GEOG Lab & Chapter Quizzes 1

(Ch 7) Describe the following weather conditions at Springfield, Missouri:

(a) Temperature = 37°F (b) Wind direction = West or Northwest (c) Pressure = 1017.7 mb (d) Pressure change over last 3 hours (increased or decreased) = increased by 4.4 mb

(Ch 7) Match the following parts of a midlatitude cyclone with the corresponding letter(s) on the map view diagram on p. 109 in your lab manual.

-Cold front = C -Warm front = E -Cool sector of storm = A, B, F -Warm sector of storm = D

(Ch 7)According to the cross section diagram on p. 109 in your lab manual, what direction is the cold front moving?

-to the right (east)

(Ch 7)According to the cross section diagram on p. 109 in your lab manual, what direction is the warm front moving?

-to the right (east)

(Ch 1 & 3) How much does the solar altitude in your city change over the 10-day period from 12/12-12/22? (Hint: No new calculations are necessary.) [degrees]°

0°

(Ch 1 & 3) Match the each of following S.I. units with its equivalent English unit. Use exact conversion factors and round your answers to one decimal place.

14 centimeters = 55 inches 29 meters = 95.1 feet 175 km = 108.8 miles 42 liters = 44.4 quarts 57 grams = 2.0 ounces 65 kg = 143.3 lbs 37°C = 98.6°F

(Ch 1 & 3) Match the major city with its correct latitude and longitude coordinates.

14°N 100°E Bangkok 56°N 38°E Moscow 19°N 99°W Mexico City 1°S 37°E Nairobi 37°S 175°E Auckland

(Ch 1 & 3) Declination on May 9

18°N

(Ch 1 & 3) Declination on November 18

19°S

(Ch 1 & 3) Declination on January 10

22°S

(Ch 1 & 3) What is the latitude of the vertical (direct) rays of the Sun on June 21?

23.5°N

(Ch 1 & 3) Match the each of following English units with its equivalent S.I. unit. Use exact conversion factors and round your answers to one decimal place.

3 in = 7.6 cm 4.3 ft = 1.3 m 18 yds = 16.5 meters 73 miles = 117.5 km 6.2 quarts = 5.9 liters 10 gallons = 37.9 liters 14 ounces = 396.9 grams 155 pounds = 70.4 kg 47°F = 8.3°C

(Ch 1 & 3) A satellite image of the U.S. was taken at "0900Z." What was the local standard time in Chicago (90°W)?

3am in Chicago

(Ch 1 & 3) How much does the solar altitude in your city change over the 10-day period from 3/20-3/30? (Hint: No new calculations are necessary.) [degrees]°

3°

(Ch 4) On June 22, at which latitude is the noon Sun highest in the sky?

45°N

(Ch 4) Which of the three latitudes would receive the highest insolation on 6/22?

45°N

(Ch 1 & 3) If it is 11:00 A.M. Thursday in Seattle (120°W), what time and day is it in Seoul, South Korea (135°E)?

4am Friday in Seoul, South Korea

(Ch 1 & 3) Match the each of following English units with its equivalent S.I. unit. Use exact conversion factors and round your answers to one decimal place.

55 inches = 139.7 centimeters 1774 ft = 541.1 meters 220 yds = 201.1 meters 23,900 miles = 38,455.1 km 24 quarts = 22.7 liters 300 gallons = 1135.5 liters 26 oz = 737.1 g 4500 lbs = 2043.0 kg 88°F = 31.1°C

(Ch 1 & 3) It is May 5 and you are somewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. If you determine that the noon Sun is 51° above your southern horizon, what is the latitude of your location? [degrees] °N

55°N

(Ch 1 & 3) What is the latitude of the tangent rays on June 21 in the Northern Hemisphere?

66.5°N

(Ch 1 & 3) Within which range of latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere is 24 hours of daylight experienced?

66.5°N to 90°N

(Ch 1 & 3) What is the latitude of the tangent rays on June 21 in the Southern Hemisphere?

