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Geography Study

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20. Zooming ends when:( 3.6.1-1 ) You reach the limits of the map's resolution Features are 0.1mm across The map extent is the same as the screen size The level of detail is lowest Zooming never ends

20. What mapping service is offered by the Department of Agriculture's National Resource Conservation service?:( 12.4-4 ) twitter feeds Openstreetmap.org the Web Soil Survey Seedsbymail.gov the National Map Viewer

21. How many numbered UTM zones are there?( 5.5.1-5 ) 12 2 end zones, 20 main zones 60 110 111,111

21. Mercator's projection was and is most useful for( 4.17-2 ) Showing population statistics Making historical maps Navigation out of sight of land Its equal spacing of parallels Its unequal spacing of meridians

2. Grids and coordinate systems refer only to points and squares. What do land partitioning systems refer to?( 6.1-2 ) Points Lines Areas, polygons and parcels Topography The earth's core

20. On USGS 1:24,000 topographic map, section lines and numbers are shown in:( 6.4.2-11 ) Black Blue Red Green Pink

18. The average speed of walking on a hard level surface, such as a road, when walking and running in minutes per kilometer is:( 11.3-5 ) 36 and 24 24 and 12 24 and 6 9 and 6 6 and 2

3. Why are place names not completely adequate for describing locations?( 5.1-2 ) They depend on language They are not unique They vary over time There are many places with the same name All of the above

4. Social networking web sites that use geographical location include:( 12.1-6 ) Facebook Twitter Google Latitude Friendster all of these and more

4. Where do we absolutely need coordinates?( 5.2.2-1 ) Where there are no landmarks Where all landmarks are the same as each other Where landmarks have been removed or destroyed When you are lost All of the above

24. A map showing today's air temperature using colors between isolines of the 70s, 80s, 90s, etc shows what type of data?:( 17.7-5 ) continuous discrete nominal reference indiscrete

25. In Google Earth, you navigate using:( 22.3-3 ) a toolbar the shows and controls orientation, tilt, pan and zoom a steering wheel pull down menus your hands thought waves

3. Which of the following are commonly represented in a Warntz Network?( 15.2-2 ) stream channels, pits, and saddle points slope, elevation, and concavity plate boundaries, folding and faulting bridges, tunnels, and rail lines all of the above

13. The practice of determining the geometric properties of objects from photographic images is called:( 16.3-5 ) aerial photography spectometry photogrammetry resection photogeometry

14. A distribution with a repeating form is called:( 18.3-7 ) clustered random a pattern a drumlin distance decay

7. Road distances in the United States are measured with reference to:( 8.2-15 ) the Washington meridian the zero mile marker in Washington DC Meades ranch in Kansas (0, 0) the price of gas

8. A map showing the major highways in the US as red lines is an example of what kind of map:( 17.3-5 ) area interval line nominal line interval line ratio area interval

13. A distance table only shows half of the distance matrix because:( 8.2-14 ) it saves printing cost return trips are unnecessary distances from A to B are assumed to be equal to B to A federal law prevents showing the whole matrix all of the above

1. A system of lines or channels that cross or interconnect is a:( 19.1-3 ) planar graph Facebook network diameter all of the above

1. The feature model divides a map's contents into:( 8.1-1 ) patches, landscapes and metrics features, classes and objects points, lines and areas lakes, streams and glaciers planimeters

1. Topographic and world outline maps are examples of what type of cartography?( 17.1-2 ) dasymetric thematic reference artistic all of these

12. A fully connected aspatial planar graph has 20 links. Compared to this a second network that has a connectivity of 0.5. How many links does the second network have?:( 19.3-7 ) 20 15 10 n (n - 1) /2 impossible to tell

14. If a point is at (1,1) in an arbitrary coordinate system using meters, and another point is at (2,2). The distance between them is:( 8.2-5 ) 1m 2m 1.414m 2.828m 10 000 000m

15. How can spatial changes be detected and interpreted?( 24.3-2 ) Using a time line Using a changeometer on a map Using multiple co-registered maps or images Using wikipedia By waiting for change to happen

15. In this module, Google Street View was illustrated using:( 22.5-3 ) East Liverpool, Ohio The Eiffel Tower, Paris Union Square, New York Times Square, New York Lafayette Square, Washington DC

7. In a planar graph:( 19.2-2 ) all links are directed all links are symmetrical links cannot cross the graph is aspatial all nodes link to all other nodes

5. What is an automated system for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data?: ( 21.5-2 ) photogrammetry computer assisted cartography visual analytics remote sensing a geographic information system

1. A multivariate map can show:( 20.1-2 ) one theme over time two or more themes relationships among variables use of animation, small multiples, or choropleths all of the above

1. Cartography's sister disciplines are:( 21.6-2 ) photogrammetry computer assisted cartography visual analytics remote sensing all of the above plus geographic information systems/science

1. Using cartometry, we can measure characteristics of:( 18.1-11 ) line features patterns distributions shapes all of the above

1. What spatial reasoning skills are deeply embedded in humans?( 24.1-2 ) positioning direction-finding navigation spatial search all of these

1. Which is true of geobrowsers?( 22.1-2 ) A geobrowser is a search engine for the world wide web that conducts searches based on some characteristic of location At a geobrowser's highest level it can browse imagery anywhere on earth, act as a virtual globe, integrate information Can search geotagged photos, videos and panoramas Can see oblique views and 3D models of landscapes and buildings All of the above

1. Which of the following have contributed error to height measurements throughout history?( 16.1-2 ) imprecise geodetic models imprecise measurement methods atmospheric conditions local gravity variation all of the above

10. Forces that create, destroy and move rock through the lithosphere are called:( 15.6-2 ) eskers 1st order processes upwelling lithographic forces tectonics

4. Thematic maps often leave off what important cartographic features:( 17.1-3 ) projection graticule scale north arrow all of these

4. Which of the following properties are desirable for a measure of shape?( 18.2-16 ) applicable to all shapes independent of scale and orientation dimensionless intuitive all of the above

5. The Washington DC Metro map shows: ( 19.1-7 ) stations as nodes rail lines as links colored lines that function as sub-networks stations where you can transfer between colored lines All of the above

5. The formula to calculate the length of a line works on:( 8.2-5 ) Apple computers only the latitudes of the points making up the line the eastings and northings of the end points of the line equivalent projections only the coordinates of the points making up the line

20. The error in GPS attributable to the geometry of the overhead satellites when taking a position is called:( 10.4-7 ) DOP GLO DEM PDQ BBOP

6. If a measured length on a map is 10 millimeters, and the object on the ground is 100m long, what is the RF?( 3.3-7 ) 1:1 1:1 000 1:10 000 1:1 000 000 1:5280

Cave painting first appeared:( 1.2-2 ) Last Friday 15 000 years ago 40 000 years ago 120 000 years ago In the late Cretaceous period

40000 years ago

Humans first migrated out of Africa:( 1.2-2 ) 15 000 years ago 60 000 years ago 60 000 000 years ago 6 000 years ago After the end of Apartheid

60000 years ago

20. The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) uses an ellipsoid that is almost identical to:( 2.10-5 ) GRS80 and WGS84 NAD27 WGS72 WGS66 EGM96

10. Many compasses can compensate for declination, that is the scale reads true or grid north, if you( 11.1-11 ) Adjust a screw which turns the baseplate Always turn your map 30 degrees right Use grads and meters Use a gyrocompass Hit the compass with a hammer to deactivate the magnets

10. Slicing the earth (or an apple) along parallels of latitude divides the earth into?( 4.9-1 ) Unequal sized slices Equal sized slices Hemispheres Meridians

10. What is the metric unit of length?( 3.5.1-2 ) the meter the kilogram the hectare the acre the decimeter

11. GeoHack is a service that:( 12.2-9 ) for any location, integrates all the web mapping services downloads viruses onto your computer gives the latitude and longitude for places by state allows viewing of web cams none of the above

11. Which of these is the coordinate for Nowhere, Oklahoma in Military Grid coordinates?( 5.5.2-1 ) 14SND5080090837 202621 559709 OK S NAD83 550800mE 3890837mN 14N YZG8054562827 14SND5080090837 (NAD83)

13. The conversion of US mapping in 1983 associated with the new NAD83 datum:( 3.5-2 ) Converted grids from feet to meters Maintained use of feet in thousands Changed the size of the earth Restored the rod, chain and furlong as the basis of US mapping Led to street riots and rebellions

15. An acre is( 3.5.2-10 ) One chain wide by ten chains long One rod wide by ten chains long Ten chains by ten chains Ten rods by ten rods A mile wide and an inch deep

15. First to publish results confirming the earth as an oblate ellipsoid was:( 2.7.1-6 ) Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis in 1738 Charles Marie de la Condamine in 1751 Pierre Bouguer in 1749 Isaac Newton in 1687 John Hampden in 1870

15. To convert radians to degrees:( 7.4-9 ) Multiply by 180/PI Add 90, 180 or 270 depending on the quadrant Multiply by 0.3048 Pick any number between 0 and 10 Convert both to mils first

16. The English units of the rod and the chain were standardized as 16.5 and 66 feet by:( 3.5.2-7 ) Edmund Gunter in 1620 The French Academy of Sciences The US congress Thomas Jefferson Mr. Rodney Chain, in 1998

16. Which statement is correct for the USPLSS?( 6.4.2-2 ) The baseline stretched east-west, and the principal meridian north-south from the principal point The baseline stretched north-south, and the principal meridian east-west from the principal point The baseline and the principal meridian met at 45 degrees The baseline was always kept fixed The geographers line always was more important than the base line

19. The accuracies of geodetic grade, mapping grade, and recreational grade GPS receivers in meters, respectively, are:( 10.4-4 ) About 0.001, 0.5-2, and 5-20 About 0.1, 2-10, and 60-120 About 1, 15-30, and 100-200 About 1, 2, and 10 About 100, 200, and 1000

19. Which statement is true about the State Plane Coordinate System?( 5.5.3-1 ) Projections used are the oblique and transverse Mercator, plus the Lambert conformal conic It is based on feet, with artificial grid origins 500,000 feet west of the central meridian It covers the United States, Great Britain, and Australia. It covers the whole world It divides the nation into 110 zones, using their grid cell designators from UTM

2. Cartographic scale is a function of:( 3.1-7 ) map resolution and extent the shape of the area mapped the width of the map to be made how thin you can make lines on a map how much ink you have available

2. Which definition is that of a map projection?:( 4.2-2 ) Any method used in cartography to represent the two dimensional curved surface of the earth or other body on a plane The inverse of the representative fraction A conformal aspect The transverse of the secant Mercator The device invented by John Harrison

24. Any particular star appears to advance its position against the sky's daily cycle by:( 2.1-4 ) One degree per day 365 degrees per decade 10 000 000 meters a year One astrological sign a day 111 111m a month

24. The bearing 325 degrees uses which measure of direction?( 7.7-3 ) Azimuths Clock face Compass points Common bearings Mils

24. What is at 16TDM4037436640?( 5.5.2-17 ) West Garfield Park, Chicago Nowhere, Oklahoma the North Pole Paris, France Honolulu, Hawaii

25. An example of a perceptual region is:( 6.7-1 ) A street gang's territory A congressional district A USPLSS township A school district A Municipio

25. Of the six basic instruments found in almost all light aircraft, which give navigational information?( 11.6-11 ) Compass, air speed indicator, altimeter Compass, vertical speed incicator, artificial horizon Fuel gague, clock and turn coordinator Roll, pitch and yaw Paper map, pilots hands, and wing mirror

3. Navigating on foot across country, the simplest navigation aids are:( 11.1-2 ) a map and a compass a sextant and a set of mathematical tables radar and RDF an altimeter and an air speed indicator a good pair of boots and a hat

3. What is a representative fraction?( 3.3-7 ) The map distance, divided by the ground distance in the same units The map distance, divided by the ground distance in different units The ground distance, divided by the map distance in the same units The ground distance, multiplied by the map distance in the same units The map distance divided by 100 000

4. Two things used at sea that drastically improved accuracy in positioning in the late 1700s were:( 10.1-4 ) the lunar distance method and the marine chronometer calculus and analytical geometry The time clock and the radio The moons of jupiter and the telescope Trilateration and GPS

5. Why does the location of a place, such as Denver, Colorado, vary?( 5.2.1-1 ) Because different sources give different locations Because different sources at different coordinate resolutions are all in the same place Because continental drift moves the buildings They have to, by Act of Congress Because the "real" Denver is in Ohio, not Colorado.

