Genetics: Quizzes 20-24

known sequences of DNA.

A DNA microarray is a slide that is dotted with ______

species

A ___________________ is a group of individuals whose members can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring.

benign tumor

A ________________________ is not cancer. It consists of cells that are proliferating when they are not supposed to be but the proliferating cells stay within their boundaries.

bicoid

A fruit fly larva defective in the _______ gene develops with two posterior ends

local populations

A large population is usually composed of smaller groups called ___________________

malignant tumor

A_________________________ is cancer. It consists of cells that are proliferating and are able to invade neighboring tissue but are not migratory.

chorionic villus sampling

Abnormal looking chromosomes can be identified before birth either by amniocentesis or by ______

gene pool

All of the alleles of every gene in a population make up the ________

Thomas Malthus

Charles Darwin was influenced by an essay by ______________: "Essay on the Principle of Population" that asserted that resources cannot keep up with the reproductive potential of humans

cladogenesis

During _____________________, a single species gets divided into two or more species over time

ID

Early in embryonic development, muscle development is inhibited by _______________ protein forming heterodimers with the Myogenic bHLH proteins that cannot bind muscle-specific enhancers.

Isolate RNAs, break RNAs into smaller fragments, synthesize cDNAs, sequence cDNAs, align cDNA sequences

For the method of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), which of the following is the correct order of steps? - Isolate RNAs, synthesize cDNAs, break RNAs into smaller fragments, sequence cDNAs, align cDNA sequences - Synthesize cDNAs, isolate RNAs, break RNAs into smaller fragments, sequence cDNAs, align cDNA sequences - Isolate RNAs, break RNAs into smaller fragments, synthesize cDNAs, sequence cDNAs, align cDNA sequences - Synthesize cDNAs, sequence cDNAs, isolate RNAs, break RNAs into smaller fragments, align cDNA sequences

- recessive - inactive

Haploinsufficiency follows a __________ pattern of inheritance. In this case, the protein encoded by the disease-causing allele is ___________.

744

How frequently a mother rat licks her offspring has been hypothesized to be determined, to a large extent, by how frequently the mother was licked when she was a little pup. The following are data that describe the number of times mother laboratory rats are observed to lick their 2-day-old female offspring in a 24-hour interval and the number of times that the same female offspring are observed to lick their 2-day-old female offspring in a 24-hour interval once they are grown up and mated and have given birth. Each of the 10 rows represents a mother/daughter pair. Calculate the covariance between how much mothers licked their pups and how much daughters licked their pups.

The signaling pathway would stay turned on and cell growth would be stimulated.

How would a mutation that prevents the Ras protein from hydrolyzing GTP affect the EGF signaling pathway and how would it affect cell growth?

single gene diseases

Human genetic disease can be divided into ~4000 ____________________ and the far more common complex disorders.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

If the allele and genotype frequencies do not change over the course of many generations, a population can be said to be in __________________

hsp90

Inhibiting _____________________ in fruit flies led to morphologic diversity and altered morphologies could be rendered heritable by selective breeding.

deep homology

One concept in the Evo Devo field is ________________ which is used to describe cases where dissimilar organs, long thought to have evolved separately, are controlled by similar genes.

population size

Over the long run, random genetic drift favors either the loss or the fixation of an allele. The rate depends on the ________

model organisms

Since developmental biologists cannot experiment on humans, they study ______________________

BRCA1 or HNPCC

Some tumor suppressors are DNA repair genes and, when mutated, increase mutation rate and increase the risk of cancer. Examples include mutations in _________________________

p53

Some tumor suppressors arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage until the damage is repaired, the cell cycle continues. An example is _________________

proto-oncogenes

Some viruses can insert their DNA into the genome near ______ and convert them into oncogenes (eg. cause the genes to be over-expressed)

ecological niche

The _______________________describes how an organism or population responds to and interact with its environment.

induction

The process by which a cell or group of cells governs the developmental fate of neighboring cells Is known as ______

differentiation

The progressive growth of a fertilized egg into an adult organism involves four types of cellular events: cell division, cell movement, cell ______________________ , and cell death

polycomb

The_______ genes repress the expression of homeotic (Hox) genes in regions of the embryo where they should not act

Proteins that are not recognized by an antibody precipitate and end up in the pellet.

