Geography 102 Test 2

B. axis mundi

In cosmomagical cities, the most important spot in the city was the center, which represented the: Select one: A. sacred enclosure B. axis mundi C. seat of the god-king D. world model

D. land in the countryside

In the developing capitalist city, which type of urban land would be considered to have the lowest value? Select one: A. land in the city center B. land along a major thoroughfare C. land close to a river or harbor D. land in the countryside

B. also represents strong folk cultures

In various parts of the world, peasant farmers practice a diverse form of agriculture that: Select one: A. is based on modern agricultural technologies to raise bread grains, root crops, and livestock B. also represents strong folk cultures C. is a wholly subsistence economy D. has no access to irrigation or to commercial markets

D. swidden cultivation

Large-scale grain farming is made possible by all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: A. chemical fertilizers and pesticides B. large machinery C. improved seed varieties D. swidden cultivation

C. they understood that green revolution techniques would not work on the marginal land they farm

Paddy rice farmers in some parts of Thailand rejected the green revolution because: Select one: A. they refuse to allow "Western" influences into their culture B. their religion does not permit the use of synthetic fertilizers C. they understood that green revolution techniques would not work on the marginal land they farm D. they did not have the water supply necessary to implement green revolution techniques

D. places where early adherents were martyred

Pilgrimage sites fall into all of the following categories EXCEPT: Select one: A. settings for miracles B. places where a religion originated C. sacred physical feature D. places where early adherents were martyred

D. the Middle East

Since 2000, the most active region for growth in Internet usage has been: Select one: A. North America B. South America C. southeast Asia D. the Middle East

B. raw materials

The main emphasis of the primary sector of the economy is: Select one: A. manufacturing B. raw materials C. the provision of services D. the provision of information and intellectual property

A. manufacturing

The main emphasis of the secondary sector of the economy is: Select one: A. manufacturing B. the extraction of raw materials C. the provision of services D. the provision of information and intellectual property

D. services

The main emphasis of the tertiary sector of the economy is: Select one: A. extracting raw materials B. manufacturing C. information D. services

C. middle class

The people who began the gentrification process in the 1970s were usually: Select one: A. poor B. working class C. middle class D. wealthy

D. 10 million

The population of a megacity is at least: Select one: A. 1 million B. 3 million C. 5 million D. 10 million

C. tertiary sector

The set of economic activities that refers to all the different types of work necessary to move goods and resources around the world and deliver them to people (in other words, the service activities) comprise the: Select one: A. primary sector B. secondary sector C. tertiary sector D. quaternary sector

B. minarets

The tall circular towers from which Muslims are called to prayer are: Select one: A. mosques B. minarets C. onion domes D. crenellations

B. Bhutan

The term "gross national happiness" was coined in which country? Select one: A. Mongolia B. Bhutan C. Nepal D. Brunei

B. biodiversity

Traditionally, which has NOT limited the types of crops grown and the cultivation methods used? Select one: A. climate B. biodiversity C. soil D. terrain

D. Fundamentalists are more likely than the orthodox to express intolerance of other religions.

What is a primary difference between fundamentalism and orthodoxy? Select one: A. Fundamentalists are stronger in their faith than the orthodox. B. Fundamentalists tend to live in cities, the orthodox in rural areas. C. Governments are more tolerant of fundamentalists than they are of the orthodox. D. Fundamentalists are more likely than the orthodox to express intolerance of other religions.

D. 35 percent

What percentage of the world uses the Internet? Select one: A. 10 percent B. 20 percent C. 30 percent D. 35 percent

C. The Quichua grow a mixture of commercial crops for export and noncommercial, local groups for use in the local culture.

Which approach to agriculture BEST describes Quichua practices? Select one: A. The Quichua have a primarily plantation-based approach to agriculture. B. Quichua small farmers have substantial market power when selling their products in the global market. C. The Quichua grow a mixture of commercial crops for export and noncommercial, local groups for use in the local culture. D. In the twenty-first century, cultural concerns no longer influence Quichua agricultural practices.

A. agricultural production

Which concept is NOT measured by the concept of Gross National Happiness? Select one: A. agricultural production B. psychological well-being C. good governance D. ecological and cultural diversity

B. nomadic herding

Which does NOT practice sedentary cultivation? Select one: A. livestock ranching B. nomadic herding C. paddy rice farming D. plantation agriculture

B. transportation

Which factor did the ancient Romans keep uppermost in their minds when choosing city sites? Select one: A. water B. transportation C. defense D. language spoken by natives

D. Widespread popular opposition to alternative energy.

Which has NOT been a hindrance to the widespread adoption of alternative energy sources? Select one: A. The expense of building, running, and distributing these power sources. B. In the case of wind and sun, their intermittent nature. C. Potential hazards associated with them (for example, bird deaths with wind power). D. Widespread popular opposition to alternative energy.