6. An example of a point feature shown on USGS topographic maps is:( 7.3-5 ) School National Park Boundary Railroad yard Coral Reef USPLSS Section Numbers

6. Taking multiple bearings with a compass, then tracing their back bearings from their features on the map to the point where they all come together is called:( 10.2-4 ) Intersection Compass Declination Resection Inspection

6. The Roman land partitioning system that allocated fields of 20 x 20 actus was called:( 6.2-5 ) Centuriation Dominionation Pax Romanus The Public Land Survey System Metes and Bounds

7. A location in a UTM zone has an easting of 600 000mE. What is always true?( 11.1-6 ) grid north is east of true north grid north is equal to true north grid north is west of true north grid north is east of magnetic north grid north is west of magnetic north

8. How far is it by road from Notown, Vermont to Nowhere, Oklahoma?( 12.2-6 ) 2736km 7263km 36km 273km you can't get there from here

9. Metes and Bounds were also used to partition:( 6.3-8 ) French long lots and Spanish/Mexican land grants The Wind River district in Wyoming Ohio's seven ranges Illinois Western Canada

9. The four types of map generalization covered in this module are:( 9.3-2 ) selection, simplification, combination and displacement selection, elimination, duplication and dispersal selection, warping, distortion and projection selection, identification, specification and anticipation selection, qualification, quality control and implementation

9. Which of these was among Aristotle's proofs for a round earth?( 2.2.1-2 ) The star Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South The moon appears in the sky in the daytime Ships can be seen to drop off the edge of the earth Eclipses can be seen with the earth casting a straight line shadow Aristotle never proved the earth is round

What was found in Abauntz cave?( 1.2.5-2 ) What may be the world's oldest map A guru Another cave The Dead Sea scrolls A living Neanderthal woman

Stephanie Meese in a 2006 paper claimed the mural actually showed:( 1.2.1-9 ) A geometric design and a leopard skin Two maps A view of a goddess A hunting plan How to exit the room in an emergency

A geometric design and leopard skin

What two features does the Catalhoyuk map allegedly show?( 1.2.1-7 ) A river and a swamp A hill and a valley A volcano with two peaks and a town plan A town plan and a swamp The lost gold mines of the Ottoman empire

A volcano with two peaks and a town plan

The earliest maps were probably used for:( 1.2-3 ) hunting reconnaissance avoiding hazards route finding All of the above

All of the above

2. Using direct environmental observation, how accurately is it possible to determine latitude and longitude?( 10.1-2 ) To one degree (111km) Half a degree (55km) A quarter of a degree (27km) A sixteenth of a degree (7km) A minute (1.8km)

1. Why are maps so important? We use them all the time We use both paper and digital maps Maps are everywhere Maps tap into innate human knowledge called spatial thinking All of the above

All of the above

The Catalhoyuk mural/map is in a museum in what city?( 1.2.1-5 ) Ankara Istanbul Paris London The map did not survive

Ankara

1. What is located at 51° 28' 38"N 0° 0' 0"E?( 5.4.1-4 ) Moscow, Idaho. Greenwich, England. Greenwich, Connecticut. Hong Kong. Nowhere, Oklahoma.

11. Which GNSS was the first to be fully operational in 1994?( 10.3-8 ) GLONASS GPS Galileo GeoPOS The Chinese Compass system

12. Metric units became legal for use in the United States in:( 3.5-2 ) 1776 1866 1977 1492 They are not legal in the United States

13. Cassini and the French Academy of sciences in the 1730s believed the earth a prolate ellipsoid, and Newton predicted an oblate ellipsoid. What analogy is used in the module?( 2.7.1-1 ) Geoid and plane Eggs and pumpkins Hot dog and hamburger Paper or plastic Egg on toast

13. What map generalization process reduces the number of points used to represent lines and areas?:( 9.3.2-2 ) Selection Simplification Combination Displacement Dispersal

13. Which of these is the coordinate for Nowhere, Oklahoma in State Plane coordinates?( 5.5.3-1 ) 14SND5080090837 202621 559709 OK S NAD83 550800mE 3890837mN 14N YZG8054562827 14SND5080090837 (NAD83)

14. Which of these coordinates is NOT either the North or South Pole?( 5.5.2.1-1 ) AZM9999999999 YZG8054562827 YZG9999999999 2 000 000mE 2 000 000mN Zone NP 2 000 000mE 2 000 000mN Zone SP

15. Embedded inertial coils in the tarmac on streets allows automated traffic light switching and:( 12.3-6 ) the issuing of speeding tickets over the web the sensing of overweight trucks the geosensing of traffic flow automatically slows down cars improves tire performance

15. The overlay of the coastline and some streams on maps of Point Clear, Alabama at two scales was used to show:( 9.3.2-7 ) Selection Simplification Combination Displacement Dispersal

16. What is the name of the current National grid system in Australia?( 5.5.4-10 ) Australian National grid system Map Grid of Australia Wallaby Grid System of 1996 (WGS96) State Plane Coordinate System MGRS

17. The island of Niihau, Hawaii is shown as one island, if at all on maps. Actually it has how many surrounding islands?:( 9.3.3-3 ) None 3 30 300 3 000

18. Differential correction for GPS is based on what principle?( 10.5-6 ) Errors on a roving receiver will be less than on a static receiver Errors on a static receiver can be subtracted from the reading on a roving receiver Errors on a static receiver can be added to the reading on a roving receiver Errors on a static receiver will be different from a roving receiver All of the errors cancel out in the end

19. The North American Datum of 1927 used which Ellipsoid?( 2.10-2 ) WGS84 Clarke 1866 ITRF GEOID12 GRS80

19. Three ways of stating map scale are:( 3.3-1 ) A graphic scale, level of detail and datum A graphic scale, a verbal statement, such as "one inch to a mile" and the RF A graphic scale, a scale bar, and a meter A graphic scale, the legend and the furlong A verbal statement, a legend, and a foor

2. The human eye can resolve objects that are about how big?:( 9.1-2 ) 0.01mm 0.1mm 1mm 1m 10m

21. The shortest distance between Chelsea Lake and Little Chelsea Lake Wisconsin increases by how much as you go from maps at 1:24 000 to 1:250 000:( 9.3.4-4 ) 29.1 to 411.77m, an error over 1.4 times too large 29.1 to 411.77m, an error over 14 times too large 29.1 to 411.77m, an error over 140 times too large 29.1 to 411.77m, an error over 1400 times too large What increase?

22. Geoids are usually described as:( 2.12-2 ) The positional distance from the same point on an ellipsoid The height above or below an ellipsoid Rock formations Angular deviations between geodetic and geocentric latitudes Geoids cannot be described

22. Online mapping systems generalize to many levels, and show the map at the window size and zoom level that is appropriate. This means that at particular map scales during zooming:( 9.4-2 ) the map changes projections the number of features, labels, and line smoothness "jumps" the window size and zoom level stay constant all features become displaced qualification and dispersal erase the entire map

22. The name used for maps for ocean and air navigation is:( 11.5-2 ) maplet chart nos low altitude carta

22. With which of these can you determine south, given a sunny day?( 7.6-3 ) Observing Polaris Using an analog watch A strip of paper A slice of pizza Noticing which side the bark grows on trees

25. Location based services are systems that:( 10.6-2 ) send you advertisements depending on what else you have purchased use wireless mobile devices, the web, and positioning technology to provide access to applications and services depending on geographic location are based on space vehicles and receivers as aids to positioning will apply carrier phase GPS corrections for a fee take advantage of your web browser to post advertisements on your screen

3. An example of a "pull" use of LBS would be:( 12.1-3 ) the tug-of-war at the London olympics finding and navigating our way to a flower shop a flower shop advertizing a daily special to nearby customers selecting the most powerful wireless signal all of the above

4. What would you expect of a projection in which x depends only on longitude and y only on latitude?( 4.4-3 ) The graticule would form curves The projection would be cylindrical The projection would be transverse It would be a Mollweide projection The projection would be conic

4. Which of these is a map legend?( 7.2-2 ) The black line framing a map A matched set of symbols with descriptive text The graphic scale and the text surrounding it The story of how the map was made The world's most famous map

5. The three norths are:( 11.1-5 ) Geodetic, parallel and meridional Magnetic, grid and true Magnetic, geodetic and false Magnetic, aspect and true A comedy act in Reno, NV

6. Which statement is false?( 5.3.1-1 ) Relative positioning systems use references to other places Regardless of which Paris, the airport is in grid cell E8 Standardized grids use absolute coordinates and specific or false origins Most grids are adjusted so that eastings (x) and northings (y) are positive All coordinates are relative

7. An example of a line feature shown on USGS topographic maps is:( 7.3-6 ) School National Park Boundary Railroad yard Coral Reef USPLSS Section Numbers

7. Remnants of centuriation, called "hundreds" in England, made their way to the US in which state?( 6.2-7 ) Kansas Delaware Hawaii Nebraska North Dakota

8. Countries such as Mexico and Canada and the US Department of Defense use what standard scale maps:( 9.2-2 ) 1:1 250 1:50 000 1:10 000 1:20 000 1:24 000

8. To convert true bearings to magnetic bearings, recall which rhyme?( 11.1-8 ) east is best so add, west is worse so subtract east is least so subtract, west is best so add true is new, so add the west subtract the east from the west and take the rest east, west, magnetic is best

9. A true (map) bearing is read as 45 degrees, where the magnetic declination is 14E. What is the corresponding magnetic bearing in degrees?( 11.1-9 ) 14 31 45 59 0

9. What is a GNSS?( 10.3-2 ) The Russian version of GPS System based on space vehicles and receivers as aids to positioning The Greenland Navigational Science Society An Indian satellite The cartographic equivalent of the Nobel prize

9. Zillow.com is an LBS relating to:( 12.2-7 ) cupcakes real estate flowers social networking anti-social networking

Approximately what shape is the earth?( 2.2-3 ) Flat Round Donut-shaped Cylindrical Disk-shaped, balanced on the back of four elephants, each standing on a turtle's back

Where is Abauntz cave?( 1.2.5-3 ) France Spain Turkey Turkmenistan Greece

Which computer software allows you to zoom into an image of anywhere on earth?( 1.2.2-1 ) Google scholar Google Earth Map Builder Windows 9 GPSap

18. What is an example of a map projection web mapping software program?( 4.16-2 ) Earthsqueeze Flexizones Flex Projector Map Projector Plus Coordinate Converter

1. A geobrowser is an aid to navigation and route finding for:( 12.2-2 ) the Amazon basin advanced mathematics the world wide web Mars highways

1. The three map transformations to be covered in this class are:( 3.2-3 ) RF, rods, and meters generalization, abstraction and labeling scale, projection and symbolization English, American and Australian globes, maps and charts

10. An example of a mixed feature shown on USGS topographic maps is:( 7.3-11 ) School National Park Boundary Railroad yard Coral Reef USPLSS Section Numbers

10. Being able to zoom anywhere on earth and see the location on a map of image view is called:( 12.2-9 ) virtually crazy virtual reality virtual travel virtual street viewing a virtue

10. What is an analemma?( 2.1-5 ) A mathematical proof that can be shown to be incorrect A species of bird found in Equador at Mitad Del Mundo A diagram showing the highest position of the sun at every day during the year, often shown on globes A figure that looks like a "6" The last word left in a crossword puzzle

10. Which of these is the coordinate for Nowhere, Oklahoma in Civilian UTM coordinates?( 5.5.1-1 ) 14SND5080090837 202621 559709 OK S NAD83 550800mE 3890837mN 14N YZG8054562827 14SND5080090837 (NAD83)

11. Coordinates can be used to compute the distance between two points by using:( 7.4-2 ) estimation Eratosthenes' theorem Pythagoras' theorem the strip of paper trick stadia

11. John Harrison perfected the chronometer. This allowed the accurate measurement of longitude because:( 4.10-5 ) Of the 1884 International Meridian Conference It created Greenwich mean time Because the earth turns through 15 degree of longitude every hour Because it made the lunar distance method possible of the Harrison projection

11. One way the earth was shown to be round in this module was:( 2.2.1-7 ) By observing the sun's position at noon By comparing Cassini's measurements of the length of a degree of latitude By observing an oil rig off of the coast of California from two positions By estimation By observing the star Polaris

11. The line that follows the shortest path connecting the origin and destination over a long distance is:( 11.2-2 ) the semi-minor ellipse axis the semi-major ellipse axis a great circle a small circle a parallel

12. Coordinates can be used to compute the direction between two points by using:( 7.4-2 ) A pair of dividers The PDF toolbar Simple trigonometry Complex systems theory The distance between King Henry I's nose and his thumb

12. Planned to be operational in 2014 with 30 satellites, operated by the Europeans is:( 10.3-7 ) BeiDou GPS Galileo IRNSS GLONASS

12. Who sent Thomas Hutchins to Ohio to start the Public Land Survey?( 6.4.1-5 ) John Hancock George Washington Thomas Jefferson Richard Nixon None of these

13. How many GPS satellites, at minimum, are visible above an unobstructed horizon at any given time:( 10.3-8 ) 2 4 6 8 9

14. 14 Which of these was decided at the International Meridian Conference?( 4.14-5 ) That all maps are created equal That longitude shall be counted in two directions up to 180 degrees, west longitude being plus and east longitude minus. That longitude shall be counted in two directions up to 180 degrees, east longitude being plus and west longitude minus. That latitude shall be counted in two directions up to 90 degrees, north latitude being plus and south latitude minus That the conference supports the multiplicity of initial meridians

14. Approximating the great circle route between New York's JFK airport and London's Heathrow with three segments of constant bearing is how much further in distance?( 11.2-6 ) 3.14159% 2.0% 0.74% 1.14% They are the same distance

15. GPS makes use of:( 10.3-8 ) Water, Fire and Air Radio, Wind and the Ionosphere Atomic clocks, microwave and trilateration Polaris, sextants and calculators The telephone time signal

15. Which of these is NOT true about the US National grid?( 5.5.4-5 ) It was adopted in 2004 It provides a grid reference system that is seamless across jurisdictional boundaries It applies to the whole planet It is the foundation for a universal map index It supports use in the Global Positioning System and is useful in Web map portals

15. Which of these projection types preserves area?( 4.5-6 ) Transverse Secant Equivalent Conformal Equidistant

16. A spheroid or ellipsoid is:( 2.8-2 ) the three dimensional figure traced by an ellipse rotated about either of its foci the three dimensional figure traced out by an ellipse rotated about its longer axis the three dimensional figure traced out by an ellipse rotated about its shorter axis the two dimensional figured traced out by a pencil guided by a loop of string constrained by two nails a slightly dented sphere

16. Route planning using dead reckoning means using the map to precompute:( 11.3-2 ) the bearings of segments the magnetic declination the lengths and bearings of legs the lengths and bearings of great circles the grid north

16. When features of the same type, such as islands, are merged together and some eliminated we call this:( 9.3.3-2 ) Selection Simplification Combination Displacement Duplication

17. Geodetic latitude( 2.7.1-11 ) is the angle east-west measured at 90 degrees to the earth's surface is the angle east-west measured to the earth's center is the angle north-south measured at 90 degrees to the earth's surface is the angle north-south measured to the earth's center is the same as the geocentric latitude at all places

17. How many sections are there in a Township?( 6.4.2-14 ) 1 16 36 100 64

18. The version of the metric system we now use was standardized in 1960 and renamed:( 3.5.1-2 ) The International Earth Rotation Service Imperial units The International System of Units The Unted Nations MS60

18. What happens to the islands in the northern end of Chelsea Lake, Wisonsin as you go from the 1:24 000 to 1:100 000 maps?( 9.3.3-5 ) They all sink They each turn into 2 new islands They are combined into a single island They dissolve into clouds of mosquitos All of the above

21. Which definition is that of a geoid?( 2.12-2 ) A set of reference points on the Earth's surface against which position measurements are made An ellipse rotated about its minor (shorter) axis The equipotential surface of the Earth's gravity field which best fits, in a least squares sense, global mean sea level Is the angle north-south measured at 90 degrees to the earth's surface Spherical masses of mineral matter that were deposited syngenetically within the rock formations they are found in.