66.5°S

(Ch 4) For how many months of the year does the North Pole receive no insolation? (Hint: see lab manual p. 59)

6; Between 5 and 7

(Ch 1 & 3) Declination on March 6

6°S

(Ch 1 & 3) Match the each of following S.I. units with its equivalent English unit. Use exact conversion factors and round your answers to one decimal place.

72 cm = 28.4 in 24 meters = 78.7 ft 1300 km = 807.3 miles 4.5 liters = 4.8 quarts 144 g = 5.0 oz 228 kg = 502.7 lbs 12°C = 53.6°F

(Ch 4) During a year, which of the three latitudes experiences the greatest variation in average daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere?

90°N

(Ch 4) Which of the three latitudes would receive the lowest insolation on 12/22?

90°N

(Ch 4) Which of the three latitudes would receive the lowest insolation on 6/22?

90°N

(Ch 7) Assuming that the storm travels to the east at a speed of 30 knots, how many hours will it take for the center of the low to reach the east coast?

Between 18 - 28

(Ch 7) Use the graphic scale to estimate the distance from the center of the storm south of Chicago to the east coast of the United States.

Between 550 - 850

(Ch 1 & 3) Match the latitude and longitude coordinates with the correct city.

Chicago, Illinois 44°N 88°W Tokyo, Japan 35°N 140°E Sydney, Australia 35°S 151°E Singapore 1°N 104°E Buenos Aires, Argentina 35°S 58°W

(Ch 7) Match the following parts of a midlatitude cyclone to the corresponding letter(s) on the cross-section diagram on p. 109 in your lab manual.

Cold front = C Warm front = E Cold air mass(es) = A, B, F Warm air mass = D

(Ch 7) Which city is more likely to receive precipitation during the next 12 hours, Columbus, Ohio or Rapid City, South Dakota?

Columbus, Ohio

(Ch 4) During a year, which of the three latitudes experiences the least variation in average daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere?

Equator

(Ch 4) Which of the three latitudes would receive the highest insolation on 12/22?

Equator

(Ch 4) In which month does the top of the atmosphere at 45°N receive its highest average daily insolation?

June

(Ch 1 & 3) During which two times of the year (six months apart) does solar altitude and length of day change most slowly from one day to the next?

June & December (solstices)

(Ch 1 & 3) During which two times of the year (six months apart) is the declination of the Sun changing most slowly, from one day to the next? (You may name the two months of the year when declination changes most slowly, or name the two special days of the year around which declination changes most slowly.)

June & December (solstices)

(Ch 1 & 3) During which two times of the year (six months apart) does solar altitude and length of day change most rapidly from one day to the next?

March & September (equinoxes)

(Ch 1 & 3) During which two times of the year (six months apart) is the declination of the Sun changing most rapidly from one day to the next? (You may name the two months of the year when declination changes most rapidly, or name the two special days of the year around which declination changes most rapidly.)

March & September (equinoxes)

(Ch 4) Which date marks the end of this period of zero insolation at the North Pole?

March 20

(Ch 4) Does the noon Sun at the North Pole ever get as high as it is on January 22 at 45°N?

No

(Ch 7) According to the diagrams on p. 109 in your lab manual, is precipitation more likely at Point D or Point C?

Point C

(Ch 4) Which date marks the beginning of this period of zero insolation at the North Pole?

September 22

(Ch 6 & 9) Why would this occur with the relative humidity between 2000m and 4000m on the windward side?

The RH is already at 100% above the LCL and so it cannot go higher even if the temperature decreases further. Instead, condensation occurs to prevent the RH from going over 100%.

(Ch 7) According to the diagrams on p. 109 in your lab manual, in which direction is the storm moving as a whole? From ....

West to East

(Ch 1 & 3) Why is the June solstice associated with the Southern Hemisphere winter?

Your Answer: Because the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun.

(Ch 1 & 3) Why does the equator receive equal day and night?