B. Migrants from rural areas are not reproducing at a rate that will be able to sustain the population.

Which is NOT a common problem in the urban centers of the developing world? Select one: A. Unemployment rates are very high. B. Migrants from rural areas are not reproducing at a rate that will be able to sustain the population. C. Housing and infrastructure cannot be built fast enough to keep up with population increase. D. Sewage systems are insufficient to handle the burgeoning population.

A. These efforts usually fail to raise money or awareness of important issues.

Which is NOT a criticism sometimes or often leveled at celebrity development efforts? Select one: A. These efforts usually fail to raise money or awareness of important issues. B. Most media celebrities are not trained economists, climate change scientists, medical doctors, educators, or social workers. C. Celebrity development efforts tend to portray the Global South and its residents as passive victims of calamity who are waiting for wealthy Westerners to rescue them. D. Celebrity development efforts are often more about enhancing the celebrity's individual brand than about any true concern for people and places.

A. a semiautonomous region within a larger country

Which is NOT a part of the modern definition of a state as geographers define it? Select one: A. a semiautonomous region within a larger country B. an independent political unit C. centralized authority D. bounded territory

A. Underground aquifers are being replenished as the great icebergs of the Arctic region melt.

Which is NOT a problem that has resulted from agricultural production? Select one: A. Underground aquifers are being replenished as the great icebergs of the Arctic region melt. B. Drainage and land reclamation destroy wetlands and the associated biodiversity. C. Heavy irrigation has led to the shrinking of lakes and an unhealthy "dust bowl" as dust blows from the dry lakebed. D. Synthetic fertilizers enter freshwater systems as pollution, lowering water quality and destroying aquatic habitat.

B. Because Ganesha, the god of wisdom and education, is represented as a cow, people are afraid of angering the Cow God.

Which is NOT a reasonable explanation for the refusal by many Indians to eat beef? Select one: A. Cows' milk provides dairy products that are central to regional cuisines. B. Because Ganesha, the god of wisdom and education, is represented as a cow, people are afraid of angering the Cow God. C. Cows provide tilling labor in the fields. D. Cows provide free fertilizer in the form of dung.

D. personal services

Which is NOT a subset of the service industry? Select one: A. consumer services B. producer services C. transportation/communication services D. personal services

D. reduce overall mortality rates

Which is NOT one of the 2015 Millennium Development Goals? Select one: A. promote gender equality and empower women B. improve maternal health C. develop a global partnership for development D. reduce overall mortality rates

C. They are polytheistic.

Which is NOT true of proselytic religions? Select one: A. They actively seek new members. B. They are sometimes called universalizing religions. C. They are polytheistic. D. They include Islam and Christianity.

B. the rise of gated communities

Which is an indicator that the urban wealthy have in some ways "opted out" of the global city? Select one: A. a lack of public parks B. the rise of gated communities C. the tendency of the wealthy to flee to rural locations D. the shrinking number of wealthy people in global cities

B. Population growth in the next 30 years will continue to be greatest in the cities of more-developed countries.

Which of these generalizations about current urbanization is NOT correct? Select one: A. Highly industrialized countries have higher rates of urbanized population than do less-developed countries. B. Population growth in the next 30 years will continue to be greatest in the cities of more-developed countries. C. Urban growth in less-developed countries is driven by rural-to-urban migration and higher-than-average fertility rates of recent immigrants. D. It is difficult to make comparisons because urban areas are defined differently in each country.

A. animist religions

Which religions usually place only a subtle mark on the landscape? Select one: A. animist religions B. Catholic religions C. Protestant religions D. Judaism and Buddhism

D. Extensive activities correspond with larger farm units closer to the market in order to compensate for transportation costs.

Which spatial pattern would you NOT find if you were to analyze agricultural production in the context of von Thünen's model? Select one: A. Investment in non-transport-related energy inputs is highest nearest to the market. B. Less perishable products are grown farther away from the market. C. Land values are higher, farms are smaller, and production is most intensive nearest to the market. D. Extensive activities correspond with larger farm units closer to the market in order to compensate for transportation costs.

C. Their unsustainable type of agriculture tends to be ecologically damaging.

Which statement about most shifting cultivators is NOT true? Select one: A. Their traditional methods have endured for millennia and reveal a deep knowledge of the environment. B. They can return more calories of food per energy unit spent in food production than can contemporary mechanized agriculture. C. Their unsustainable type of agriculture tends to be ecologically damaging. D. In poor countries with large populations of landless peasants, shifting cultivators are often encroaching on the forests.

C. The natural flow of water has picked up key minerals as it passed through the forest litter.

Why is the water used in the Honghe Hani rice terraces rich with nutrients? Select one: A. Farmers use only water that has come from underground, not any water that has flown from higher elevations. B. The water is distributed via an irrigation channel constructed of metal, which provides copper and zinc particles. C. The natural flow of water has picked up key minerals as it passed through the forest litter. D. The water is filled with bacteria that breaks down into important nutrients as sunlight acts upon the bacteria.