22. HDOP, PDOP, GDOP and TDOP are measures of GPS:( 10.4-7 ) easting northing accuracy position none of these

23. Federal agencies responsible for paper, digital and online marine mapping are:( 11.5-2 ) USGS and DOD FRGS and Falconview NOS and NGA NOAA and FAA NOAA and Census Bureau

23. When a detailed map is generalized to create a map at a less detailed scale, unless retained, the generalized map detail is:( 9.4-2 ) more costly created lost forever less costly more accurate

24. Congressional districts are a land partitioning such that:( 6.6-6 ) Each state has the same number All political parties get equal land area Each state gets at least one, but otherwise all contain equal numbers of voters The boundaries follow major rivers Red and blue states alternate across the map

24. The system operated by the National Geodetic Survey that uses base stations to improve GPS accuracy for the National Spatial Reference System is called:( 10.5-9 ) GEOSAT VDOP CORS COPR GPS

25. After the scale transformation, the earth is represented as:( 3.2-3 ) A map A projection A globe A smart car A model in Queens, New York

25. Responsibility for place names in the United States lies with the:( 12.6-2 ) President Representatives Betty Sutton and Tim Ryan of Ohio US Board on Geographic Names National Geospatial Intelligence Agency VGI

4. If your eyes are at about 1.7m high, about how far away can you see a golf ball on the ground on a perfectly clear day in a flat open area:( 2.6-6 ) 1 998 m 9.81m 4 998m 10 000 000m 111 111m

5. Are all map projections distorted?( 4.5-1 ) No, because no flat map can be both equivalent and conformal Only equatorial projections are distorted, secant projections are error free Yes No, because projections are based on mathematics Most are distorted, some are just contorted

5. Many online mapping programs deal with zooming by:( 9.1-10 ) ignoring it applying selection, simplification, combination and displacement in real time while the map is drawn having precomputed ranges over which a particular generalized map is displayed using supercomputers sending requests to Google Maps

5. What object is the maximum size that can be represented by a fine pencil dot at 1:24 000?( 3.3.1-4 ) A baseball A beachball A smart car An amphibious landing craft LaGuardia airport

6. A geobrowser that allows you to search and download any of the USGS's map information is:( 12.2-3 ) googleGS the Geographic Names Information System The National Map Viewer possible within 50 years the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

6. A location in a UTM zone has an easting of 500 000mE. What is true on this meridian?( 11.1-6 ) Scale is equal east-west and north-south Grid north is east of true north Grid north is the same as true north Grid north is west of true north Grid north is the same as magnetic north

6. What is a graticule?( 4.6-2 ) The pattern of tiny circles drawn on a map projection The line around the edge of the map, shaped by the gores and interruptions The grid of parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude shown on the map The grid of parallels of longitude and meridians of latitude shown on the map A very small grat

8. An example of an area feature shown on USGS topographic maps is:( 7.3-10 ) School National Park Boundary Railroad yard Coral Reef USPLSS Section Numbers

8. The bearing to a tower is Azimuth 20 degrees. What is the back bearing in degrees?( 10.2-3 ) 20 160 200 360 120

9. Tiny, Virginia is at 17SLB8986407347. This coordinate resolves to what resolution on the ground?( 5.6-7 ) 1mm 1cm 1m 10m 100m 10. Which of these is the coordinate for Nowhere, Oklahoma in Civilian UTM coordinates?( 5.5.1-1 ) 14SND5080090837 202621 559709 OK S NAD83

To walk from Catalhoyuk to Hasan Dagi would take:( 1.2.2-1 ) Fourteen minutes Fourteen hours Fourteen days Fourteen months Fourteen years

What software is a user-contributed free road map of the whole earth? ( 1.2.5-3 ) Streemap ClosedStreetMap Openstreetmap GoogleMap YouTube

Which geometric model gives the most accurate and precise description of the earth's surface, but is only occasionally used in mapping?( 2.12-2 ) Sphere Oblate ellipsoid Geoid Prolate ellipsoid Witch's hat

17. What is true of compromise projections?( 4.15-6 ) They preserve local direction and shape They preserve area They preserve both direction/shape and area They preserve neither direction/shape nor area They are cylindrical

17. What would allow you to recognize the Google street view car?:( 12.3-9 ) it is a bright red Ferrari it can fly it has cameras pointed out of every window it has a post on the roof with multidirectional cameras it has seven wheels

10. Selection generalizes a map by:( 9.3.1-3 ) a factor of two one zoom level changing the map extent for each feature type, deciding which features are worthy of appearing on the map eliminating all of the labels

10. The US Public Land Survey System used what units for length and area?( 6.3-6 ) Meters and hectares Feet and furlongs Poles and Actus Chains, miles and acres Stones, pounds and kilograms

10. Which of these is not a GNSS?( 10.3-2 ) BeiDou GPS Galileo Baidu GLONASS

11. Which is a metric unit of area?( 3.5.1-3 ) the acre the square toise the fathom the hectare the ox plow

12. Placing a coordinate on a photograph, often done automatically by a digital camera is called:( 12.2-11 ) illegal fracking tagging geotagging geobrowsing

12. The problem of uniform labeling over space versus using a population criterion for labels was illustrated with a:( 9.3.1-4 ) CIA map of China USGS map of Ohio National Geographic map of Turkey CIA map of Russia CIA map of the former Soviet Union

12. Where is the Washington meridian?( 4.11-5 ) Paris, France Greenwich, England Seattle, Washington Washington, D. C. Along the equator

13. Hutchins alerted the president to what fact?( 6.4.1-5 ) Ohio is a swing state They needed rods marked in meters The job would be done in two weeks The survey would have to compensate for the curvature of the earth Help was hard to find out there

13. On a conformal gnomic projection, the great circle route between New York's JFK airport and London's Heathrow is:( 11.2-5 ) A circle An ellipse A series of straight line segments A straight line A complex curve

13. What streams spatially relevant geo-information from a static or mobile device to the web for further integration?( 12.3-2 ) A river Location based services A geobrowser A geosensor Intelligent agriculture 14. The US Fish and Wildlife service tracking of shearwaters in the Gulf of Maine is an example of:( 12.3-5 ) intelligent farming geosensing geobrowsing marine navigation cruelty to animals

13. When computing azimuths from coordinates, you need to account for:( 7.4-6 ) The length of a solar day The earth's rotation All of the money you used Which quadrant you are in Which quadrangle you are in

14. An impact of simplification is that as the map scale gets less detailed:( 9.3.2-2 ) the cartographer gets more relaxed more features get eliminated features become joined together curves get smoother and wiggles disappear features have to be deliberately moved apart

14. Azimuths range from:( 7.4-5 ) 0 to 2 PI 0 to 90 0 to 100 0 to 360 0 to 6400

14. The GPS control system is in what US state?( 10.3-11 ) California Mississippi Pennsylvania Colorado Hawaii

14. The dispute over the shape of the earth was resolved by taking measurements:( 2.7.1-5 ) All around the equator At the North Pole The length of the Paris meridian, from Dunkirk to Collioure At the equator and near the Arctic circle The length of the Amazon River

14. What can be found in East Liverpool, Ohio at 17TNE4066799180?( 6.4.1-6 ) Thomas Hutchins grave the Western Reserve The Fire Lands of Connecticut The point of beginning of the US Public Land Surveys The prime meridian

15. President Jefferson wanted states to be about:( 6.4.2-2 ) 640 acres 5° of longitude by 5° of latitude 4° of longitude by 7° of latitude 4° of latitude by 7° of longitude 36 square miles

16. To calculate the length of a line with 10 straight segments given by 11 coordinates:( 7.4-10 ) Plot the line on a map, and use the paper strip trick Take the average of the x and y values Calculate the length of the line from the first point to the last Use Pythagoras' theorem on each segment individually, then add the lengths together Use Pythagoras' theorem on each segment individually, then multiply the lengths together

16. Which of these projection types preserves direction and shape locally?( 4.5-5 ) Transverse Secant Equivalent Conformal Equidistant

17. Naismith's rule allows you to calculate:( 11.3-4 ) the speed of travel when sailing the speed of travel when flying the speed of travel when driving the speed of travel when walking the heights of Scottish mountains

17. The meter was originally defined as:( 3.5.1-2 ) One yard and one hand 100th of a stone's throw The distance between King Henry I's nose and the tip of his thumb One ten millionth of the distance from the equator to the north pole, along the Paris meridian. Half a perch

18. Which statement about UTM is true?( 5.5.1-1 ) The earth is divided into 120 zones. Zones are numbered west to east, starting at the prime meridian. Each zone is drawn on an equatorial Mercator projection, centered on the central meridian. Eastings in zones are in meters with the central meridian set at 500,000. The system only can resolve locations within 100m.

19. Moving features apart to make the map more clear, or to allow room for labels is called?:( 9.3.4-2 ) Selection Simplification Combination Displacement Qualification

19. On an equivalent projection:( 4.15-9 ) All the Tissot's indicatrix circles are circular All of the Tissot's indicatrix circles are elliptical All of the Tissot's indicatrix circles are different area All of the Tissot's indicatrix circles are the same area It is impossible to draw Tissot's indicatrix circles

19. The contours on the Badwater, California USGS topographic map were negative because:( 11.3-8 ) the map was a first draft of sea level rise the map used the latest Geoid the elevations are below sea level, or at least the datum the continent is sinking

19. The revenue from Section 16 in each township was set aside for:( 6.4.2-8 ) Road construction To subsidise the growing of corn and wheat The sheriff of the County Public education A rainy day

2. A prudent navigator does which of the following:( 11.1-2 ) Always takes plenty of water Stays within sight of land Follows a great circle at all times Uses multiple means of navigation with backup navigation aids Avoids left turns against traffic

2. A system that allows locations on earth to be described by at least two numbers is called:( 5.4-2 ) A map projection. An ellipsoid. A land partitioning system. A coordinate system. Zip plus four.

