Geography 2600 Study Guide 4

15. Which two regions have population densities lower than population density for the country as a whole?

b. The Territorial North and Western Canada. pg 120

42. After 1971, the major source of immigrants to Canada was what region?

c) Asia

39. Multiculturalism is the opposite of what?

c) Ethnocentricity p.140

30. Which region has the largest number of Indigenous peoples?

c) Western Canada p.133

31. In which region does the Indigenous population account for the largest percentage share of total population?

c) Western Canada p.133

5. While most of Canada's population growth now comes from immigration, this was not always the case. Until which census year did most of Canada's population growth come from natural increase?

c. 1986. pg 117

1. At the start of 2016, what was Canada's population?

c. 36 million. Pg 116

22. What percentage of Canadians was classified as "urban" in 2015?

c. 83%. pg 126

7. Nearly 60 per cent of Canada's population lives in the most densely populated of Bone's four population zones.

T. pg 121

3. The population of the census metropolitan area (CMA) of Toronto is approximately 6.1 million.

T. pg 127

8. Between 1996 and 2011, the number of Canadians who identified their ethnic origin as either "French" or "English" remained constant.

T. pg 136

34. Between 2001 and 2011, which region of Canada recorded the highest percentage change in its Indigenous population by identity?

a) Quebec p.133

28. Which of the following is not a factor in Canada's aging population?

a) The Canadian government's decision to increase immigration levels to 300,000 people annually. pg. 129

38. During the 2015 federal election, which of the following became a topic of debate?

a) The niqab p.138

21. To be classed as a census metropolitan area (CMA), what population must an urban area have?

a. 10,000 people. pg 126

20. Bone's core population zone contains what percentage of Canada's total population?

a. 40% pg 121

23. Which of the following regions is least urbanized?

a. Atlantic Canada. pg 125

6. The late pre-industrial phase of the demographic transition theory is characterized by which of the following?

a. High birth rates and low death rates. pg. 117

18. Canada's most heavily populated region is home to nearly three-quarters of Canadians and is located which part of Canada?

a. In a corridor running through the Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Lowlands between Quebec City and Windsor. pg 121

4. From 2001-2016, which region experienced the highest rate of population growth?

a. Ontario. pg 117

14. Which term refers to the dispersal of people within a geographic area?

a. population distribution. pg 121

37. Recognizing the increasingly diverse nature of Canada's population, the federal government adopted which policy in 1971?

b) Multiculturalism p.138

2. What is the projected population of Canada by 2025?

b. 40 million. pg 116

11. In which period did the number of immigrants to Canada peak?

b. Between 1912 and 1913. pg 120

9. Up until 2006, where did the largest percentage of immigrants to Canada choose to settle?

b. Ontario. pg 119

12. Which term refers to the number of people within a given geographic area divided by the size of that geographic area?

b. Population density. pg 121

7. In the post-industrial phase of the demographic transition theory, what is the rate of natural increase?

c. Constant. pg 118

13. Which term refers to a country's core population zone?

c. Ecumene. pg 121

17. Canada can be divided into how many population zones, as described in Bone?

c. Four. pg 121

3. . According to Bone, the two key features of Canada's population geography are the concentration of population along the border with the United States and which of the following?

c. The shift in the centre of population gravity to the West. pg 116

10. Since 2007, where has the largest percentage of immigrants to Canada chosen to settle?

c. Western Canada. pg 119

35. According to the 2011 census, what is the leading ethnic group in Canada?

d) Canadian p.136

33. Between 2001 and 2011, which region of Canada recorded the lowest percentage change in its Indigenous population by identity?

d) Territorial North p.133

19. Which of the following best describes Canada's population distribution?

d) Uneven p. 120

8. At the present time, immigration accounts for approximately what proportion of Canada's annual population increase?

d. About two-thirds. pg 119

16. Which region has the highest population density?

d. Ontario. pg 120

13. What are Canada's four core values as identified by Bone?

1) Government is based on British parliamentary institutions and the rule of law 2) 2 official languages ensure a place for English as well as French 3) indigenous peoples have special rights 4) tradition and law are encapsulated in the Canadian Constitution, which includes the Charter of Rights and Freedoms

10. According to Bone, the federal government encourages immigration for what three reasons? Do you agree with the government's rationale?

