Geography Exam #1

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as:

urban hierarchies

The perception of place refers to a way people construct their ideas about:

what a place is like

Globalization of the world's people and places began about:

1500

The standard, horizontal grid lines on a map or globe are referred to as:

Latitude lines or parallel lines

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked?

Luxembourg and Switzerland

the first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers

Spain and Portugal

In cities, one often sees a radial network of commuter trains that goes out from the central business district (CBD) of a city to residential neighborhoods and suburbs. Why has the growth of businesses within the city suburbs led to massive traffic congestion?

The hub and spoke system favors train travel to the city, but makes train travel from suburb to suburb inconvenient.

What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials?

by sea

_________ is the subdiscipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps.

cartography

Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks?

time-space compression

Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth:

to places most connected to the hearth

All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate.

true

Because of the varying criteria and conceptions of world regions, it is possible for some countries to appear in more than one region

true

Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century.

true

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more?

10%

In 2014, scientists estimated that what percentage of the air pollution in Los Angeles, California, actually originated in China?

12 to 24 %

The greenhouse effect keeps the earth at a livable temperature. About how many degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) cooler would earth would be without the greenhouse effect?

60

there were two waves of global colonialism between 1500 and 1975. which of the following is not true of the first wave?

Europeans colonized the interior of Africa.

which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of Bretton Woods conference at the close of WW2

International reserve bank

Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the _____________ in the Pacific.

Japanese

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members.

United Nations

To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II.

United Nations

The world climate regions as classified and defined by _______________ and modified by Alan Arbogast may be used to denote regions.

Wladimir Koppen

As a result of environmental scrutiny from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), what does the World Bank now require for World Bank-sponsored projects?

a) environmental impact statements

The effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. Which of the following is a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people?

all of the above

The influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the:

anthropocene

Why do some scholars think China will supersede the United States as the dominant world superpower?

china has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world

The visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the ___________ landscape

cultural

The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of:

cultural landscape

Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable gap between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the:

digital divide

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to:

enhance connectivity for some communities while managing others

The physical context of Earth refers to:

environment

The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ______________ diffusion of ideas.

expansion

Landlocked countries face particular accessibility problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation:

expensive

There is basically one way to correctly regionalize the world in geography textbooks.

false

. A climate region of the world is a ________________ region.

formal

What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria?

formal region

A public school district in the United States is a _________________ region

functional

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations between and among countries

globalization

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as:

glocalization

Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for global warming, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as:

greenhouse gases

The origin or place that a new idea or technology is initially devised is referred to as the:

hearth

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage?

hegemony

The spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is a good example of

hierarchal diffusion

We can see places that were connected and those that were not, by studying:

historical spatial interaction

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points?

hub-and-spoke system

Research in new regional geography sees regions as:

human constructs

A study of migrant workers from Indonesia going to Saudi Arabia is a study of:

human geography

The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and _____________.

human geography

In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel efficient vehicles:

in response to a significant increase in gas prices

what fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

industrialization and competition

Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of:

inexpensive oil prices and government policy

Every place on Earth has a location signified by:

longitude and latitude

in early history (dating back to greeks and romans) the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was

need for resources and tribute

A region that people may imagine to exist, such as "Dixie," is a:

perceptual

Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a ______________ geographer.

physical

The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to:

place

Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use:

precipitation

A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network?

radial network

There are two basic types of maps: thematic maps and ______________ maps.

reference

Understanding the distinct context behind the transmission of AIDS in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America is using a _____________approach.

regional

The study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in:

regional geography

A name of a place that evokes a sense of what a locality is like, or conveys the attributes of a place, is referred to as a:

regional identifier

Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called

remote sensing

Multiple subregions exist within a large area such as Africa (West Africa, East Africa, etc.). This is an example of the importance of _____________ in the study of regions.

scale

Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are:

site and situation

. What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to?

space

1. Geography is the study of people, place, environment, and:

space

What is the degree of contact between people and places

spatial interaction

We often perceive regions to exist even though we have never been to them. A strong example of regional perception in the United States is:

the South

Given your knowledge of the modifiable areal unit problem, you would most likely conclude:

the scale of analysis, and shape of the areal unit, may influence ones study results.

What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power?

the security council's decisions are some of the most politicized

Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map?

thematic

. _____________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world.

thinking geographically