20. A letter/number designator in the MGRS, such as 16TDM, references a cell that is how big on a side?( 5.5.2-13 ) 100m 1000m 10,000m 100,000m 1,000,000m

20. A method used in surveying that reads values from a pole where two horizontal cross hairs fall on the scale is called:( 7.5-7 ) Meters and bounds Leaps and bounds Gunter's Chaining Stadia Electronic distance measurement

21. Multipath error in GPS is caused by:( 10.4-8 ) trees branching streets the ionosphere signals bouncing off of solid objects before reaching the receiver clock noise

21. What is user-generated geospatial content contributed by its producers to a web based collective?( 12.5-2 ) geocaching Dijkstra's algorithm free computer programs volunteered geographic information web content

21. Which is a legitimate Township and Range description:( 6.4.2-13 ) 14SMG8644387036 NE1/2SW1/2 Section 37, Township 2N Range 3E, 5th Principal Meridian NE1/4SW1/4 Section 5, Township 2W Range 5S, 7th Principal Meridian NE1/4SE1/4) of Section 35, Township 25S Range 17W, 6th Principal Meridian All of the above

22. At the scale of 1:40M, a map of the earth would be how long at the equator?( 3.3-8 ) 4 m 40 m 0.1 m 1 m 0.1 mm

22. The approximate length of a degree at the equator and the earth's circumference are:( 5.6-3 ) 100,000m; 40,000km 500,000m; 93 million miles 250,000m; 1,000,000 km 111,111m; 40,000,000m 360 degrees; 24 hours

23. In 1870, what experiment to prove the earth's curvature involved a bet between John Hampden and Alfred Russel Wallace? ( 2.2.1-8 ) The oil rig leg experiment Eratosthenes's well experiment Measuring a meridional arc The Bedford Level experiment The big bang theory

23. The bearing N25W uses which measure of direction?( 7.7-7 ) Azimuths Clock face Compass points Common bearings Mils

23. What is an example of a geoenabled, location based sport?:( 12.5-6 ) baseball track and field the Web Soil Survey geocaching channel surfing

23. What would you expect to be labeled on a world map at 1:5M?( 3.3-1 ) Every single stream All of the worlds cities, towns, and villages Only places starting with "H" Major cities and rivers Nothing could be labeled on such a map

23. When using letters for 6 x 8 degree grid cell designators, and for 100,000 grid cells in MGRS and the US National grid, what letters are excluded?( 5.5.2-7 ) A, E, I, O, U G, R, I, D A, B, Y, Z I, O N and S

24. The majority of projections used for mapping the United States are:( 4.20-5 ) Oblique Conic Tangent, not secant Conformal Equivalent

24. What would you expect of a minor road on a map at 1:24 000?( 3.3.3-1 ) Minor roads could not be shown It would be greatly simplified, perhaps as just one or two line segments It would be colored blue A great deal of detail would be shown, such as curves and angles The symbol for the road would be the exact scaled width of the actual road

25. Why is it sometimes hard to tell what projection a map uses?( 4.21-4 ) The formula is too complicated The graticule is hard to read Because projections are usually named after their originators Because the cartographer did not label with map with the name of the projection Because of the defaults in FlexProjector

3. Which is the third and last cartographic transformation?( 7.1-5 ) The scale transformation The projection transformation The choice of coordinate system Convert features to symbols Printing the map on paper

4. The most inexpensive compass suitable for hiking is:( 11.1-3 ) a dry compass a gyrocompass a magnetometer a liquid filled magnetic compass an iPhone

4. The scale model of New York in the Queens museum is at 1:1 200. This means that:( 3.3-7 ) One meter corresponds to 12 meters One meter corresponds to 120 meters One inch corresponds to 1200 feet One inch corresponds to 100 feet One inch corresponds to one meter

4. The surveyors who measured fields after the Nile floods in Egypt thousands of years ago were called:( 6.2-3 ) Gunter's People Pharaohs Nileometers Rope stretchers Tomb robbers

4. When we zoom in on a map in a computer window:( 9.1-10 ) the map extent increases and the amount of detail shown decreases the map extent decreases and the amount of detail shown decreases the map extent increases and the amount of detail shown increases the map extent decreases and the amount of detail shown increases all of the above

5. Taking a bearing with a compass, then tracing its back bearing on a map from the same feature is called:( 10.2-3 ) Intersection Compass Declination Resection Inspection

5. The instrument Romans used to lay out towns, roads and fields that measured right angles was called the:( 6.2-4 ) Ruler Gunter's chain Plumb bob Gromon Triangle

5. The reference point used for mapping the USA on the NAD27 datum was:( 2.10-2 ) The International Date Line The Top of the Washington Monument The Paris Meridian A single point at Meades Ranch, Kansas The tip of George Washington's nose

5. What is "a search engine for the world wide web that conducts searches based on some characteristic of location"?:( 12.2-2 ) catalhoyuk a geocacher a location based service a geobrowser AskJeeves

6. The scholar who estimated the Earth's radius using a camel train, a well, and an obelisk was:( 2.5-2 ) Ibn Syene Alexandria Alexander Ross Clarke Eratosthenes Ptolemy

7. If the graticule on a projected map has lines that meet at right angles:( 4.15-1 ) The projection is secant The map has two standard parallels The projection is equivalent The projection is conformal It is impossible for the graticule to meet at different angles

8. The metes and bounds system was used to partition which parts of the US?( 6.3-2 ) the Mid-west California, Oregon and Washington Only New England The 13 original colonies The rust belt

8. What is the Degree Confluence Project:( 4.7.1-1 ) A web site to promote us "all getting along" An iPhone and Android App to give navigation directions A lobbying group trying to revert to the Washington Meridian A web site where people who have visited places where whole numbers of degrees of latitude and longitude meet can post pictures and stories A conformal projection

In cartography, map scale is expressed as:( 9.1-2 ) townships and ranges the coordinate system the projection the representative fraction all of the above

The distance of 10 000 000 meters is approximately:( 2.5-8 ) The radius of the earth The length of the polar axis around which the earth rotates The circumference of the earth The distance from the equator to the North Pole, on the meridian passing through Paris The length of the longer axis of the ellipsoid

23. Landscape metrics measure the values of:( 8.4-2 ) patches, feature classes and whole landscapes points, lines and areas coordinates lengths and areas Fragstats

1. A map is:( 7.1-2 ) A scaled model of all or part of the earth's surface Features are converted to symbols Involves simplification Is very critical for spatial reasoning All of the above

1. Prior to GNSS, observations of what were used for positioning?( 10.1-2 ) Polaris the moon the sun shadows all of the above

1. Terrain depiction methods for maps can be absolute, relative or both. Which is most true?( 13.3-1 ) absolute height methods show heights above a datum absolute height methods are more usueful in cartometry relative height method show the pattern and structure of the terrain relative height methods cannot show heights at all locations all of the above

1. What impact does land partitioning have on the landscape?( 6.1-7 ) It determines the shape of fields It assigns people to police, fire, school and voting districts It can lead to long straight roads It impacts land ownership, property inheritance and taxation All of the above

1. Which of these can be used as an aid to navigation?( 11.0-1 ) a map a compass a chart a GPS receiver all of these

11. Some elements of selection are:( 9.3.1-3 ) pruning stream and road networks selecting only cities above a certain population to display eliminating crowding applying elimination rules all of the above

11. What is now Ohio was originally claimed by what state as its "Western Reserve"?( 6.4.1-8 ) Vermont Virginia Texas New York Connecticut

12. Which is true of a great circle when going from A to B?( 11.2-4 ) Every crossing angle for a meridian is different, bearing changes constantly Conformal projections show direction correctly only at an immediate position, so do not always show A to B as a straight line Mercator's projection first to allow great circle approximation by legs Following this path is the shortest distance on a globe All of the above

12. Which of these "experiments" proved that the earth was round?( 2.4-2 ) Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation (1519-1521). The Bedford level experiments and sequels 1870 Cambridge University Geography professor H. Yule Oldham repeat of the Bedford Level experiment in 1901 Direct observation from a balloon in 1931 All of the above

12. Which of these is the coordinate for Nowhere, Oklahoma in US National Grid coordinates?( 5.5.4-5 ) 14SND5080090837 202621 559709 OK S NAD83 550800mE 3890837mN 14N YZG8054562827 14SND5080090837 (NAD83)

13. Which of these is the correct way to write a latitude and longitude position?( 4.12-2 ) 38.8998339 -77.0463660 385359N 0770247W N385359W0770247 38°53.98' N 77°02.78'W All of these are correct

14. When you zoom in on a map:( 3.6.1-1 ) You see more features You see more labels You see more detailed features You see less area All of the above

15. Map orientation by inspection was illustrated using the USGS topographic map at 1:24,000 of:( 11.2-7 ) Occidens, Missouri Levant, Georgia Scirocco, Pennsylvaia Compass, Alaska Orient, South Dakota

16. GPS works:( 10.4-2 ) At night During rain At high latitudes During sandstorms At all of these

16. What is "a video camera that inputs to a computer connected to the Internet, so that its images can be seen by Internet users"?:( 12.2-14 ) the Google car a digital camera Google streetview a geobrowser a webcam

17. GPS does not work well:( 10.4-10 ) deep under water inside buildings in forests in urban canyons in any of these places

17. Pacing can be used to:( 7.5-2 ) Estimate direction Reach the end of a long distance race Measure distances directly from maps Precisely measure distances in the field Estimate distances in the field

17. What is the correct difference between the US National Grid and the Military Grid system?( 5.5.4-6 ) USNG uses different numbering for the UTM zones. MGRS uses different letters for the 100,000m grid cells. MGRS is based on the equivalent 6 x 8 degree cells. MGRS uses NAD27, USNG uses WGS84 USNG uses NAD83, not WGS84

18. Correction for the earth's curvature was made by:( 6.4.2-8 ) Remarking the principal meridian every 24 miles (2 sections) along the base line. Estimation Making every 24th Township a hexagon instead of a square Making the squares longer and thinner as they got further north and south Remarking the base line every 24 miles (4 sections) along the Principal meridian.

18. Distances on the ground can be measured with:( 7.5-1 ) Pacing A tape A surveyors wheel A chain All of the above

18. Meades Ranch, Kansas is known as:( 2.10-2 ) The place where cattle were introduced into Kansas Where Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis measured the length or a meridian arc The headquarters of the USGS The point that Google Earth zooms into by default

18. What has the potential to reduce animal and plant disease, minimize application of water and fertilizer, and optimally harvest and plant:( 12.4-2 ) location based services geobrowsers Google global warming precision agriculture

19. Precision or intelligent agriculture uses:( 12.4-2 ) GPS geosensors the wireless web geotags all of the above

19. To follow a bearing to a target in the field:( 7.5-3 ) Use a compass or map to select a target on the right bearing Calculate how many paces to take Carefully count down the paces Walk around obstacles, using side-steps out and then back when you are around the obstacle All of the above

2. Making measurements from maps is called:( 7.1-4 ) Mapology Cartography Cartosophy Cartology Cartometry

2. What is "An information or entertainment service accessible through portable devices via a mobile network that is capable of making use of the geographical position of the device"?( 12.1-2 ) the world wide web Google Maps Google Earth NASA Worldwind A Location Based Service

20. A problem with displacement is:( 9.3.4-2 ) it makes the map harder to read it can alter the map scale it leads to overlapping features and labels it slightly rotates the map it makes cartometry inaccurate

20. On the equatorial aspect of Mercator's projection:( 4.18-3 ) Lines of any fixed compass bearing are straight All parallels and meridians are straight lines Local direction and shape is preserved The poles cannot be shown All of the above

20. Using the travel speed by land type table and Naismith's rule, we can:( 11.3-4 ) estimate the elevation at the start and end of a hike follow a great circle navigate the route plan the route estimate the travel time enroute

21. Navigation and route planning may depend on:( 11.4-2 ) how many legs to use in navigation minimizing the travel distance whether the navigator wants to meet multiple goals avoiding particular routes or places all of these

21. To measure map distances directly off the map, use:( 7.0-1 ) A map wheel The paper strip trick Calculate from coordinates Use the TerraGo toolbar Any of these

21. Which map scale is rarely used?( 3.4-1 ) 1:10 000 1:63 360 1:50 000 1:1M 1:57 123

22. The Canadian Dominion Land Survey differs in which of the following ways from the USPLSS?( 6.5-2 ) Townships are given arabic numerals, Ranges Roman. The section numbers start in the lower right, instead of the upper right It covers western Canada, rather than the US A subdivision of a section into 16 parts is possible, called a Legal Sub-Division All of the above

22. Two examples of VGI given in this module are:( 12.5-3 ) maplet and Tides Google streetview and Google maps Worldwind and Google Earth GeoPDF and NGA soundmap and openstreetmap.org

22. What is true of secant projections?( 4.19-1 ) They can be used for azimuthal, cylindrical or conic projections They can be used for equatorial, oblique or transverse aspect The projection surface cuts through the globe surface If the line of secancy is a parallel, it is called a standard parallel All of the above

23. A way to improve GPS accuracy is to use:( 10.5-1 ) WAAS Differential correction Post processing Carrier phase tracking all of the above

23. Other examples of land partitioning are:( 6.6-1 ) Cadastral or land ownership maps Voting districts Counties School districts All of the above

23. Which projection has been optimized for covering the 50 United States?( 4.20-2 ) Lambert conformal conic Winkel Tripel Robinson Mollweide GS-50

24. Most large and even small ocean vessels now use:( 11.5-4 ) iPhone and the Internet VFR and RDF CORS and Radar solar powered digital maps GPS and digital chart systems

24. The four processes of map generalization:( 9.4-3 ) never happen together only apply in Wisconsin are selection, qualification, quality control and implementation do not impact online maps can happen together

25. A lesson from this module concerning cartometry is:( 9.4-1 ) Don't give up your day job If only cartographers could do cartometry, all errors could be eliminated Friends don't let friends measure maps inaccurately Cartographers rule the map Map measurement error is a function of how much generalization has been applied to a map

25. The star around which the night sky appears to revolve is called:( 2.1-3 ) Astrolabe Ptolemy Pluto Copernicus Polaris

25. We need to account for magnetic declination because:( 7.9-2 ) It changes over time It changes depending on where you are It can vary both east or west of True North It can be accounted for on a compass All of the above

25. Which is FALSE about the State Plane coordinate system?( 5.5.3-1 ) It is used in surveying, land ownership records and engineering. Before 1983 it used thousands of feet and NAD27, but since then meters and NAD84 In 1983, many states changes their origins, and some their zones and projections It covers the USA in 110 zones Only the panhandle of Texas uses the oblique Mercator projection, all others use the transverse Mercator and Lambert conformal conic.