Which of the following statements concerning chromatin immunoprecipitation is false? - This technique is used to determine where in the genome a particular protein binds. - Proteins are crosslinked to DNA while the cells are intact. - Proteins that are not recognized by an antibody precipitate and end up in the pellet. - Antibodies are used that recognize specific cellular proteins.

Most quantitative traits are discontinuous traits that fall into two discrete categories.

Which of the following statements is not correct? - The first demonstration that continuous variation is related to polygenic inheritance was by Herman Nilsson-Ehle (1909) and involved the color of wheat. - Most quantitative traits are polygenic and exhibit a continuum of phenotypic variation. - Most quantitative traits are discontinuous traits that fall into two discrete categories. - Quantitative traits are determined by locations on chromosomes called quantitative trait loci (QTLs). - A quantitative trait may be an anatomical trait such as height, a physiological trait such as speed of running, or a behavioral trait such as ability to learn a maze.

All of the statements are correct

Which of the following statements is not correct? ...or are they all correct? - All of the other statements are correct. - Clicking on gene name will pull up a web page with information on that gene. This page includes links to the DNA sequence, mRNA sequence, and predicted amino acid sequence of the protein. - The "Blat" search function whose link is on the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics web site allows one to select a genome of interest, type in a DNA sequence, and click 'submit' and the browser finds all partial and complete matches to that sequence in that genome. - The UCSC Genome Browser is an online web site for accessing the genomes of organisms whose genomes have been sequenced - Once the organism-of-interest has been selected on the UCSC Genome browser, one can type in the name of the gene-of-interest in a dialog box and the web browser will take you to a list of genes bearing that name.

A correlation is observed between the disorder and a mutant gene

Which of the following would be consistent with the idea that a disorder has a genetic component? - The disorder can spread to individuals sharing similar environments. - The disorder is less likely to occur in a person's relatives. - The disorder is correlated with certain types of agents in the environment. - A correlation is observed between the disorder and a mutant gene.

Amniocentesis

______ is a way to look for chromosomal abnormalities in unborn babies by drawing fluid from near the baby when it is 14-16 weeks old.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy HemopheliaB Testicular Feminization Hemophelia A HemopheliaA DMD TesticularFeminization Hemophelia B

______ is an example of an X-linked recessive disease.

Osteoporosis Neurofibromatosis I Huntington Disease Familialhypercholesterolemia NeurofibromatosisI Familial hypercholesterolemia HuntingtonDisease Achondroplasia

______ is an example of an autosomal dominant disease.

Cystic Fibrosis Albinsim (type1) Albinsim Sickle cell anemia Sickle-cell anemia Tay-Sachs Phenylketonuria Sickle cell ADA deficiency Tay-Sachs Disease Albinsim type1 Adenosine deaminase deficiency CysticFibrosis ADA SCID Tay Sachs Disease

______ is an example of an autosomal recessive disease.

evodevo

_____________ is a branch of biology that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer the ancestral relationships between them and how developmental processes evolved.

allopatric

_______________ speciation occurs when members of a species become geographically separated from other members.

HoxC-6

____________________ gene silencing correlates with the number of neck vertebrae. The mouse has a short neck and expression begins at the 8th vertebra. The goose a longer neck and expression in the goose begins at 18.

phenotypic plasticity

______________________ is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment.

morphogens

________________________ are molecules that influence the developmental fates of cells in a concentration-dependent manner and often have a critical threshold concentration above which they exert their effect.

immunostaining

___________________________ of a protein the embryo is exposed to primary antibodies recognizing a protein and then to secondary antibodies that recognize the primary antibodies and are also linked to a fluorescent molecule.

morpholinos

___________________________ which are like antisense RNA but chemically more stable can be electroporated into chicken embryos..