C. St. Patrick

With which Christian saint is the Voudou god Danbala usually associated? Select one: A. St. Francis B. St. Teresa C. St. Patrick D. St. Matthew

C. the urban half of the world's population lives on only 3 percent of Earth's land

Cities are sometimes criticized for representing an unsustainable type of development because of their environmental demands and impacts. A counterargument, however, is that: Select one: A. industrialization goes hand in hand with urbanization B. Las Vegas is one of the fastest-growing urban areas in the United States, yet it is located in a desert C. the urban half of the world's population lives on only 3 percent of Earth's land D. urban living often leads to rising levels of consumption

A. a class of technical specialists

The hydraulic civilization model of urban development suggests that _____ were the first urban dwellers. Select one: A. a class of technical specialists B. ex-agriculturalists C. an intellectual elite D. a religious elite

C. state

A centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries is a: A. nation B. exclave C. state D. heartland

C. is dominated by a relatively homogeneous cultural group.

A nation-state is an independent country that: Select one: A. includes at least one exclave B. has only one official language C. is dominated by a relatively homogeneous cultural group. D. is not a member of any economic union, such as the EU or ASEAN

B. unitary

A system in which power is concentrated centrally, with little or no provincial authority, is described as: Select one: A. relic B. unitary C. supranational D. federal

D. 2000

About how many religious denominations and cults can be found in the United States today? Select one: A. 375 B. 850 C. 1475 D. 2000

False

According to Dr. Applegate, we can understand the geography of the political economy as a binary construction with two sides battling with each other for control. Select one: True False

B. nationalism

According to John Agnew, the two world wars of the twentieth century were caused primarily by: Select one: A. colonialism B. nationalism C. wealth disparity D. ego

B. The practice of marking territorial borders originated in Asia.

According to Robert Sack, all of the following are true EXCEPT: Select one: A. Territoriality is a cultural strategy. B. The practice of marking territorial borders originated in Asia. C. The modern territorial state emerged in sixteenth-century Europe. D. The modern state diffused around the globe by way of European colonialism.

C. missionaries

According to the documentary on Buddha available on Moodle and shown in class, the diffusion of Buddhism during the reign of King Ashoka was accomplished by __________________. Select one: A. war B. luck C. missionaries D. the Buddha himself

True

According to the documentary on Buddha shown in class and available on Moodle, Buddhism has, ironically, become focused on a single person, despite the Buddha's teachings. Select one: True False

C. people from specific ethnic groups and geographical locations have knowledge of certain plants and agricultural techniques that may give insight into agricultural diffusion

Agricultural diffusion includes "analysis of the cultures and indigenous technical knowledge systems in which they are embedded," which means: Select one: A. domesticated agriculture arrived in the Western Hemisphere with Europeans B. relocation diffusion is the most significant force in spreading domesticated plants C. people from specific ethnic groups and geographical locations have knowledge of certain plants and agricultural techniques that may give insight into agricultural diffusion D. the green revolution has succeeded in Asia but has been a failure in Africa

D. how close the farms are to their markets

Dairy products vary from region to region in North America depending on: Select one: A. the particular breed of cows B. the areal extent of the dairy farm C. whether hay is produced as winter feed D. how close the farms are to their markets

A. semiautonomous enclaves

Native American reservations in the United States are best described as: Select one: A. semiautonomous enclaves B. exclaves C. independent states D. elongated tribal states

A. Buddhists

Of the following religions, whose adherents are LEAST likely to embark on pilgrimages? Select one: A. Buddhists B. Christians C. Muslims D. Hindus

A. Sikhism

The Adi Granth is the sacred book of: Select one: A. Sikhism B. Jainism C. Taoism D. Sunni Islam

B. the rich North and the poor South

The Brandt Line divided the world into which two regions? Select one: A. the Christian East and the Muslim West B. the rich North and the poor South C. the humid East and the dry South D. the English-speaking world and the non-English-speaking world

D. Oakland

The California city that took over San Francisco's position as the leading port city of the region is: Select one: A. San Bruno B. Milpitas C. Millbrae D. Oakland

B. beef

The Cargill and ConAgra companies control much of the supply in which industry? Select one: A. oil B. beef C. sheep D. wheat

A. Nestorians

The Christians who live in India's Kerala state are the: Select one: A. Nestorians B. Coptics C. Armenians D. Maronites

B. 2500

The U.S. Census Bureau defines a city as a densely populated area with a minimum of _____ inhabitants. Select one: A. 1000 B. 2500 C. 50,000 D. 100,000

B. range

The average person will travel 10 miles to buy a new pair of shoes. According to Christaller, 10 miles would be considered the: Select one: A. threshold B. range C. central place D. maximin statistic

D. Latin America

The countries of _____ are generally considered the best-prepared for disaster. Select one: A. North America B. Europe C. Asia D. Latin America