3. A list of places ordered alphabetically and including their latitudes and longitudes is a:( 10.1-3 ) Harrison Lunar Distance Maskelyne GNSS Gazetteer

3. Land partitioning systems assign what to each land parcel?( 6.1-7 ) A price A height A township A dominion A label (or code)

3. The limits of visibility mean that at about 25dpi, map features suffer:( 9.1-4 ) generalization projection distortion drop in wipe out drop out

3. Which map projection statement is false?( 4.15-9 ) No flat map can be both equivalent and conformal Conformal projections preserve local shape and direction Equivalent projections preserve area Map projection distortion can be seen at confluences on the graticule Tissot's indicatrixes are always circles

5. What should be true of a map legend?( 7.2-2 ) All the symbols used in the map should also be on the legend The symbols set should contain none that are unused on the map or map series There should be an explanation of how the map deals with missing or unavailable data The text should be clear and worded unambiguously All of the above

6. As we get close to the limits of zooming in we see:( 9.1-15 ) fewer features less extent fewer labeled features smoother features all of the above

7. Grid systems use projections because:( 5.4.1-2 ) Geographic coordinates are based on angles, not distances They need to minimize or account for error due to the earth's curvature They need to be tied to a specific datum The earth is not flat All of the above

7. Some standard map scales are:( 9.2-2 ) 1:400 000 000 and 1:1 250 1:40 000 000 and 1:5 000 1: 4 000 000 and 1:10 000 1:400 000 and 1:20 000 1:100 000 and 1:24 000

7. Using a geobrowser to get the turn by turn directions from A to B uses what function(s)?:( 12.2-5 ) zoom pan place name search routing all of the above

7. What is defined as: the study of the size and shape of the earth and the properties of its magnetic and gravity fields( 2.1-2 ) Geography Geology Geophysics Cartography Geodesy

7. Which trick is useful in inspection?( 10.2-5 ) aligning the map using features and visibility locating unique place combinations using names and signs all of the above

8. Using geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) is insufficient for grids because:( 5.4.1-2 ) You get different locations depending on the choice of ellipsoid Geographic coordinates are angles at the center of the earth, not distances The length of a degree of longitude depends on its latitude Geographic coordinates work for the sphere and ellipsoid, not a flat plane All of the above

8. Which of these are part of the planet earth's motion?( 2.1-4 ) Rotation around the sun Rotation around the polar axis Rotation within the Milky Way galaxy Movement of the Milky Way group All of the above

9. An example of a text feature shown on USGS topographic maps is:( 7.3-4 ) School National Park Boundary Railroad yard Coral Reef USPLSS Section Numbers

9. Which is not one of the four hemispheres?( 4.8-2 ) Eastern hemisphere Southern hemisphere Western hemisphere Northern hemisphere Cerebral hemisphere

Geography 12 is intended to teach you:( 1.3-2 ) Spatial reasoning and thinking Map geometry, construction and content, practical map use, reading and navigation Map representation, Cartometry and map analysis Basics of cartography's sister disciplines All of the above

The expectations of you for Geography 12 are to:( 1.3-5 ) Review online modules on schedule Attend lab, and submit labs in a timely fashion Read the book and materials, ask questions and provide evaluations Think spatially All of the above

The world's oldest map was probably used for:( 1.2.5-6 ) Fishing Taxation Conquest of other tribes Decoration Hunting

Which method of human reasoning makes most use of spatial reasoning? Oracy Literacy Numeracy Graphicacy Catalhoyukacy

Graphicacy

25. To see terrain animations on the world wide web requires:( 13.6-4 ) An ordinary web browser A mac Windows explorer A 3D workstation Hours of time

a...

20. Which of the following enables mapping of tiny (on the scale of milimeters) changes in height of terrain over time?( 16.5-4 ) interferometric synthetic aperature radara (IfSAR) side-looking airborn radar (SLAR) Shuttle Imaging Radar-C aerial photographs a clinometer

21. Continuous data are often measured by taking:( 17.7-7 ) point samples line samples area samples minimal samples none of these

21. The late 1940s or early 1950s Soviet propaganda map shows Joseph Stalin looking at what?:( 23.5-8 ) collective farms in central Asia as if they were armies in a war to defeat drought the Gulag archipelago the Pacific Ocean the western front in 1944 Vietnam

One of the reasons Meese believed this about the mural is that:( 1.2.4-2 ) Mellart changed his own interpretation The colors clashed Leopards are cuter The drawing was upside down All of the above

Mellart changed his own interpretation

19. What is true of using maps or images from different times to detect and understand spatial change? ( 24.3-11 ) You need time-complete data with a short enough temporal step There is no need for the maps or images to be co-registered Two images is enough It is unnecessary to compare images, just maps will do The rules of chess must apply

22. The fact that cartometry depends upon the size of the spatial units used for an analysis is known as:( 18.7-2 ) the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem Tobler's First Law the Cartometer's Paradox Tissot's Indicatrix the Confluence Conundrum

19. When using cell counting:( 8.3-7 ) You count the full cells, add half the partial cells and multiple by the cell area You add the full and the partial cells and multiply by the cell area You multiply the full cells by the cell area You count the number of cell intersections inside the area, then multiply by the cell area You count the edge cells, and multiply by the cell area

2. A map dedicated to showing the distribution of the pattern or distribution of a single variable is a:( 17.1-3 ) thematic map topographic map general purpose map dasymetric map choropleth map

2. What is spatial literacy?( 24.1-2 ) minimal skill set in humans for spatial reasoning being able to outsmart a chimpanzee being able to read books being able to write your name something absent in all but a few people

2. What is the practice of determining the geometric properties of objects from photographic images?:( 21.1-2 ) photogrammetry computer assisted cartography visual analytics remote sensing geographic information science

20. Both strike and dip are angles. Which is the direction from true north of the trend of a geological outcrop?( 20.6-3 ) strike direction dip angle strike and dip azimuth compass north

16. What happened in Broughton, UK, (52.05399N, 0.6953W) in April 2009 when the Google Car showed up?( 22.5-4 ) an "angry mob" blocked the car, concerned about loss of privacy residents held up signs supporting Google, still visible in streetview thieves used the images to break into 8 houses a loss of power resulted in Broughton being shown in shades of black a flat front tire caused the images to build up at one spot

20. Geoprivacy is:( 22.6-4 ) your right and ability to limit knowledge of your location an mode when using Google maps only used in the UK the act of blurring license plates in Google Earth none of these

Catalhoyuk is in modern day:( 1.2.1-2 ) France Texas Turkey Turkmenistan Greece

Turkey

16. What happened in Joplin, Missouri on May 22nd, 2011?( 24.3-3 ) a catastrophic tornado struck killing 160 people the great American BBQ cook-off took place a landslide closed I-44 a volcano created an island in the middle of Oscie Ora Arces Lake the First City Bank of Joplin declared bancruptcy

Understanding mapping history, unencoding maps' meaning, knowing how maps are constructed, and seeing how maps are structured and the rules they follow will help you:( 1.1-5 ) Win friends and influence people Fill your spare time Finish the Sunday crossword puzzle Travel to Turkey Unlock your graphicacy

Unlock your graphicacy

17. A quadrat is:( 18.4-2 ) a cell within a grid, often used in spatial analyses a measure of shape a latitude and longitude grid that often appears on a map a mathematical equation a square

18. A tree with a branching ratio of 2.0 means that:( 19.4-4 ) each link divides into two links at the next level links reconnect every two nodes the graph is non-planar the graph is aspatial water flows back uphill

18. The Kelsh plotter and stereo workstation can be used to: ( 16.3-10 ) map heights map distances map point distributions partition land project maps

Graphicacy and spatial reasoning make use of:( 1.1-3 ) A dictionary, a thesaurus and a pad of paper A debate coach, a rhetoric class and voice lessons A pocket calculator, on-line computing tool and a ruler Visual aids, maps, photographs, charts and graphs Stucco, pigments and a paint brush

Visual Aids, maps, photographs, charts, and graphs

19. A distribution metric that compares the measured mean point separation to the expected mean point separation if the distribution were random is:( 18.5-2 ) the nearest neighbor statistic compactness Schumm elongation measure the quadrat statistic Yule's Q

19. Mid-level streams: ( 15.5-9 ) tend to meander more than streams near their source generally lose elevation fast frequently form oxbow lakes often build up levees all of the above

19. What are procedures used to deliberately confuse, mislead or camouflage oneself from the enemy called?( 23.5-4 ) maskirovka cheating maps that claim cartographic traps wartime maps

10. Extraterrestrial mapping is:( 20.3-2 ) maps of the moon, planets, sun, stars and sky the star maps sold on corners in Hollywood included with the Astrology listing in daily newspapers maps showing UFO sightings since 1950 any map showing Area 51

11. Five lakes with different shapes are represented on a map. Which of the following lake shapes could produce a Schumm index value of 0.1?( 18.2-12 ) very long and skinny oval-shaped close to circular rectangular doughnut-shaped

11. Sinkholes often form:( 15.3-7 ) in areas of karst topography as a result of folding near mud flats in association with ice flows all of the above

13. Cirques, nunataks, and aretes are features associated with which type of landscape? ( 15.4-8 ) glaciated coastal irrigated morraine alluvial

13. The specially encoded symbols used on a synoptic weather map are:( 17.6-2 ) point ratio line ratio point interval point nominal area ratio

13. What is a cycle within a network? ( 19.3-9 ) a loop that separates a polygon an aspatial network a non-planar part of a planar graph Dykstra's method a disconnected segment of the graph

13. Which of the following measures would be appropriate for comparing the shapes of three different voting districts?( 18.2-7 ) the Miller index sinuosity quadrat analysis nearest neighbor statistic Yule's Q

14. The term nadir describes:( 16.3-5 ) an aerial view looking straight down an aerial view looking towards the horizon a view from the ground looking straight up a view from the ground looking towards the horizon a politician who repeatedly runs for President

16. A graphic consisting of jumbled text, with font size proportional to word frequency is called a:( 21.3-5 ) word cloud tag map box plot network graph tree map

22. US maps during the Cold War often showed?:( 23.5-9 ) distance rings and attach paths for bomber aircraft and missiles survival shelters in cities South America Antarctica countdown clocks to nuclear anihilation

4. A map of the lower 48 United States can be made into a network by:( 19.1-6 ) choosing a point within each state, and joining it to states with a shared boundary assuming that the graph is planar Dykstra's algorithm Drawing in the Interstate highways Counting the number of letters in the state's name

4. The differential color choropleth map example in this module showed female to male salary rations using:( 20.1-5 ) high female salaries in red, near even in yellow, high male in green high male salaries in red, near even in yellow, high female in green high female salaries in pink, near even in yellow, high male in blue high female salaries in blue, near even in yellow, high male in red a monochrome sequence of grey to black

5. The metric that is calculated by dividing the actual distance by the "as-the-crow-flies" distance is called:( 18.2-3 ) sinuosity the Lee Sallee measure compactness great circleness the Schumm elongation measure

7. Google Earth was reengineered from what prior product in 2005?:( 22.2-1 ) Keyhole Earthviewer NASA World Wind Falconview MicroDEM Google Pavement View

7. If the RF is 1:50 000, and the ground distance is 1km, what is the map distance?( 3.3.1-3 ) 0.02 m 0.05 m 0.1 m 20 m 0.02 km

7. The Cassini family was responsible for:( 16.2.2-5 ) the first major triangulation mapping the first Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation mapping in the US the first survey of Mount Everest inventing the clinometer inventing the plane table

7. the "Map of the State of Nebraska showing the lands of the Burlington & Missouri RR Co. 1876" was used to promote:( 23.2-4 ) the railroads, by promoting settlement and agriculture the California Gold Fields exploration along rivers the Public Land Survey system traveling salesmen

6. What is probably the oldest isoline map, the first to use contour mapping, was made in 1700 by Edmund Halley. The lines it shows are lines of equal:( 13.1-11 ) magnetic compass declination speed of earth rotation terrain height variation from the datum population

a...

10. Which is true?:( 13.3-7 ) hypsometric colors often go from green to red, while bathymetry is shaded with deepening blues hypsometric colors often go from brown to white, while bathymetry is shaded with deepening greys hypsometric colors often go from white to purple, while bathymetry is shaded with deepening magentas hypsometric colors often go from green to black, while bathymetry is shaded with deepening greens there are no standard colors for hypsometry and bathymetry

a...

8. Shaded relief methods depend heavily on:( 13.3-5 ) the aspect and zenith angle of the illumination the slope and height of the terrain the maximum height minus the minimum the amount of stereo used where the observer stands on the terrain

a...