Your Answer: Because the circle of illumination is bisecting all parallels, which means that all latitudes are expecting 12 hours of day and night.

(Ch 1 & 3) If it is 10:00 A.M. Monday in Denver (based on 105°W), what time and day is it in New York City (75°W)?

Your Answer: It is 12:00 noon on Monday in New York City.

(Ch 1 & 3) If it is Friday at 3:00 P.M. daylight-saving time in Kansas City (90°W), what is the day and time in Quito, Ecuador (75°W), where daylight-saving time is not being observed? (Hint: they are NOT in the same time zone.)

Your Answer: It is 3pm on Friday in Quito, Ecuador.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) Why should Pocatello, ID expect this (wet or dry) general kind of weather?

Your Answer: Pocatello, ID should expect dry weather because it is in a high pressure area, which is a pressure system that moves slowly and will remain in that region for the next few hours.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) What explains this change in pressure in Nashville, TN?

Your Answer: Pressure decreases as the cold front is approaching

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) What explains this change in pressure in Springfield, MO?

Your Answer: Pressure increases as the cold front moves away.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) Why is this pressure change occurring at Point D?

Your Answer: Pressure is falling at point D because pressure falls as the cold front approaches.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) Why is this pressure change occurring at Point B?

Your Answer: Pressure rises as the cold front moves away.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) What explains the difference in temperature between Springfield, MO and Nashville, TN?

Your Answer: Springfield is located in the cool sector of the storm and Nashville is located in the warm sector.

(Ch 4) Why would this latitude experience the greatest variation in average daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere?

Your Answer: The North Pole (90 degrees) experiences the greatest variation because it receives 24 hours of darkness for half of the year and 24 hours of daylight during the other half, with the exception of the March and September equinoxes.

(Ch 1 & 3) In your own words, explain what you calculated when you calculated the solar altitude for May 9 above. Explain what the answer tells us, not how it was calculated (Hint: do not explain how solar altitude is calculated, tell me what it means). Be as specific as possible.

Your Answer: The answer tells us that on May 9th, at a latitude of 17°N, the Sun will be 3° above the Southern horizon.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) What explains the wind direction in Nashville, TN? (Hint: why is the wind blowing from this direction?)

Your Answer: The cold front has not yet passed Nashville, thus, the wind direction is South.

(Ch 4) Why would this latitude experience the least variation in average daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere?

Your Answer: The equator experiences the least variation because the length of day at the equator is constant throughout the year.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) Why is precipitation more likely in this city (Columbus, OH or Rapid City, SD)?

Your Answer: The heaviest precipitation occurs along the cold front and due to the midlatitude cyclone's counter-clockwise path, the cold front is headed towards Columbus, Ohio first.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) Why is precipitation more likely at this point (C or D)?

Your Answer: The heaviest precipitation occurs along the cold front because of the lifting that occurs as incoming cold air forces warm air out of that area. Due to the midlatitude cyclone's counter-clockwise direction, the cold front is approaching point C.

(Ch 4) Explain the reason(s) for this pattern of maximums and minimums at the equator.

Your Answer: The maximums occur on the March and September equinoxes because that's when the vertical rays of the Sun strike the equator. The Sun's vertical rays do not strike the equator on the solstices, thus, the June and December solstices account for the two minimums.

(Ch 6 & 9) Why would the mixing ratio be higher/lower than before it began to rise over the mountain?

Your Answer: The mixing ratio is lower because water vapor was lost during condensation above the LCL on the windward side.

(Ch 1 & 3) What happens to the length of day (the number of hours of daylight) as you move north of the equator?

Your Answer: The number of hours of daylight increase/the length of day gets longer.

(Ch 6 & 9) Why is the parcel now warmer than it was at sea level on the windward side (what is the source of the heat energy)?

Your Answer: The parcel is now warmer because of the release of latent heat during condensation on the windward side.

(Ch 6 & 9) Why would this change occur with the relative humidity on the windward side between sea level and 2000m?