1) Newcomers keep Canada's population increasing, which is believed necessary for economic growth 2) Newcomers add valuable members to Canada's workforce and invest capital in Canadian enterprises. 3) Canada takes in a limited number of refugees who are fleeing oppressive sociopolitical conditions in their homelands.

9. What were the major trends in Canadian immigration between 1901 and 2015?

1) People remained concentrated along the southern border with the United States 2) Population had shifted to the West 3) Large cities continue to increase in size 4) Newcomers prefer to settle in large cities

12. Identify and discuss briefly the two factors Bone asserts have been primarily responsible for the urbanization of Canada's population?

1) concentration of Canadians near the US boarder 2) The shift of the centre of population gravity to the West

4. With reference to Bone's four population zones, describe the distribution of Canada's population. What factors account for this distribution?

1. Core zone: densely populated 2. Secondary zone: moderately populated 3. Tertiary zone : sparsely populated 4. Empty zone: Isolated settlements 1.Canada's core population zone is situated in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands as the most naturally favoured physiographic region. 2.Secondary zone is southernly portions of the Appalachian Uplands-increasing slowly and unevenly 3.Sparsely populated areas has boreal forest that stretches across mid canada 4.Isolated settlements lies in the Arctic and northern edge of boreal forest. Cold climates.

29. Some estimates place the size of the First Nations and Inuit population at the time of contact with Jacques Cartier as high as 500,000; however, by the 1901 census this figure had plummeted to approximately what number?

127,941 or c) 130,000 pg. 131

27. According to projections by Statistics Canada, by 2051 the percentage of Canadians 65 years of age and older is estimated to be approximately what?

24.7% p.129 or 25%

24. What is the fourth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada?

Calgary (Atla) in 2015 pg. 127

25. Between 2006 and 2015, which Canadian CMA experienced the highest rate of population growth?

Calgary (Atla) pg.127

2. According to the demographic transition theory, what changes occur as an economy evolves from the pre-industrial to the post-industrial stage?

Companies gear their products to meet strong demand created by 'baby boomers' then as they reach old age there is a new need for health care services and they have a larger tax burden.

6. What was the baby boom? Why did it occur and what were its consequences?

During the late 1940s and into the early 1970s birth rates ceased to decline and, instead, increased sharply due to improved economic conditions. As they get older their jobs will need to be replaced and with less young people to fill those jobs they may need to be filled from other countries, demands shift from schools and goods to health care and elderly costs.

1. What is the difference between "ethnicity" and "culture"?

Ethnic group is the people who have shared awareness of a common identity and who identify themselves with a particular culture. Culture is the sum of attitudes, habits, knowledge, and values shared by members of a society and passed on to their children.

30. Canada's policy of multiculturalism reflects John Ralston Saul's classification of Canada as a "hard" country.

F. "soft" country p.138

14. A census metropolitan area (CMA) is an urban area of at least one million people.

F. 100,000. pg 126

22. The highest annual number of immigrants in Canada's history was recorded in 1962

F. 1911 p.120

17. The baby boom occurred from the early 1920s to the late 1940s

F. 1947-1966

6. By 2061, the percentage of seniors in Canada is expected to reach 45 per cent.

F. 25.5%. pg 129

4. Canada is the third largest country in the world in terms of area.

F. 2nd.

1. Canada is home to approximately 300 million people.

F. 36 million. pg 116

16. From 2006 to 2011, the greatest rate of population increase in a census metropolitan area occurred in Toronto.

F. Calgary (Alta) p.127 33.4%

12. There are no cities larger than 10,000 people in the sparsely populated zone of Canada.

F. Fort McMurray 78,000 p.122

19. Since 2001, the number of Canadians declaring no religious affiliation fell by 3 million people.

F. Grew by 3million (4.9mil to 7.9mil) p.137

20. Canada's old age dependency ratio is decreasing.

F. Increasing p.130

15. There are two census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in the Territorial North.

F. No city in the Territorial North qualifies as a CMA p.126

2. Since 2001, Western Canada has experienced the country's highest rate of population growth.

F. Ontario. pg 117

10. Of Canada's six regions, Québec has the highest population density.

F. Ontario. pg 121

13. Fort McMurray is an example of a regional administrative centre.

F. Resource town p.123

23. Since 1971, the majority of immigrants to Canada have come from Asia.

F. p. 119

3. Between 1851 and 1941, Canada's crude birth rate fell from 45.0 to 22.4. What explains this decline?

Immigration began to replace natural increase.