10. The yellow graffiti-covered building in this module turned out to be where?( 24.2-13 ) Paris, France Long Island City, Queens, New York Washington, DC Lavender Canyon, Utah Varanasi, India

10. Which of the following metrics compares the area of a feature to the area of a circle with the same perimeter?( 18.2-11 ) the area-perimeter ratio the Miller shape index the Schumm elogation measure the Lee Salee index the Olympic Ring index

11. A map that shows US city populations classed by size and represented by four colored symbols is a:?( 17.4-2 ) nominal area map ordinal point map ordinal line map ratio point map dasymetric map

11. A network graph with 6 nodes and 4 links is:( 19.3-5 ) connected unconnected non-symmetric aspatial non-planar

12. A distance table gives:( 8.2-14 ) the areas of each state a matrix of distances between places the height of each state capitol building the formula for distance all of the above

12. Gathering together multiple air photos and maps to aid in interpretation is called:( 21.1-9 ) cartography information fusion georectification visual analytics Bonnie Claire, Nevada

12. The hierarchical line symbols used to show roads on US topo maps are examples of what kind of data?:( 17.4-4 ) nominal ordinal interval ratio dasymetric

13. In what sister discipline were computer tools first used to automate tedious and error-prone manual tasks, such as drawing graticules on maps? ( 21.2-2 ) photogrammetry computer assisted cartography visual analytics remote sensing a geographic information system

14. A map that has an inclination to present or hold a partial perspective at the expense of (possibly equally valid) alternatives shows:( 23.4-2 ) spirit bias random error disputed territories all of the above

14. Deposition is a process responsible for the formation of:( 15.4-6 ) caves mud flats headlands gremlins none of the above

14. The streetscape with dozens of motorcycles was thought to be:( 24.2-10 ) on the Ghats near the river Ganges, Varanasi, India in a tourist area of Hanoi, Vietnam outide a bar in Toledo, Ohio in Lavender Canyon, Utah at Mistake Point, California

14. Wind flow vectors that show direction and speed of wind flow are what kind of symbol?:( 17.6-3 ) point ratio line ratio area ratio point interval line interval

15. Computer mapping increasingly uses what tool?:( 21.2-5 ) stadia poles Internet and the world wide web stereoscope paper and ink magnetic compass

15. Maps showing weather and climate information can be found at:( 20.5-2 ) www.choropleth.biz www.weatherbug.com www.zillow.com www.cartogis.org all of these

15. The three choropleth maps of Michigan Unemplyment in March 2012 change the look of the distribution by:( 23.4-3 ) faking the numbers from the Labor Department changing the classification method and number of classes adding random variations subtracting random variations outsourcing the statistics to India

16. Arthur Strahler is known for developing what?( 15.5-2 ) a common metric of landscape complexity a stream order classification system the levee the chronometer the modern-day study of tectonics

16. The Census map of the 1860 distribution of slave population in the South influenced:( 23.4-4 ) the Battle of Shiloh Lincoln's issuance of the emancipation proclamation the 1870 map the stock market Jefferson Davis

17. How many images are necessary for viewing in stereo?( 16.3-8 ) at least 1 at least 2 at least 3 at least 4 it depends on the distance between the camera and objects in the image

17. In a tree, links meet at:( 19.4-2 ) alternate nodes confluences points of peak accessibility points of maximum slope none of the above

17. Which type of area feature is usually vaguely defined when mapped:( 8.3-2 ) a road swamps fields in the Township and Range system Military bases the coastline

18. The file format to save or write Google Earth scripts into is called:( 22.6-3 ) Word DOC KML (Keyhole Markup Language) and KMZ (compressed) Rich Text Format (RTF) Executable (EXE) Bing

19. The USGS's "Did You Feel It" earthquake website is an example of: ( 20.6-2 ) a social network user-contributed geographic information use of the National Map the wireless web nominal area mapping

2. What method was first used to establish accurate height measurements?( 16.1-2 ) photogrammetry triangulation RADAR LiDAR cartometry

20. You calculate the nearest neighbor statistic for two point distributions, A and B. Distribution A yields a value of 0.94, while distribution B yields 1.75. Which of the following is true?( 18.5.2-0 ) Points in A form an approximately square grid pattern, while points in B form an approximately hexagonal grid pattern. Points in A are more randomly distributed than points in B. Points in B are more randomly distributed than points in A. Points in B are more clustered than points in A. Distributions A and B would be indistinguishable.

21. Many airlines use what kind of network?( 19.4-10 ) planar non-symmetric spoke and hub mesh ring aspatial planar

22. A popular form of continuous field map used on the web, for example for crime mapping, is the:( 17.7-8 ) flow map heat map temperature map dasymetric map choropleth map

22. How do most people have contact with remotely sensed imagery?:( 21.4-4 ) on open day at NASA bases by using Google Maps and Google Earth through coffee table books when passing red-light cameras by joining the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

22. Why do Hindus seek to be cremated or to visit Varanasi, India?( 24.4-8 ) to drink the crystal clear water of the Ganges so that they can escape the cycle of reincarnation to buy the terrific street food it is in the geometric center of India to visit the place where the Beatles stayed in 1966

22. [Blank] is suitable for mapping large areas of terrain at medium resolution, while [blank] is suitable for mapping smaller areas at hight resolution.( 16.0-1 ) LiDAR...RADAR RADAR...LiDar plane table survey...levelling photogrammetry...triangulation rubber sheeting...dead reckoning

23. To show the German people that they were under threat before World War II the Illustrite Zeitung published a map showing that Germany was:( 23.5-10 ) about to conquer Europe surrounded by well equipped enemy armies right to oppose militarism well prepared for defense open to invasion from Great Britain

23. Which of the following values for Yule's Q describe two point patterns that have no apparent spatial association with each other?( 18.6-4 ) -1 0 1 2 It is impossible to tell.

24. An example of GIS software is:( 21.5-5 ) InkScape Word Quantum GIS GIMP GIS FaceGIS

24. What is a list of placenames, with their coordinates:( 12.6-2 ) a phone directory a gazetteer a thesaurus a GeoHack a WorldWind

25. A GIS can add street addresses to automatically assigned geocodes. This is called:( 21.5-6 ) map overlay address matching data tabling rasterizing bundling

25. A map showing this week's unemployment rate by state as a shaded choropleth map shows what type of data:( 17.7-2 ) continuous discrete nominal reference indiscrete

25. What is a connection between the Interstate highway system and the zero milestone marker in Washington DC?:( 20.9-5 ) both involved measuring highways both involved Dwight D. Eisenhower both cost the same amount of money both were completed in the same year there is no connection

3. Examples of point, line and area features are:( 8.2-1 ) lakes, reservoirs and ponds springs, streams and lakes roads, rivers and canals coastlines, beaches and bluffs railroads, pipelines and transmission lines

4. The study of how the earth's form changes and evolves is the primary focus of:( 15.1-2 ) cartometry geomorphology cartography archaeology drumlins

5. A bivariate choropleth map shows: ( 20.1-7 ) poverty level two variables, such as income and education, using colors and shades three variables, using the height of the column glyph multiple variables shown using pie charts at points none of the above

6. A clinometer is used to measure what?( 16.2.2-4 ) altitude vertical angles atmospheric pressure distance radioactivity

6. A perfectly straight road would have [blank] zero crossings and a sinuosity value of [blank].( 18.2-3 ) 0...0 0...1 1...0 1...1 -1...-1

6. Landscape [blank] are typically visible as terrain, while landscape [blank] shape the surface of the earth.( 15.1-2 ) forces...networks forms...processes processes...forms contours...boundaries designs...architects

6. Which two geobrowsers are supported by Microsoft?:( 22.1-8 ) Google Maps and Google Earth Bing Maps 3D and Worldwide Telescope ArcGIS Explorer and World Wind 3rd Planet and MapJack Earthbrowser and Open Web Globe

8. If I use the Google image similarity search function and enter a picture from the website www.where-is-this.com, what happens?( 24.2-13 ) I get a picture of St Paul's cathedral in London I may get the website that contains the picture I get a picture with the same color combinations as the picture, but of a different size My broswer crashes I am sent to maps.google.com

8. The first benchmark for mapping heights in the US was called:( 16.2.2-6 ) "Cassini" "Buttermilk" "Snell" "Milktoast" "Hassler"

8. The first college classes in photogrammetry date from:( 21.1-4 ) 1858 the 1920s the 1950s 1934 Photogrammetry is not taught in college

9. A lake that is approximately square-shaped would have an area-perimeter ratio approaching( 18.2-10 ) 0 0.25 0.28 0.5 1

12. Imhof shading involves:( 13.3-9 ) using Adobe Photoshop adjusting regular hill shading to enhance terrain features such as ridges and peaks anaglyphic enhancement adding photographic images head mounted virtual displays

b...

13. Terrain inversion, differential of darkness/contrast, and lack of absolute heights are true of which terrain depiction method?:( 13.3-10 ) wiggly worms hill shading anaglyphs spot heights contours

b...

21. Slope is( 13.4-10 ) the top over the bottom the relief the rise over the run the azimuth and the zenith the height

b...

23. A stereo view that must be viewed with red and blue glasses is called:( 13.6-3 ) terrain fly-by anaglyphic stereo animation contour intervals X3D

b...

5. Until recently, what USGS map feature's symbol still used hachures:( 13.1-10 ) mine shafts mine tailings railroads older, more eroded mountains swamps

b...

15. The maxim, "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related to each other" is known as:( 18.3-5 ) friction of distance the Law of Geographic Distribution Tober's First Law distance decay agglomeration

16. Two weaknesses common in maps showing climate change and its consequences are:( 20.5-8 ) an inability to show change the means of displaying the two poles choice of projection and use of colors the map scale and legend the amount of generalization

17. When in Google Maps, how do you initiate Google Street View?( 22.5-5 ) hit Cntrl-Alt-Delete use the Alt key, or the Apple key on a Mac drag the little yellow man onto the road network where you want to view from using a microphone, simply say "Little Yellow Man" you can only use Street View from Google Earth

18. On a dasymetric map, what is true:( 17.7-4 ) the surface is smooth the values inside the areal units are assumed equal adjacent areas need not have values in the next higher or lower class all lines point north declination is zero

19. A radial drainage pattern might be expected: ( 19.4-5 ) near airports in folded hills around a single peak in West Virginia none of the above

19. The first space remote sensing program which ran from 1958-1972 was called: ( 21.4-2 ) Landsat NASA CORONA Aster GeoEye

20. A forest zone was measured for area using cell counting from a map and then an image. Which is probably true?:( 8.3-8 ) the map gave a larger area than the image the map and the image gave exactly the same area the image gave a larger area than the map the number of cells was incorrect the number of cell intersections was incorrect

21. An old map such as Waaldemuller's map showing America is what kind of map?( 20.7-2 ) digital historical Atlas historical map map of history a time line

21. The SRTM was an effort to:( 16.5-5 ) map trenches during World War I. measure small changes in terrain elevation in the Three Sisters volcano zone, Oregon. collect terrain information over most of the earth. create a digital map of the US coast, led by NOAA. update FEMA's flood maps.

21. Which of the following are associated with folding?( 15.6-8 ) strike-slip motion transform faults monoclines and anticlines offset drainage channels all of the above

21. Which of the following can be used to compare the level of correspondence between two distributions?( 18.6-4 ) the nearest neighbor statistic Tobler's First Law Yule's Q statistic sinuosity zero crossings

24. A map showing lines joining points that take equal time to reach from a fixed location uses:( 19.5-4 ) isobaths contours isochrones colors heatmaps

24. Clownfish often live in association with sea anemones. Which of the following values for Yule's Q might you expect to when comparing the distribution of sea anemones and the distribution of clownfish?( 18.6-1 ) -0.868 0.019 0.751 1.880 none of the above

24. What is true of the National Geographic magazine:( 22.2-1 ) the cover has a surrounding yellow ellipse all the maps are available in Google Maps maps, articles and photographs are available through Google Earth maps, articles and photographs are available through Bing Maps none of the above

24. Which of the following statements about LiDAR is false?( 16.6-2 ) Both airborne and terrestrial versions are used in mapping. It is an active remote sensing technique, using pulses of laser light that bounce off the ground and are then sensed back at the instrument. It is used in mapping, geophysics, construction, and archaeology. It is generally less accurate than RADAR. It uses a simultaneous GPS signal to process the data.

25. What is a fictitious entry of a misrepresented street on a map for the purpose of "trapping" potential copyright violators?( 23.6-4 ) cartographic error a random error a cartographic trap Mistake Point An A-Z map

25. Which of the following statements is false?( 15.0-1 ) Water can be involved in both erosion and deposition. Glaciers rarely form on south-facing slopes. At plate boundaries, convergent forces create new rock while divergent forces send rock back below the earth's surface. Faulting and folding are examples of tectonic processes. A summit is the highest elevation within a vicinity.

3. A terrain display method used on maps that uses lines following the run of slopes downhill is:( 13.1-7 ) anaglyphs petroglyphs hachures Tanaka shading Imhof shading

3. Measurable properties of an area include:( 18.2-2 ) sinuosity zero crossings compactness clustering all of the above

3. What is the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by visual interactive interfaces?:( 21.3-2 ) photogrammetry computer assisted cartography visual analytics remote sensing geographic information science

3. Which of these is a small multiple:( 20.1-4 ) a single frame of an animation an animates map showing different dates for the same map base a series of small similar graphics or maps, allowing them to be easily compared choropleth maps with differential color schemes choropleth maps with monochrome shade sequences

4. The first geobrowser was:( 22.1-6 ) Keyhole Google Earth NASA World Wind Worldwide Telescope ArcGIS Explorer

5. Geographer Mark Monmonier is the author of which book? ( 23.1-5 ) Maps and Web Mapping Getting Started with GIS How to Lie With Maps Mapping the Nation: History & Cartography in 19th Century America Maps, Yo!