Your Answer: The relative humidity increases because as air rises, it becomes under less pressure and expands.

(Ch 6 & 9) Why would this change occur with the relative humidity on the leeward side?

Your Answer: The relative humidity is decreasing because the air temperature is increasing.

*NOT YET GRADED* (Ch 7) Why is this temperature change occuring at Point C?

Your Answer: The temperature will decrease because cold fronts mark the front edge of the upcoming cold air mass.

(Ch 4) What explains this? (i.e. Why would the equator receive higher or lower average daily insolation than at 45°N?)

Your Answer: The top of the atmosphere at the equator receives lower average daily insolation because of the tilting of the Earth away from the Sun.

(Ch 4) When do the two maximums of average daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere occur at the equator? (Hint: they are 6 months apart)

Your Answer: The two maximums of daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere occur at the equator on March 22nd and on September 22nd.

(Ch 4) When do the two minimums of average daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere occur at the equator? (Hint: they are 6 months apart)

Your Answer: The two minimums of average daily insolation at the top of the atmosphere occur at the equator on June 22nd and on December 22nd.

(Ch 7) Describe the following weather conditions in Nashville, TN:

a) Temperature = 64°F b) Dew point = 51°F (c) Wind speed = 10 knots (d) Wind direction = South (e) Pressure = 1014.0 mb (f) Pressure change over last 3 hours (increased or decreased) =decreased by .5 mb

(Ch 4) What explains the difference in temperature patterns between Lihue and Kilauea?

altitude

(Ch 7) On the hypothetical weather map on p. 109 of your lab manual, are the winds rotating clockwise or counter-clockwise around the storm?

counter-clockwise

(Ch 6 & 9) On the lee side of the mountain, is the relative humidity of the parcel increasing or decreasing as it descends from 4000 meters to sea level?

decreasing

(Ch 7) What general kind of weather (wet or dry) should Pocatello, Idaho, expect over the next 24 hours?

dry

(Ch 7)According to the map view diagram on p. 109 in your lab manual, at Point D, is the pressure rising or falling?

falling

(Ch 6 & 9) On the windward side of the mountain, is the relative humidity of the parcel increasing or decreasing as it rises from sea level to 2000 meters?

increasing

(Ch 4) Which factor primarily explains the difference in temperature patterns between Fairbanks and Nome?

land-water contrasts

(Ch 4) Which factor primarily explains the different temperature patterns of St. Louis and Oakland?

land-water contrasts

(Ch 4) Why does St. Louis have colder winters than Norfolk?

land-water contrasts

(Ch 4) Why is the warmest month of summer different in St. Louis and Oakland?

land-water contrasts

(Ch 4) Which factor primarily explains the difference in temperature patterns between Fairbanks and St. Louis?

latitude

(Ch 4) Why does Lihue have a smaller annual temperature range than Oakland?

latitude

(Ch 4) In that same month, does the top of the atmosphere at the equator receive higher or lower average daily insolation than at 45°N?

lower

(Ch 6 & 9) Assuming that no water vapor is added as the parcel descends down the lee side of the mountain to sea level, is the water vapor content (the mixing ratio) of the parcel higher or lower than before it began to rise over the mountain?

lower

(Ch 6 & 9) On the windward side of the mountain, should the relative humidity of the parcel change as it rises from 2000 m to 4000 m?

no

(Ch 7) According to the diagrams on p. 109 in your lab manual, at Point B, is the pressure rising or falling?

rising

According to the map view diagram on p. 109 in your lab manual, what is the most likely wind direction at Point D? From the __________

south

(Ch 7) According to the diagrams on p. 109 in your lab manual, at Point C, what general temperature change will take place with the passing of the cold front?

temperature decrease

(Ch 7) According to the map view diagram on p. 109 in your lab manual, what is the most likely wind direction at Point B? From the __________

west

(Ch 4) Although both are coastal cities, compared to Oakland, Norfolk has a very "continental" temperature pattern. Why?

wind patterns