GEO 105 (01)
What evidence for isostatic rebound can be found along Hudson Bay in Canada?
10's of former shorelines
Approximately how many years ago did the first inhabitants arrive in the Great Lakes Region?
10,000 years ago
The most recent stage of continental glaciation in North America, the Wisconsin Stage, occurred when?
15,000 years ago to 9,500 years ago
If you found 3 ppm D.O. when testing the water, which of the following did you find?
3 parts per million of dissolved oxygen
An extremely slow-moving sheet of ice that covers vast land areas is called ____________.
A continental glacier
A rock is_____________________.
A solid, cohesive aggregate of one or more minerals.
Approximately how much water is contained within the Great Lakes?
About 6 quadrillion gallons of water
For a glacier to advance:
Accumulation must exceed melting
What is an example of an igneous rock?
Basalt
What highly prized fur was the widely sought after by the Europeans and an important part of French fur trade era in the Great Lakes region?
Beaver
What is NOT a major problem preventing coal mining in the Great Lakes region?
Big, thick seams of coal
What is a glacier?
Burial and metamorphism of snow
Which of the following is not a fossil that has been found in Quaternary age sediments in the Great Lakes region?
Cephalopods
What is the main raw material used in the manufacture of bricks?
Clay
Which of the following is a true statement about soils that are composed primarily of clay?
Clays crack when they dry and the clods become very hard and difficult to manage
Earth's plates ride on circulating currents of hot rock. This process moves the plates and is the product of:________________
Convection
What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?
Crust
What accounts for the hundreds of lake basins we now find in the Great Lakes region?
Depressions created by unequal bulk of deposited morainic material and steep-sided depressions left by ice chunks that melted in the ground
What happens to the amount of dissolved oxygen when the temperature decreases?
Dissolved oxygen increases
How is Earth organized?
Earth has an inner and outer core, a mantle, and a crust.
Which type of feature marks the end position of an ice sheet prior to melting?
End moraine
An excess of fertilizers which contain nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) can cause___________.
Eutrophication
During summer months, when meltwater and associated suspended sediment input is reduced, fine clay-size sediment is deposited forming a dark colored layer that can be seen in glacial lake varves. T/F
False
The interior of the Earth consists of one layer of material that has a uniform composition. T/F
False
The rate of crustal rebound following retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet has been increasing over time. T/F
False
From the list below, what has not been mined from the Great Lakes region? Fluorite Shale Copper Iron Limestone
Fluorite
From the list below, what is not considered a metallic ore mineral? Copper Gypsum Nickel Iron Gold
Gypsum
Rocks that crystallize from melts are_____________.
Igneous
What 2 minerals have been the most economically important to Michigan?
Iron and copper
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ___________
Is low during glacial periods
What term refers to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density?
Isostasy
Which is the shallowest of the Great Lakes?
Lake Erie
Which is the only one of the Great Lakes entirely within the United States borders?
Lake Michigan
What small lake is located between Lake Huron and Lake Erie?
Lake St. Clair
Which is the deepest of the Great Lakes?
Lake Superior
Which of the Great Lakes has the largest surface area?
Lake Superior
The Great Lakes, in order or surface area from largest to smallest, are:
Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.
According to plate-tectonic theory, plates of rigid, elastic __________ move over a weak plastic layer below.
Lithosphere
____________ refers to the movement of sand grains along the beach.
Longshore drift
Rocks that are formed by the crystallization of new minerals in the solid state (i.e. without melting) due to heat and/or pressure are____________.
Metamorphic
What two lakes are considered to be one lake hydraulically with lake levels rising and falling together?
Michigan and Huron
Which of the following terms describes an accumulation of rocky, sandy, or clayey material deposited at the end of a glacier?
Moraine
Where are limestone mines typically located?
Near major transportation arteries close to the Great Lakes
What geological features on Earth's surface exist because of plate tectonics?
Ocean basins Continents Oceanic Island chains Fault lines
What component of soil distinguishes it from sediment?
Organic matter
Stratified gravelly, gently undulating to flat plains are indicative of:
Outwash plains
Which dune type has a distinctive U-shape?
Parabolic and blowout
The most recent ice ages occurred during the ______ Epoch.
Pleistocene
What is a glacial phenomenon that erodes and transports rock and leaves striations that can be used to identify the direction of ice flow?
Plucking
Glacial till can best be described as:
Poorly sorted and angular
What is the name of the world's largest limestone quarry?
Port Calcite
Lake Michigan beach sand is composed primarily of the mineral_______________.
Quartz
What type of soil is dominant in the western and northern portions of the Lower Peninsula?
Sandy soil
Which of the following is not an example of mechanical weathering?
Solution of limestone by acid rain
Of the two common soil types in the Great Lakes Region, which is considered an "acid" soil and naturally infertile?
Spodosol
What river connects Lake Superior and Lake Huron?
St. Mary's River
During what age did the copper and iron deposits in the Great Lakes region form?
The Precambrian
Several stages of the continental glaciation affected Michigan, but the most important was________
The Wisconsin Ice Stage
Why is the copper found in the Copper Country of the U.P. highly unusual among copper-mining districts?
The copper is predominantly found in the form of pure copper metal (native copper)
What is the official state fossil of Michigan?
The giant mastodon
Where are most of the high quality limestones and dolomites found in Michigan?
The northeastern lower peninsula and the southeastern UP
If acid rain falls into a lake with very good alkalinity or buffering capacity what would happen?
The pH would stay about the same
When waves approach shore what happens to the wave base?
The wave base will contact the bottom slowing the waves
It was the natural 'fit' of the continents that initiated Alfred Wegener's interest in the possible 'drift' of the continents. T/F
True
The diameter of the motion circle inside a wave decreases downward from the water surface.
True
Water continually flows from the headwaters of the Lake Superior basin through the remainder of the system to the Atlantic Ocean. T/F
True
Which of the following is a quantitative measure of the amount of particulate matter in water?
Turbidity
The area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place is called the _________________.
Watershed
What was the most desired tree species by the lumber industry of the Great Lakes during the Lumbering Era?
White pine