5. If you follow the strategy of: always turn left, unless it is an obvious dead end in which case backtrack to a decision point and turn right, what will happen in a maze?( 24.1-6 ) you will remain in an infinite loop, unable to find the exit you will find your way back to the entrance you will find your way to the exit you will never backtrack along a segment all of the above

6. Temperatures in Fahrenheit and Kelvin are examples of what two data levels?:( 17.2-1 ) nominal and ordinal ordinal and interval interval and ratio nominal and interval ordinal and ratio

7. What was taken from a balloon 520 m above Paris by Gasper Felix Tournachon in 1858( 21.1-3 ) the first photograph the first remotely sensed image the first photograph to be interpreted and annotated the first map his fellow balloonist's wallet

7. Which geographic data value and its cartographic element is nominal only?:( 17.3-1 ) traffic flow along a road population density within a county a place name rents shown on a prism map none of the above

8. The most compact shape possible is a:( 18.2-7 ) triangle square circle five-pointed star hexagon

9. Determining position without use of a positioning aid or map requires relating ones self to what?( 24.2-2 ) the moons of Jupiter the earth's magnetic field the environment the zero milestone marker Meades Ranch, Kansas

9. Google Earth viewer can be downloaded and installed from:( 22.3-6 ) http://www.bing.com/maps/ http://www.google.com/maps http://www.google.com/earth http://www.earthviewer.com The National Map Viewer

9. Hassler's triangulation survey of 1807 encompassed which of the following locations?( 16.2.2-7 ) San Francisco Mount Everest Long Island Denver Chicago

9. The road that goes from the visitor center to the summit of Capulin mountain in New Mexico is shaped like:( 8.2-6 ) an ellipse a circle a spiral a star a cowboy hat

9. What type of data are often shown on a cartogram based on state population?( 20.2-4 ) unemployment rates stock prices election results the rise and fall of nations state income taxes

24. A fly-through animation involves:( 13.6-4 ) a static observer and a static frame a static observer and a moving frame a moving observer and a static frame a moving observer and a moving frame using a headset

c...

7. The 1949 map of Devil's tower, Wyoming used which three terrain depiction methods?:( 13.3-3 ) panoramic views, air pressure and temperature Tanaka shading, spot heights and wiggly worms spot heights, relief shading and contours relief shading, Imhof shading and Tanaka shading index contours, bench marks and roads

c...

9. Hypsometric coloring:( 13.3-6 ) shades the terrain on the map requires the use of transparency fills the areas between successive contours with graded color sequences only works in the northern hemisphere only works in the oceans

c...

1. Which of the following can destroy mountains?( 15.1-3 ) volcanoes plate tectonics magnetism oceans all of the above

1. Who were the Zeno brothers?( 23.1-2 ) A comedy act that still plays late night television in Italy The publisher of the 1558 book "Around the World in 80 Days" Circus tight-rope walkers The fictitious discoverers of fictitious Frisland, an island in the North Atlantic in 1390 None of these, they never existed

1. Why not use globes instead of maps?( 4.1.3-1 ) Globes are easy to store. You can see all of a globe's surface at once. Globes on an icosahedron can easily be unfolded flat. Flat maps can be printed, stored and displayed on a computer with ease. Globes are much cheaper than maps.

10. An example of a feature that has changed its length over three different mappings is:( 8.2-10 ) a soccer field the Washington monument the Colorado state capitol the Madrid bar the Steinhaus longimeter

10. The first generation of USGS topographic maps made using air photos date from:( 21.1-5 ) 1776 1812 1927 the 1950s the 1990s

10. The study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pair-wise relations between objects within a network, is called:( 19.3-2 ) mathematics cartometry geometry graph theory cartography

10. To search using Google Earth, copy a placename or coordinate into the:( 22.3-2 ) community bulleting board navigation toolbar browser bar search window bitbucket

10. What is critical to interpreting an area nominal map?( 17.3-6 ) a scale the map title having the map text in English the legend there is no such thing as an area nominal map

12. A term describing the crescent shape of a sand dune is:( 15.3-8 ) cirque depositional lunar barchan karst

12. An example of a claim to territory due to discovery is:( 23.3-5 ) Australia's claim to part of Antarctica Pakistan's claim to parts of Jammu and Kashmir Argentina's claim to the Malvinas/Falkland Islands Norway's claims to Antarctica (Amundsen first to South Pole) the United States claim to the American West

12. During World War I, aerial photography was used to:( 16.3-2 ) generate 3D terrain models detect infrared signals track carrier pigeons map trenches all of the above

12. Google Earth Hacks is:( 22.4-2 ) how you make Google Earth run on a Mac where you are sent when you click on geographic coordinates on the web a tool to georectify images a website that provides links to interesting content found or created by Google Earth users the name of a soccer player from Chile

12. The relief, or highest minus lowest elevation (depth), on earth is 19 700m. On Mars it is:( 20.3-5 ) 31m 3 100m also 19 700m about 31 000m about 310 000m

12. To calculate a feature's Lee Sallee metric:( 18.2-14 ) you take the ratio of the feature's area to the square root of its perimeter you calculate the diameter of a circle with the same area as the feature, then divide this by the length of the longest axis of the feature you count the number of times the feature curves to the left and right on top of the feature you overlay a circle with the same area, then take the ratio of the intersection area to the union area you have to consider the distribution of its surrounding features

14. In New York, if you take the 2 train from 241st Street in the Bronx, and transfer to the Far Rockaway-bound A train, you'll travel over 38 miles, the longest trip possible. In networks, this is called the:( 19.3-10 ) bomb connectivity shortest path diameter asymmetric non-planar

15. On USGS maps, glaciers are symbolized in:( 15.4-9 ) grey purple green blue black

15. The formula that calculates the length of a line with n points with their coordinates, and n - 1 segments:( 8.2-5 ) uses the Pythagorean theorem for each segment, then multiplies the lengths uses the Pythagorean theorem for each segment, then divides the lengths uses the Pythagorean theorem for each segment, then subtracts the lengths uses the Pythagorean theorem for each segment, then adds the lengths uses reverse Polish notation

16. Rubber sheeting is used:( 16.3-7 ) in cartometry to measure the length of linear features on maps with a plane table and alidade, to determine the distance between two locations to determine the amount of radial displacement on an aerial photograph to warp an aerial photograph into the correct map geometry by disreputable cartographers to deceive map readers

17. During the period 1957-2006, temperatures in the Western Antarctic:( 20.5-6 ) fell 0.25 degrees fell 0.1 degrees remained the same rose 0.25 degrees science is still debating global warming

17. What kind of maps appear to minimize any bias:( 23.4-6 ) fancy maps using innovative cartographic methods maps of disputed territory war propaganda maps non-partisan, well designed, conventional, effective and simple maps web maps

18. Comparing Landsat images of Tehran, Iran in 1985 and 2009, the major difference is:( 24.3-8 ) the proliferation of nuclear power plants the reduction in the number of roads creation of a new island within Lake Tehran the amount of urban expansion there is no major difference

18. Two streams, both of order 3, meet to form a single stream. This stream's order is:( 15.5-3 ) 2 3 4 6 impossible to determine without additional information

18. What is an annual conference that focuses particularly on creating specialized graphics and visual forms for information displays?( 21.3-2 ) AutoCarto GIScience GeoComputation InfoVis GeeWhis

19. Examples of geographic units for discrete data mapping are:( 17.7-2 ) cells, grid cells, and sections points, lines and areas nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio census tracts, counties and states daysmetric

19. Which of the following statements is false?( 16.4-2 ) Prior to 1927, US mapping used different geodetic models. Heights measured from NAD27 were measured with respect to the location of Meades Ranch. NAD83, WGS84 and ITRF are all based on earth-centered datums. The summit of Mt. Everest is the point on earth farthest from the earth's center. The space era allowed measurement of the whole earth's magnetic field, which enabled earth-centered datums to be established.

2. Compared to regular text-based web searching, a geobrowser is more like:( 22.1-4 ) being in a submarine using a 1982 Apple II computer playing video games reading a clue at a treasure hunt using page indexing

2. Distributions of which of the following can be quantified using maps?( 18.1-1 ) points lines areas all of the above

2. Examples of animations given in the module include:( 20.1-3 ) earthquakes felt in California and the global carbon balance census data on cities over 100 000 population airline traffic over the lower 48 states and the granting of statehood world fires and spread of the Zebra mussel none of the above

2. Some methods used historically for topographic depiction did not include:( 13.0-1 ) pictorial representation wiggly worms contours NASA Worldwind hachures

2. Who was fooled into including Frisland on maps even 200 years later?( 23.1-2 ) Nicolo Zeno Martin Waldseemuller King Henry I Gerardus Mercator Rand McNally

20. Alluvial fans are found:( 15.5-13 ) on a beach, near cliffs at the base of headlands eroded by wave action at the Beachville Alluvials baseball games where streams pass from mountainous to flat terrain inside eskers

20. Maskirovka was used by what country during the Cold War on its maps?:( 23.5-4 ) South Korea Australia Austria the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics the United States

20. What is "an urban scene imaged by oblique or ground level photograph or video"?( 24.4-2 ) a street view an everyscape a Flickr image a streetscape a YouTube video

21. A digital planimeter is a device for measuring what from maps:( 8.3-12 ) the scale positions distances areas text

22. The openstreetmap.org map of Port-au-Prince, Haiti createed after the earthquake of January 2010 is historical because:( 20.7-6 ) it was funded by USAID it used a new map scale it was created by a single mapping agency its creation by volunteers was an excellent first example of volunteered geographic information it was the most expensive map ever made

23. A dasymetric map is part way between what two mapping types:( 17.7-3 ) nominal and interval thematic and reference black/white and color continuous and discrete dimension and scaling level

23. Dykstra, A-star, and Bellman-Ford-Moore are examples of:( 19.5-3 ) measures of network diameter accessibility indices network indices, such as alpha and gamma shortest path algorithms brute force solutions

23. Google Earth's Mike Jones said of Google Earth:( 22.2-1 ) "Its about location, location, location." "Google your own house, you'll see." "We were way before Microsoft." "We are like an iPod for Earth images." "Wear sunscreen."

23. To fully understand a streetscape, including determining the location, date and what is happening you should:( 24.4-7 ) rely on wikipedia use Google Maps do a Google image similarity search use web accounts, and all available maps and images call a friend

24. The tactile map showing a station was from:( 20.8-4 ) India Turkey Saudi Arabia Hong Kong New York

24. What landscape metric best described the complexity of the boundaries of the 50 states?:( 8.4-3 ) Area Perimeter Perimeter squared A shape index The east-west extent

25. What might you expect of a mapped area covered in hills that were once sand dunes?( 8.8-1 ) The roads would all be straight Land partitioning would use metes and bounds There would be many lakes The hills would have similar directional orientation The area would be unsettled

25. Which of the following statements is false?( 18.0-1 ) Yule's Q is sensitive to the scale at which the analysis is performed. Geographical distributions often repeat themselves in space. Many patterns and distributions are embedded in maps, at all different scales. It is usually possible to re-create a shape when shape metrics, such as sinuosity or compactness, are known. Distance decay is commonly observed in geographic distributions.

25. Who said "Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts"?( 24.5-4 ) George W. Bush Jon Stewart Waldo Tobler Mark Twain George Harrison

3. Examples of map errors were illustrated in this module using which USGS quadrangle map?( 23.1-3 ) Washington DC North Center, Kentucky Omission, Ohio Mistake Point, California Boo Boo Gulch, Arizona

3. The hamlets of Node and Center are in:( 19.1-2 ) Nevada Hawaii Pennsylvania Kentucky Neverland

3. Why are mazes good places to test spatial ability?( 24.1-3 ) they are usually available around Halloween they have nice green hedges humans always solve them using only one strategy they deliberately remove all environmental clues to location they are cheap to make and use

3. Zero, one, and two data dimensions on a thematic map correspond to:( 17.1-3 ) legends, neat lines and text nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio highways, railroads and survey lines points, lines and area features isolines, hill shading and contours

4. A decision point in a maze is where:( 24.1-5 ) all paths intersect the end/exit point is found a pixel is green a choice must be made with respect to which way to go a yellow line reachess a red pixel

4. The length of a line can be measured on a map with:( 8.2-11 ) a planimeter Gunter's chain stadia rods the TerraGo toolbar cell counting

4. What is the acquisition of information about an object without being in physical contact with it?:( 21.4-2 ) photogrammetry computer assisted cartography visual analytics remote sensing geographic information science

4. Which of these is NOT an error found on maps:( 23.1-4 ) omission commission systematic social faux-pas attribute

5. Bhuvan is the equivalent of Google Street View for which country?: ( 22.1-8 ) Canada China Indonesia India Yemen

5. Stanley Smith Stevens (1906-1973) is best known in cartography for:( 17.2-1 ) The 1400+ page "Handbook of Experimental Psychology" (1951) being the founding organizer of the Psychonomic Society being the founder of Harvard's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory publishing a paper in Science in 1946 on the theory of levels of measurement inventing the dasymetric map

5. Triangulation is:( 16.2.2-2 ) an innovation devised in the 19th century used in interpolation a method for determining area a mapping method all of the above

6. Bias in old maps was often inevitable because:( 23.2-2 ) pens were wider in the old days their tools and methods implied sophistication so much empty space was available on the maps they were paid for by sponsors and patrons all of the above

6. Which statement is false?( 24.1-12 ) Some people have better inherent spatial thinking skills than others Spatial knowledge can be stored and passed on People with less spatial ability can learn from those with more All human spatial knowledge is related to navigation Methods exist for transfer of sailing, flight and web navigation knowledge

7. What is "a map in which the geometry of the map has been transformed by uneven rescaling to show some other variable as being represented by geographic space?"( 20.2-2 ) a glyph an isoline a choropleth a cartogram a bar chart

8. In a fully connected planar graph:( 19.3-6 ) all nodes link directly to other nodes the number of links is less than the number of nodes - 1 links can cross each other the nodes connect with all the adjacent nodes, forming a convex hull the connectivity is less than 0.5

8. Road symbols on maps are usually:( 8.2-2 ) little shields unmarked brown hierarchical by road type diamond-shaped

8. The Des Moines panoramic view in Andreas' Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa 1875 was promoted by the:( 23.2-6 ) Burlington & Missouri RR Co Microsoft Corp QUaker Oats Hawkeye Insurance Company Major League Baseball

8. The software from which Google Earth developed helped to end what war in December 1995:( 22.2-1 ) World War II the First Gulf War the invasion of Iraq Bosnia and Herzegovina Afghan

9. Cold War spy satellites and balloons used aerial cameras to spy on what the denied territory?:( 21.1-5 ) France and Spain Texas Bolivia the Soviet Union and China Antarctica

9. Surface features created underneath moving ice include:( 15.3-10 ) alluvial fans sinkholes dunes drumlins all of the above

18. A contour added usually at half the contour interval to show detail in low relief areas is called :( 13.4-3 ) an index contour an enclosed depression another contour a supplemental contour a bonus contour

d...

