GEOG 2313 EXAM II
To calculate the temperature (T) at any given altitude, the following equation T = Ts - [LR x h] is used; where Ts is the surface temperature in Fahrenheit degrees (F). LR is the normal lapse rate and h is the altitude in feet. Assuming the normal lapse rate of (3.6 F/1,000 ft) and a surface temperature Ts=90 F, what is the temperature at a flying altitude of 32,000 feet?
-25.2
The albedo of the Earth's system has been determined to be __________ percent.
33%
The homosphere includes the lowest _____________ kilometers of the atmosphere.
80
Heat transferred laterally in the atmosphere by horizontal wind movements is a process called ________.
Advection
Which of the following is an important source of particles in the atmosphere?
All of the above
The third most plentiful gas in the earth's lower atmosphere is __________.
Argon
About 10,000 kilometers above the surface is the upper limit of the _______.
Atmosphere
A body that emits the maximum amount of radiation possible, at every wavelength for its temperature is a(n) _______________.
Black body
Which of the following substances is closely associated with the breakdown of the ozone layer?
Chlorofluorocarbons
Most surface winds in the Tropics ___________.
Come from the east
A major characteristic of the troposphere is its _________.
Decrease of temperature with increasing altitude
For the most part the atmosphere is heated from the ________.
Earth's surface
The layer of the atmosphere which represents the boundary or transition from atmosphere to space is the __________.
Exosphere
The segment of the atmosphere which blends into interplanetary space is called the ________.
Exosphere
Adiabatic processes are performing cooling by _________.
Expansion
The energy emitted from the sun is a product of _________.
Fusion
The atmospheric layer in which gases do not maintain a uniform composition is the __________.
Heterosphere
The lower 80 kilometers or so in the atmosphere in which gases are found in uniform proportions is the ________.
Homosphere
The segment of the atmosphere in which gases maintain an approximately uniform composition is the _________.
Homosphere
Advection is a _____ wind movement
Horizontal
___________ objects radiate shorter wavelengths than __________ objects.
Hot; cold
In the process of evaporation of water to gas releases stored energy called
Latent heat
The most basic factor causing the distribution of hot and cold temperatures over Earth's surface is _________.
Latitude
Which of the following is NOT a weather element?
Latitude
Mountains act as major climatic barriers with the sheltered or ________ side receiving less moisture than the exposed side.
Leeward
The side of a mountain sheltered from prevailing winds is the ____________.
Leeward
Earth reradiating energy into space consist mainly of __________ rays.
Long
The phenomenon of scattering LEAST influences which wavelengths?
Long
Which wavelengths are poorly transmitted through the atmosphere?
Long
Nitrogen is the ______ component of the atmosphere in terms of volume
Main
In the electromagnetic spectrum, visible light occupies the band between 0.4 and 0.7 ___________.
Micrometers
The main component of the lower atmosphere by total volume is _______.
Nitrogen
A temperature inversion in mainly an inversion of the __________.
Normal lapse rate
The respiration of plants is responsible for placing ___________ in the atmosphere.
Oxygen
A main absorber of ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere is ___________.
Ozone
Crucial to the formation of clouds in the atmosphere is (are) the ________.
Particulates
The climatic controls include all but which of the following
Plane of the ecliptic
The longest of all visible light waves are
Red
Radiation from the earth is mostly "trapped" in the lower troposphere and ____________ back towards Earth.
Reradiated
Oxygen is the ________ component of the atmosphere in terms of volume.
Second
Most of the radiation incident upon the Earth falls within the ________ part of the spectrum.
Short wave
The higher latitude receive much less intense insolation than tropical zones because of _________.
Sun's angle of incidence
The trapping of longwave radiation in the atmosphere is popularly called
The Greenhouse Effect
Cooling by expansion is called ________.
The adiabatic process
Argon is the ________ most plentiful gas in the atmosphere.
Third
The main impact of ozone on life on the earth's surface is ________.
To reduce ultraviolet solar radiation
The correct ordering of the vertical layering of the atmosphere going from lower altitudes to higher altitudes is:
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
In the atmosphere, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude in the _______ and the ______.
Troposphere; mesosphere
Oxygen is being added to the atmosphere by ___________.
Vegetation
The specific heat of water is greater than that of land. This means
Water cools more slowly than does land
