Geography Chapter 25

When did Arabs invade? In what country have we studied did this also happen to? What did the Arabs bring?

640s A.D. Egypt. a new religion, Islam, and a new language, Arabic.

How much of Libya's exports does oil make up?

99%

What has the exports in Algeria raised?

Algeria's standard of living

What desert is on the east side of the Nile?

Arabian Desert

What do the majority of the people in North Africa speak?

Arabic

What became the official language? the official religion?

Arabic. Islam.

fellaheen

Egyptian peasants

What is Egypt's reservoir called?

Lake Nasser

Name the North African countries west of Egypt.

Libya and the Maghreb nations

What desert is on the west side of the Nile?

Libyan Desert

What is the climate in the coastal areas of North Africa?

Mediterranean with hot, sunny summers and cool, rainy winters.

What is the world's longest river?

Nile River

What is the only arable land in the desert? Why?

Oases. due to the pressure of water.

Where is the Sinai Peninsula located?

Southwest Asia

What problem is the city facing in Libya and the Maghreb? (in urban areas). What are scarce?

The major cities attract more rural people than they can absorb. Housing and jobs for unskilled laborers are scarce.

What is the name of one of the most distinctive nomad groups in Libya and the Maghreb? What does their name mean?

Tuaregs. free men.

Name the nations found in the Maghreb region.

Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco

What did Muammar Qaddafi establish in Libya?

a form of socialism.

What are medinas centered around? (in urban areas)

a great mosque

What do Tunisia and Morocco export?

a lot of manufactured goods.

What was one of Muammar Qaddafi's goals?

a more equal distribution of wealth in Libya.

reservoir

a natural or artificial lake used to store water for human needs

What creates sandstorms? Where do they come from?

a special wind from Egypt

What did the area become? Between who? Also an important center of what?

a vital center of trade between Europe, Africa, and Asia. learning.

Where does the majority of the people in North Africa live?

along the Mediterranean coast.

What did the president build during the 1960s?

an enormous dam that would store Nile floodwaters in a vast reservoir.

Ancient Egyptians were among the first people to set up what two things? What did they invent?

an organized government and religion. a written language.

What is it called when farmers built long walls around their fields to trap water and silt?

basin irrigation

wadis

dry riverbeds (catch rainwater in the desert)

When were camels introduced to North Africa?

during the period of Roman rule

What is the climate away from the coast in North Africa?

extremely dry climate of the Sahara

What were the animals used for in northbound caravans?

for contests in Roman amphitheaters

What did northbound caravans carry?

gold and animals

What are the fellaheen able to do because of the river?

grow impressive crops without modern machinery.

What is basin irrigation good for?

growing crops

What would farmers do during a flood?

had long built walls around their fields to trap this water and silt.

Where do the farmers that live in mud or stone houses in Libya and the Maghreb get water?

have to get it from a well daily.

How did people cross the desert in Libya and Maghreb?

in caravans

Where does the world's longest river begin? How far does it flow? Where does it empty?

in central Africa and flows northward for 4,160 miles before it empties into the Mediterranean Sea.

Where does 99% of Egypt's population live?

in the Delta or Nile River Valley.

Where does about half of the populations of Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia live?

in urban areas

What is negative about basin irrigation?

it does not work year-round and it didn't control the heavy flooding

Until recently, what did the Nile do every year?

it flooded

delta

land formed by soil in the water that is dropped as the river slows and enters the sea.

caravans

large groups of merchants who joined together to travel in safety.

souks

market areas

What percent of Egyptians are Muslim today?

more than 90%.

Where does 96% of the exports in Algeria come from?

oil and natural gas

Who is it easier for people on the coast of North Africa to communicate with? Why? (2 reasons)

other countries rather than countries in the interior of the continent. Because no navigable rivers, and the desert and the mountains make travel difficult.

What did Muammar Qaddafi do in 1969 in Libya? (2 things)

overthrew the pro- Western king and abolished the monarchy.

What system is based on Lake Nasser?

perennial system

In 1951, Libya was one of the ___________________ nations in Africa.

poorest.

What did camels allow North Africans to establish?

regular trade with the people living south of the Sahara.

What did the floods do to the land?

replenished/refreshed the fields with minerals (water and silt) that formed a rich, fertile soil.

What did southbound caravans carry? Who was this valuable to?

salt. to people in tropical climates.

What would the government do if it caught any Libyan with extra houses or dinar (their kind of money)?

seize the property

What has threatened the Tuaregs' way of life? What are they forced to do? What might disappear?

severe droughts. settle in villages and work on farms in order to survive. It is possible that their ancient way of life will soon disappear.

What is the nickname of a camel?

ships of the desert

What are the narrow streets and alleys lined with in urban areas?

shops and souks

What kind of houses do farmers live in in Libya and the Maghreb? Describe the house.

small, rural villages and live in mud or stone houses that may have only one room. if they have one window it is probably only one and it faces the courtyard and a courtyard.

What did Muammar Qaddafi's form of socialism combine?

strict adherence to Islamic traditions with some modern political reforms.

perennial system

system that provides water for agriculture all through the year.

What did Qaddafi order?

that no Libyan could have more than one house or more than $3,400 in savings.

Who invaded Egypt in 642 AD?

the Arabs

What is the name of the dam that the president built during the 1960s that would store Nile floodwaters in a vast reservoir called Lake Nasser?

the Aswan High Dam

What is the area between the Nile's two branches known as?

the Nile Delta

What is the Sinai Peninsula east of?

the Suez Canal

What have the Tuaregs resisted?

the control of any government

What changed Libya being one of the poorest nations in Africa?

the discovery of oil.

medinas

the older Arab sections of North African cities.

What made Egypt vulnerable to invaders?

their location at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe.

What problems came from the Aswan High Dam?

there was no silt to fertilize the land which left a high salt content in the land.

Why do camels have that nickname? (ships of the desert is the nickname)

they are well adapted to desert conditions. (they can travel several days without water)

sandstorm

they blow hot air, dust, and grit into the Nile Valley.

What is the government encouraging Algerians to do? Why?

to continue farming instead of flocking to the cities. Because this would decrease the amount of food they would have to export.

What was Qaddafi's second goal besides a more equal distribution of wealth in Libya?

to root out Western influences.

What is Egypt a land of? What are they separated by?

wide, forbidding deserts divided by a single large river, the Nile.