geo 1400 final study guide

Industrialization challenges

Challenges associated with industrialization include energy consumption, air pollution, global warming, harsh working conditions in factories and mines, child labor.

How does monoculture impact food security?

Monocultures negatively impact food security because it the farming strategy heavily damages the environment and makes the entire area very susceptible to disease. The soil of the area is impacted because it has been overused and overwhelmed with fertilizers. Variety in the area can create a resistance to disease.

Advantages of Monoculture

One of the advantages of monoculture are that it is easier to care for crops when they're all together. Monoculture is also the best way to get as much food from this single crop as possible. Monoculture makes farming much more efficient, keeps down costs. There are also lots of economic incentives when growing a single crop in mass quantities, there is potential for high yields and profits.

Disadvantages of Monoculture

One of the disadvantages of monoculture is that it strips the land of all biodiversity. Monoculture completely removes all of the diversity of the natural land and eliminates the habitat of almost all of the other plants and animals that lived there before the monoculture.This farming strategy leaves no room for other plants or animals to grow and thrive. In addition, the monoculture gradually depletes the soil of nutrients, and loses its organic material. The vulnerability of a single crop makes the land more susceptible to attack from disease.

urbanization challenges

Some challenges associated with urbanization are water quality, air pollution, energy consumption, disposal of waste/garbage and sewage, noise, limited resources, and crowding.

What was the Columbian exchange?

The Colombian Exchange was the global transfer of foods, plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between the Old World and New World during the colonization of the Americas.

How did the Columbian Exchange affect agriculture?

The Columbian Exchange affected agriculture by bringing a wide variety of new crops to the Americas. The exchange of food brought diversity to the agriculture industry. Goods such as potatoes, corn, tomatoes, coffee, and spices were traded during the Columbian Exchange.

Negative impact of Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange negatively impacted society because it brought many diseases. The immune people of Europe brought smallpox, cholera, and influenza and measles to the New World and took home syphilis. The scale of death in the Americas was overwhelming, 9 out of 10 people died in the hardest hit areas. Smallpox wiped out 60-90% of the population on these continents. Many people died because of the Columbian Exchange, one of these was the Incan Empire's emperor. This resulted in a civil war with the Spanish who weakened the Incan empire.

Positive impact of Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange positively impacted society because it made feeding large amounts of people easier. For example, potatoes are easy to grow and are cheap enough to feed the poor. Another positive is that corn could be used to feed animals, thus sustaining livestock which is a source of protein, dairy products, transportation, and clothing. Corn can also be used to make biofuels, which can be used to generate power.

Industrialization

The development of industries for the machine production of goods.

How are these problems being addressed?

To fix these problems within the concepts of urbanization and industrialization the government needed to get more involved and create laws and regulations that require safe work environments, fair wages, and less pollution. Overall these regulations need to be focused on the individual but overall benefit society in a way that is safe and sustainable

Urbanization

movement of people from rural areas into urban areas to seek better living and social conditions

What is monoculture?

the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.