Less than 0.30 C) Less than 0.95 D) Less than 0.05 E) Less than 1

D

Mendel's work with two-factor (dihybrid) crosses led directly to which of the following? A) Chromosomal theory of inheritance B) Particulate theory of inheritance C) Law of segregation D) Law of independent assortment E) Theory of biological evolution

D

The program BLAST would be best used for what purpose? A) Determining what restriction sites are present in a fragment of DNA B) Identifying a promoter sequence C) Identifying splice donor and acceptor sites D) Identify related sequences to a given DNA sequence in the Genbank database

D

What is the term for two genes from two different species that are similar in sequence and serve the same function in each species? A) Related genes B) Paralogs C) Gene family D) Orthologs

D

cDNA is made using what as the starting material? A. plasmid vectors B. viral DNA C. chromosomal DNA D. mRNA

d. mRNA

Mendel's work with single-factor crosses resulted in the development of which of the following? A) Law of segregation B) Law of independent assortment C) Theory of natural selection D) Law of biological evolution E) All of the answers are correct

A

The experimental process of determining the relative location of genes or other segments of DNA along individual chromosomes is called A) mapping. B) metagenomics. C) DNA sequencing. D) proteomics.

A

The short arm of a chromosome is denoted by the letter ________ and the long arm by the letter ________. A) p, q B) s, l C) q, p D) c, d

A

What does detection of a fluorescent signal from one of the spots of a DNA microarray indicate? A) The probe hybridized to the sequences present in that spot B) The probe did not hybridize to that particular gene C) The experiment was not conducted correctly D) That the probe was non-specifically trapped by the material present in the spot.

A

What is one component that is needed to perform a PCR? A) Primers B) DNA ligase C) RNA polymerase D) Restriction enzymes

A

What is one technique that is used to identify a specific protein in a mixture of different proteins? A) Western blotting B) Northern blotting C) Southern blotting D) Eastern blotting

A

Which enzyme is unique to the retro elements? A) Reverse transcriptase B) Reverse resolvase C) Transposase D) Integrase E) Reverse integrase

A

Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following? A) Morphological differences B) Small variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA C) Carbohydrate content of the cell D) Translation

B

Given the following sequence of genes on a chromosome, determine what change in chromosome structure occurred. (the * indicates the centromere) before A B C D * E F G H after A C D * E F G H A) Terminal deletion B) Interstitial deletion C) Inversion D) Gene duplication

B

What is one technique that is used to identify a specific RNA sequence of a sample from a library? A) Western blotting B) Northern blotting C) Southern blotting D) Eastern blotting

B

What is the purpose of DNA ligase in a cloning experiment? A) The purpose is to proofread the vector for mistakes. B) The purpose is to reestablish the stable sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule. C) The purpose is to allow the vector to enter into the cell. D) The purpose is to function as a selectable marker.

B

Which of the following is a step in a PCR? A) DNA is cooled to a temperature at which the hydrogen bonds holding the strands break. B) The primers anneal to the complementary sequences on the template DNA. C) DNA gyrase enzyme relieves the supercoiling ahead of the replication fork. D) The DNase I synthesizes a new strand of DNA that is complementary to the template DNA.

B

What technique can be used to determine DNA-protein interactions? A) Western blotting B) PCR C) DNAse I foot printing D) restriction enzyme analysis

C

What technique is used to separate cellular proteins for analysis? A) Western blots B) Antibody microarrays C) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis D) Functional protein microarrays

C

When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? A) 1:2:1 B) 9:3:3:1 C) 3:1 D) 7:4 E) Varied depending on the trait

C

________ make it possible for researchers to study how an entire genome responds to an environmental stimulus. A) Bioinformatics B) PCR reactions C) DNA microarrays D) The BLAST program

C

Which of the following is an example of a palindromic DNA sequence? A) 5' - ATCGAC - 3' 3' - TAGCAG - 5' B) 5' - ATCATC - 3' 3' - ATCATC - 5' C) 5' - GCCGCC - 3' 3' - CGGCGG - 5' D) 5' - CTGCAG - 3' 3' - GACGTC - 5'

D

Although Dolly was only three years old, her chromosomes had the length of a 9-10 year old sheep. Which of the following best describes why this occurred? A) The cell lines that created Dolly were aged prematurely in the lab B) Nonhomologous recombination C) A mutation enhanced the rate of aging D) Dolly was not a clone E) The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were shortening

E

In many organisms, one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent, while the other set comes from the paternal parent. Similar chromosomes in these sets are said to be ________. A) morphs B) alleles C) haploid D) homologs E) physiological traits

E