GEOG 1710 Ch 13

The moment magnitude scale is based on energy released and is less accurate than Richter's scale which is based on the amplitude of seismic waves.

False

Which of the following is true of the earthquake in the Liaoning Province of NE China on February 4, 1975?

The quake was successfully forecasted and 3 million people were evacuated.

Folded layers of rock can form a wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers near the crest form ___.

an anticline

Which of the following is an example of a first order of relief?

an ocean basin

List four volcanic activity zones.

continental riftvalley, oceanic plate-continental plate convergent, oceanic plate-oceanic plate convergent, hot-spot volcano, sea floor spreading

A ___, or heartland region, is an old and stable part of the continental crust.

craton

The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated is termed the ___.

epicenter

When rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as ___.

faulting

The motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface area along the fault plane called the ___.

focus, or hypocenter

Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is

generally more complex in content and structure

hypsographic curve

graph that shows the Earth's surface by area and elevation in relation to sea level

Volcanic activity located away from plate boundaries is associated with ___.

hot spots

orogeny

mountain generating

People often say that California is going to "fall into the ocean." This idea is totally wrong because the San Andreas fault would have to be a ___ fault associated with ___ forces for this to happen.

normal, tension

List three types of orogenesis.

oceanic plate-continental plate collision, oceanic plate-oceanic plate collision, and continental plate-continental plate collision

Vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as

relief

An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the ___.

seismograph

List three types of stress.

shear, compression and tension

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

shearing-stretching

A continental ___ is a region with a craton exposed at the surface.

shield

If you were paranoid of earthquakes, which of the following area would be the safest to live?

shield

The San Andreas system in California is an example of a ___.

strike-slip fault, transform fault, right-lateral motions

The combination effects of ___ (powered by internal energy) and ___ (powered by the sun through motion of air, water, and ice) create Earth's continental crust.

tectonic activity, weathering and erosion

Rocks are subjected to stress due to ___.

tectonic forces, gravity, and pressure from overlaying rocks

Normal faults are associated with ___.

tension forces

The most detailed order of relief applies to ___ order relief features.

third

A residual "synclincal ridge" may form with a ___.

trough of a fold

The most active tectonic regions of North and South America are on the ___.

western coasts

The mean seal level is at __.

0m

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is exposed above sea level?

29%

List four of Earth's continental shields.

Canadian, African, Brazilian, and Indian

List two types of scales to rate earthquakes.

Richter's scale and moment magnitude scale