Geography 1001 Exam 1

According to a 2008 study, what percentage of the world's population is MORE than 2 days away fro a city of 50,000 people or more?

10%

Following WWII, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. Where was the greatest concentration of these countries?

Africa and Asia

The influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the

Anthropocene.

During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture?

Atlantic

Most developed countries are located in the Northern Hemisphere. What are notable exceptions?

Australia and New Zealand

Which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region?

Backwash effect

_______ is the sub discipline of Geography concerned with making maps.

Cartography

Which country has the highest Gross National Income in South America?

Chile

Which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semi-periphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor?

China

Why do some scholars think China will supersede the U.S. as the dominant world power?

China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.

Which of the following could a physical geographer study?

Climate and landforms.

One way geographers have thought about scale is by using ________ circles to represent the finest resolution of scale, from the individual at the center out to the global scale?

Concentric (bull's-eye)

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which is not true about the first wave (1500-1825).

Economies were focused on tourism.

What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to?

European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves.

The new institutions and development programs after WWI set the tone for how we have thought about development since.

FALSE

The International Monetary Fund is more democratic than the UN.

False

The _______ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world.

Gross National Income (GNI)

What is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere?

Haiti

Which of the following is a term used to describe dominance of one country on the global stage?

Hegemon

What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GNI?

Human Development Index

Which of the following is NOT one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of WWII?

International Reserve Bank

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scales agriculture production in the Americas and establish trade routes. What best describes this trading system?

It had global reach.

Which of the following is NOT true about the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010?

It would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985.

Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the ________ in the Pacific.

Japanese

A number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. What else should we access to economic growth?

Literacy, life expectancy, and infant mortality rate

The 45-degree line of the ________ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income.

Lorenz

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked?

Luxembourg and Switzerland

Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe-Africa-the Americas-Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy.

Manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (tobacco, rice)

_______ (per person) basis allows comparison between countries regardless of population size.

Per capita

Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are

Site and Situation

What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to?

Space.

Political Scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500-2000. What is the order?

Spain 1500s-Netherlands 1600s-Great Britain 1700&1800s-U.S. 1900s

The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European powers

Spain and Portugal

What is the degree of contact between people and places?

Spatial interaction

Another way to consider development is to measure the variability of human well-being (education, health, gender equality) in space.

TRUE

Geographers have tended to describe development as a process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants, relative to other areas.

TRUE

T-Shirt Travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating old t-shirts, has resulted in the undermining of the textile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing.

TRUE

What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (U.S., France, U.K., China, and Russia) with permanent veto power?

The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized.

Which of the following is the most remote place in the world ( in terms of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)?

The Tibetan Plateau

Which of the following is NOT consistent with strong globalization?

The global economy is significantly different from previous economies.

_________________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world.

Thinking Geographically

All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate.

True

Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st centuries. T F

True

Nations within countries are not representation in the UN. (Kurds of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Tibetans of China, or Basques of France and Spain) It makes it difficult for these groups to gain independence.

True

The Opium War (1839-1842) between Great Britain and China originated when the Chinese banned Opium sales in China for public health. However, GB main concern was a huge trade deficit it was running with China.

True

The World Bank initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following WWII.

True

As a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid?

U.S.

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members.

UN

maintain national peace and security, to develop friendly relationships.....

United Nations (UN)

Approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world?

above 40

As a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progresses through a series of stages. Select the correct order of these stages.

agricultural, industrial, service

What is the cheapest method of transporting heavy goods and materials?

by sea

The visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the _______ landscape.

cultural

The terraced rice fields of Fugato Province in the Philippines is an example of

cultural landscape.

Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable disparity between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to

digital divide.

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others.

The physical context of the earth refers to

environment.

The map of world religions demonstrates the role of _______ diffusion of ideas.

expansion

Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation

expensive.

A climate region of the world is a ___________ region.

formal

What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria?

formal region.

A public school district in the United States is a _________ region.

functional

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries?

globalization

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as

glocalization

The spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is a good example of

hierarchical diffusion.

We can see places that were tied together and places that were not tied together and places that were not by studying

historical spatial interaction

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points?

hub-and-spoke system

Research in new regional geography sees regions as

human constructs.

The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and

human geography.

In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel efficient vehicles

in response to a significant increase in gas prices.

What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

industrialization

Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and near lack of transportation characterize the U.S. These aspects are largely the result of

inexpensive oil prices.

The effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people?

level of education

One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using

longitude and latitude.

MAUP stands for

modifiable areal unit problem.

In early history (dating back to Romans and Greeks) the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was

need for resources and tribute

Besides being problematic in its own right, top-down development often experienced a lack of _________ that inhibited the longer-term sustainability of programs because local people had little interest in maintaining projects they did not initiate or request.

participation

A region that people may imagine to exists, such as "Dixie," is a

perceptual

Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a _____ geographer.

physical

The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to

place.

Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use

precipitation.

There are two basic types of maps: thematic maps and _______ maps.

reference

The study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in

regional geography.

Development ideas that emphasize structure, or the global framework under which countries operate, say that the ________ between countries are as or more important than internal policies for determining the future development of a country.

relationships

Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called

remote sensing

The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South ( developing countries) is a _______ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries.

socioeconomic and political

Geography is the study of people, place, environment, and

space.

Modern colonialism began in fifteenth-century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in this modern era was specifically on gaining

territory.

Relative location of places are shown on what type of map?

thematic

Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks?

time-space compression

A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a

toponym.

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is known as

urban hierarchies

The perception of a place refers to a way people construct their ideas about

what a place is like.

Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semi periphery, and periphery?

world-systems theory