GEO 105 (01)

What evidence for isostatic rebound can be found along Hudson Bay in Canada?

10's of former shorelines

Approximately how many years ago did the first inhabitants arrive in the Great Lakes Region?

10,000 years ago

The most recent stage of continental glaciation in North America, the Wisconsin Stage, occurred when?

15,000 years ago to 9,500 years ago

If you found 3 ppm D.O. when testing the water, which of the following did you find?

3 parts per million of dissolved oxygen

An extremely slow-moving sheet of ice that covers vast land areas is called ____________.

A continental glacier

A rock is_____________________.

A solid, cohesive aggregate of one or more minerals.

Approximately how much water is contained within the Great Lakes?

About 6 quadrillion gallons of water

For a glacier to advance:

Accumulation must exceed melting

What is an example of an igneous rock?

Basalt

What highly prized fur was the widely sought after by the Europeans and an important part of French fur trade era in the Great Lakes region?

Beaver

What is NOT a major problem preventing coal mining in the Great Lakes region?

Big, thick seams of coal

What is a glacier?

Burial and metamorphism of snow

Which of the following is not a fossil that has been found in Quaternary age sediments in the Great Lakes region?

Cephalopods

What is the main raw material used in the manufacture of bricks?

Clay

Which of the following is a true statement about soils that are composed primarily of clay?

Clays crack when they dry and the clods become very hard and difficult to manage

Earth's plates ride on circulating currents of hot rock. This process moves the plates and is the product of:________________

Convection

What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?

Crust

What accounts for the hundreds of lake basins we now find in the Great Lakes region?

Depressions created by unequal bulk of deposited morainic material and steep-sided depressions left by ice chunks that melted in the ground

What happens to the amount of dissolved oxygen when the temperature decreases?

Dissolved oxygen increases

How is Earth organized?

Earth has an inner and outer core, a mantle, and a crust.

Which type of feature marks the end position of an ice sheet prior to melting?

End moraine

An excess of fertilizers which contain nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) can cause___________.

Eutrophication

During summer months, when meltwater and associated suspended sediment input is reduced, fine clay-size sediment is deposited forming a dark colored layer that can be seen in glacial lake varves. T/F

False

The interior of the Earth consists of one layer of material that has a uniform composition. T/F

False

The rate of crustal rebound following retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet has been increasing over time. T/F

False

From the list below, what has not been mined from the Great Lakes region? Fluorite Shale Copper Iron Limestone

Fluorite

From the list below, what is not considered a metallic ore mineral? Copper Gypsum Nickel Iron Gold

Gypsum

Rocks that crystallize from melts are_____________.

Igneous

What 2 minerals have been the most economically important to Michigan?

Iron and copper

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ___________

Is low during glacial periods

What term refers to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density?

Isostasy

Which is the shallowest of the Great Lakes?

Lake Erie

Which is the only one of the Great Lakes entirely within the United States borders?

Lake Michigan

What small lake is located between Lake Huron and Lake Erie?

Lake St. Clair

Which is the deepest of the Great Lakes?

Lake Superior

Which of the Great Lakes has the largest surface area?

Lake Superior

The Great Lakes, in order or surface area from largest to smallest, are:

Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.

According to plate-tectonic theory, plates of rigid, elastic __________ move over a weak plastic layer below.

Lithosphere

____________ refers to the movement of sand grains along the beach.

Longshore drift

Rocks that are formed by the crystallization of new minerals in the solid state (i.e. without melting) due to heat and/or pressure are____________.

Metamorphic

What two lakes are considered to be one lake hydraulically with lake levels rising and falling together?

Michigan and Huron

Which of the following terms describes an accumulation of rocky, sandy, or clayey material deposited at the end of a glacier?

Moraine

Where are limestone mines typically located?

Near major transportation arteries close to the Great Lakes

What geological features on Earth's surface exist because of plate tectonics?

Ocean basins Continents Oceanic Island chains Fault lines

What component of soil distinguishes it from sediment?

Organic matter

Stratified gravelly, gently undulating to flat plains are indicative of:

Outwash plains

Which dune type has a distinctive U-shape?

Parabolic and blowout

The most recent ice ages occurred during the ______ Epoch.

Pleistocene

What is a glacial phenomenon that erodes and transports rock and leaves striations that can be used to identify the direction of ice flow?

Plucking

Glacial till can best be described as:

Poorly sorted and angular

What is the name of the world's largest limestone quarry?

Port Calcite

Lake Michigan beach sand is composed primarily of the mineral_______________.

Quartz

What type of soil is dominant in the western and northern portions of the Lower Peninsula?

Sandy soil

Which of the following is not an example of mechanical weathering?

Solution of limestone by acid rain

Of the two common soil types in the Great Lakes Region, which is considered an "acid" soil and naturally infertile?

Spodosol

What river connects Lake Superior and Lake Huron?

St. Mary's River

During what age did the copper and iron deposits in the Great Lakes region form?

The Precambrian

Several stages of the continental glaciation affected Michigan, but the most important was________

The Wisconsin Ice Stage

Why is the copper found in the Copper Country of the U.P. highly unusual among copper-mining districts?

The copper is predominantly found in the form of pure copper metal (native copper)

What is the official state fossil of Michigan?

The giant mastodon

Where are most of the high quality limestones and dolomites found in Michigan?

The northeastern lower peninsula and the southeastern UP

If acid rain falls into a lake with very good alkalinity or buffering capacity what would happen?

The pH would stay about the same

When waves approach shore what happens to the wave base?

The wave base will contact the bottom slowing the waves

It was the natural 'fit' of the continents that initiated Alfred Wegener's interest in the possible 'drift' of the continents. T/F

True

The diameter of the motion circle inside a wave decreases downward from the water surface.

True

Water continually flows from the headwaters of the Lake Superior basin through the remainder of the system to the Atlantic Ocean. T/F

True

Which of the following is a quantitative measure of the amount of particulate matter in water?

Turbidity

The area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place is called the _________________.

Watershed

What was the most desired tree species by the lumber industry of the Great Lakes during the Lumbering Era?

White pine