9. Despite being the second largest country by geographic area, Canada has one of the world's lowest population densities.

T. pg 120

8. What is the age dependency ratio? Summarize the projected trends in the age dependency ratio for Canada.

It is the number of persons in the "dependent" age groups (under 20 and over 64) per 100 persons in the "economically productive" age group (between 20 and 64). This rough measure offers and indication of the economic burden on those in the economically productive age group. This ratio has remained steady for the past several years about 60 persons to 100 in the working age population but by 2056 the ratio will have climbed to 84 per 100. With 50 seniors for every 100 economically productive.

15. What are the major phases through which Canada's Indigenous population have passed?

Lack of food resources, disease from Europeans, high fertility and low death rates.

5. The Territorial North accounts for less than 1 per cent of Canada's population.

T. pg 121

14. How and why does culture take on a different meaning in Québec as compared with English speaking Canada?

Quebec is the only region to still have strong French language speaking people. When newcomers come to Canada, they are to learn English unless sent to Quebec.

28. The rate of natural increase for Indigenous Canadians and recent immigrants are both higher than the national average.

T.

26. In the 1960s, nearly 90 per cent of Canadians declared themselves to be Christian.

T. (In 1971)

11. Together, the densely and moderately populated zones of Canada account for 99 per cent of its population.

T. p.122

24. In the 2011 census, the most frequently reported ethnic origin was "Canadian."

T. p.136

27. The total Aboriginal population (by ancestry) in Canada in 2011 was 1.9 million

T. p.136

25. "Multiculturalism" is an official policy of the Canadian government.

T. p.138

21. Ethnocentricity is the opposite of multiculturalism.

T. p.140

29. Statistics Canada projects that by 2031, nearly 30 per cent of Canada's population will be foreign-born.

T. p.143

18. In the early industrial phase of the demographic transition theory, the rate of natural increase is very low

T. p118

11. Describe the settlement geography of the Territorial North. How does it differ from Canada's ecumene?

Territorial North is population density is under 1%, where as ecumene is describes as largely populated and land that is settles on.

7. What are the main features of the demographic transition theory?

The demographic transition theory provides a general framework for all countries that pass from a pre-industrial economy to an industrial one. This theory calls for the death rate to decline well before the birth rate, resulting in a population explosion. 1. Late pre-industrial - high birth and death rates 2. Early industrial - falling death rates 3. Late industrial - Falling birth rates 4. Early post-industrial - Low birth and death rates 5. Late post-industrial - Birth rate at or below zero p. 118

26. Between 2006 and 2015, which Canadian CMA experienced the lowest rate of population growth?

Thunder Bay (Ont.) pg.127

5. Describe Canadian urbanization trends between 1901 and 2015.

Urban population has increased because of two primary factors: 1. The arrival of immigrants has greatly added to urban growth, especially in the larger cities. 2. The stream of rural Canadians abandoning the countryside for urban places remains a powerful factor. More recently, Indigenous people have added to the growth of cities.

43. The Indian Act (1876) and the federal government's residential school policy shared which common objective?

a) Assimilation p. 143

41. Prior to 1961, the major source of immigrants to Canada was what region?

a) Europe

36. Since the 2001 Census, which of the following religions has grown the most?

a) Islam p.137

32. Between 1940 and 1960, Canada's Indigenous population was relatively stable as high fertility rates were offset by high mortality rates. This situation was consistent with which phase of the demographic transition theory?

a) Late pre-industrial p.118

40. Between 2006 and 2014, the highest percentage increase in Canada's immigrant population took place in which of the following regions?

a) Ontario