22. An advantage of using a virtual model of terrain is:( 13.6-2 ) You can get a better view of the relief You can use hypsometry You can use relief shading It supports stereo viewing It is easier than mapping

d...

17. Using additional data, such as land use, to enhance a choropleth map results in a:( 17.7-3 ) reference map point nominal map land use map prism map dasymetric map

10. Mapping using triangulation uses:( 16.2.2-8 ) multiple stations on the landscape, between which there are clear lines of sight precise measurements of vertical and horizontal angles between stations measurement instruments such as the theodolite, a telescope with vertical and horizontal angle scales inclusion of a base line of known length in the network of resulting triangles all of the above

10. Maps have been used in the US to promote what?:( 23.2-8 ) settlement farming transportation business all of the above

11. A sky survey map is:( 20.3-6 ) available from the Sloan Sky Survey shows the sky as visible from earth includes all the known and observed stars, planets, galaxies, etc is visible in Google Earth all of the above

11. A surveying procedure in which heights at one position are used to determine heights at another by creating a line of sight along the level plane is called:( 16.2.2-11 ) centuriation gerrymandering sighting triangulation leveling

11. Maps are used to claim territory due to what factors?: ( 23.3-2 ) history discovery ethnicity occupation all of these

11. Photo interpretation elements used in the detection, identification, labeling and measurment of map features include:( 21.1-8 ) color contrast texture shadow all of the above

11. To activate a layer, such as 3D buildings in Google Earth, look for the button in the: ( 22.3-5 ) search window Pacific Ocean upper right of the display lower right of the display lower left of the display

11. What is true of the Madrid loop?( 8.2-10 ) It is in Kentucky, but is surrounded by Missouri It was close to the center of a massiv earthquake in 1812 It is on the Mississippi River It is where the course of the river was changed by the 1812 earthquake All of the above

11. Which of these are environmental clues in maps and images? ( 24.2-6 ) Shadow Illumination Time of day and year Patterns of vegetation All of the above

12. What was true about the USGS images of Lavender Canyon, near Cedar Breaks National Monument, Utah?( 24.2-7 ) It was actually a picture of the Grand Canyon It actually showed mountains in Kashmir It was colorized from the black and white original It was taken just after sunrise It was probably taken not from Lavender Canyon, but from an overlook on Route 148

13. What is Madurodam, near the Hague, Netherlands at 52.099438N, 4.313779E? ( 22.4-4 ) a place where Google Earth shows a parking lot on the side of a building the place where the Internet was invented Google's worldwide headquarters the Dutch cartographic institute a model of a Dutch town on a 1:25 scale

13. What is the advantage of having a map on paper? ( 20.4-3 ) it works without power it works in all weather conditions and even when folded or ripped it can hold color and line work for centuries at low cost it is easy to use and interpret all of the above

13. What three countries are in dispute over Jammu and Kashmir?( 23.3-3 ) Iraq, Afghanistan and the United States China, Taiwan and the Philippines Pakistan, India and Bangladesh Kazakstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan India, Pakistan and China

13. Which of these is an example of a spatial search strategy?( 24.2-9 ) Start at the most likely places, e.g. place where last seen Use systematic search, e.g. by grid or quadrat Do a sweep search, e.g. volunteers arms length apart through brush Wander at random through the search area All of the above

14. Two early computer mapping programs were:( 21.2-4 ) AutoCAD and MS-Word MicroMap and MapWindow GIS and DEM GoogleMap and BaiduMap MicroCAM and MicroDEM

14. Uses for paper maps include:( 20.4-4 ) navigation route planning education recreation all of these and more

14. Which characterizes Google Street View?:( 22.5-2 ) Street view images are collected by driving specially equipped cars (bikes, etc) around using GPS for position and with multiple cameras Images are seamed together so that the Google Street View application can simulate a view, and allow navigation Street view uses the little man icon on the navigation toolbar Web sites, geotagged photos, web cams also can be shown All of the above

15. A choropleth map, which uses shading in zones is what kind of map?:( 17.6-4 ) dasymetric area nominal area ordinal area interval area ratio

15. The number of nodes, number of links, total length of links and number of circuits in a network can be used to compute:( 19.3-13 ) the alpha index the beta index the gamma index the eta index all of these

15. Which of the following is true of photogrammetry for mapping?( 16.3-5 ) A geometric model of the camera, its lenses and its field of view are necessary. The height above ground of the aircraft carrying the camera must be known. Photographs taken at nadir are desirable. It is almost as old as photography. all of the above

16. A network without cycles is called a(n):( 19.4-2 ) planar graph dykstra unconnected graph symmetric graph tree

16. What is true of discrete geographical data:( 17.7-2 ) it is based on features, e.g. a county value is assumed even within the feature it is suited to choropleth mapping it often uses the unit of data collection or aggegation, such as a state All of the above

16. Which type of area feature is clearly defined and can be mapped unambiguously:( 8.3-2 ) a marsh the Mid-West an oil field a sand bar a Section within a Township

16. Within a city, which of the following would you expect to exhibit a clustered pattern?( 18.3-5 ) schools police stations fire houses downtown business district all of the above

17. A graphic consisting of adjacent rectangles, sized and colored according to some value is called a:( 21.3-6 ) word cloud tag map box plot network graph tree map

17. A stream near its [blank] is a level 1 stream; most rivers have orders [blank] or below.( 15.5-2 ) mid-course...3 outlet...12 outlet...6 source...6 source...12

17. Which of the following was NOT a topic of this class?( 24.0-1 ) spatial reasoning spatial knowledge spatial thinking spatial literacy all of these were topics of the class

18. A geological map shows:( 20.6-3 ) point symbols such as strike/dip markers line symbols such as fault lines area symbols such as surface outcrops greyed out base topographic information all of the above

18. What is true of maps in wartime?:( 23.5-2 ) they are major instruments of warfighting they are media for propaganda they can both inform and spread misinformation they can create fear and anxiety all of these and more

18. Which method can be used for measuring area:( 8.3-1 ) cell counting cell intersection counting planimeter coordinates and a formula all of the above

18. Which of the following is true of quadrat analysis?( 18.4-0 ) It is sensitive to the size and orientation of the quadrats. It is a simple method of investigating and measuring distributions. It uses point counts within a grid, or pattern of cells. It compares expected with observed counts within quadrats. all of the above

19. Geobrowsing is best learned by: ( 22.6-4 ) reading the manual taking a special class purchasing a textbook running World Wind doing it yourself

2. A Warntz Network is:( 15.2-2 ) constructed using soil maps a transportation network of rail lines a social network of geomorphologists who study a particular landform a subterranean network of fault lines a surface network connnecting significant landform elements

2. Cartometry deals with:( 8.1-3 ) broken compasses magnetic declination townships and ranges measuring features on the ground measuring features on maps

2. On maps showing networks:( 19.1-4 ) places or point features are represented as nodes roads, rivers or some other line features are shown as links the nodes are often moved to make interpretation easier the links lengths can be changed to make the map less cluttered all of the above

20. A Hydrological unit code is:( 19.4-9 ) an index to a stream used in the National Hydrographic Database for Mad River, HUC 12-041402020201 a hierarchical stream label all of the above

20. What is true of continuous geographical data:( 17.7-5 ) it can be measured anywhere in geographic space it forms a field it forms a surface it can be mapped by any of the terrain mapping methods, such as isolines all of the above

20. Which are important properties of remotely sensed data?( 21.4-7 ) spectral resolution spatial resolution swath width encoding depth all of these

21. Google Earth can be installed by visiting:( 22.3-6 ) your local map library Washington DC www.nga.mil earth.microsoft.com earth.google.com

21. Since 2003 what problem has left parallel diagonal lines along the edges of Landsat image swaths?( 21.4-8 ) errors made when the camera lens was manufactured the increased curvature of the earth a collision with space junk interference from the increasing number of cell phones the satellite's scan line corrector failure

21. Street images are available on the web through:( 24.4-2 ) Flickr Panoramio Google Streetview Google Maps all of the above

22. Information about using Google Earth can be found in:( 22.3-6 ) newsletters Google Lat Long blog Google Earth hacks video tutorials all of the above

22. Tectonic forces include:( 15.6-2 ) earthquakes volcanoes extrusions orogenies all of the above

22. The best way to get the area of the 50 United States is to:( 8.3-1 ) Call 1-800-ASK-MAPS On a conformal projection, add the areas of the 50 states computed by formula Trace the outline of the coast from the USA Topo maps Use cell counting Consult the CIA world fact book

22. Which involves using a network solution, such as a heuristic:( 19.5-2 ) navigating from node A to node B finding the shortest route finding the fastest route finding the path with the fewest links all of the above

23. A typical GIs workflow includes:( 21.5-4 ) locate input data display and reproject the map conduct a point-in-poygon analysis, add the count to the data table select the result and create a map display all of these

23. What kinds of maps are "invisible"?:( 20.8-2 ) images of parts of the electromagnetic spectrum invisible to humans thematic maps of complex social or economic variables virtual travel tactile maps all of these

23. Which of the following is true of the Deccan traps?( 15.6-11 ) They were formed by a single flow of tectonic material across the landscape. They are found in India. In ancient times, temples were carved out of them. They are primarily comprised of basalt. all of the above

23. Which of the following statements about RADAR is false?( 16.5-2 ) It is an active remote sensing technique, using signals that bounce off the ground and are then sensed back at the instrument. It passes through clouds, smoke, and vegetation. It can be used day or night. Polarized RADAR signals can be used. It can be used to map underwater features.

24. Acquiring spatial knowledge requires:( 24.5-3 ) integrating knowledge and being inquisitive about the world around you using the power of geobrowsers and the web being informed by other disciplines using maps whenever you can all of the above

24. School maps in North Korea don't have:( 23.5-11 ) graticules internal regions shown the map scale labeled the projection correctly labeled South Korea

24. Studying which of the following can help you read a landscape?( 15.7-3 ) the presence of man-made features the height of a river the orientation of roads and railroads the composition and seasonal stage of vegetation all of the above

25. LiDAR can be used to map( 16.6-1 ) vegetation buildings coastlines vertical cliff faces all of the above

25. What networks are NOT shown on USGS topographic maps?:( 19.1-2 ) streams roads property boundaries power lines social networks

3. A portable device used in surveying that can hold paper horizontal and be repositioned to align with lines of sight is a:( 16.2-2 ) level stadia rod sextant alidade plane table

3. Geobrowsers share which common elements?:( 22.1-5 ) Navigate (zoom, pan) Search by place name Search by coordinate Select and display all of these and more

4. A telescopic alidade can be used:( 16.2-1 ) to measure vertical angles to spot views to different locations with a plane table in triangulation all of the above

5. Which of the following is true about landscapes? ( 15.1-0 ) Maps show evidence of them. They can be shaped by wind, water, and gravity. They are sets of characteristic landforms assembled together in geographic space. Interpreting them involves an understanding of land forms and processes. All of the above

6. The measured length of a line is impacted by:( 8.2-1 ) how well the end points are located how many points are used to represent the line how straight or wiggly the line is the scale of the map all of the above

6. What is an interdisciplinary field on the use and theory of GIS, that examines how the methods can be better applied and improved?:( 21.5-2 ) photogrammetry computer assisted cartography visual analytics remote sensing geographic information science

6. What is true of multi-themed maps?:( 20.1-10 ) As time sequences become long or as more variables are shown, pattern is harder to see It is better to show only change, and leave unchanged areas blank It is better to use maps placed together than to combine themes Animation is the most effective way to show change and relationship among variables. all of the above

6. Which of these measures distance within a network?:( 19.1-8 ) the number of nodes encountered the sum of the lengths of all the links traversed the number of links traveled the diameter all of these

7. Examples of landscape properties include:( 15.2-4 ) stream density number of peaks length of ridgelines number of enclosed depressions all of the above

7. Metrics of compactness include:( 18.2-7 ) the area-perimeter ratio the Miller shape index the Schumm elongation measure the Lee Salee index all of the above

7. The ultimate spatial literacy question is:( 24.1-13 ) Who was John Harrison? What is at the top of the mountain? How do you state latitude and longitude? Where is Paris? Where am I?

8. Distinct landforms recognizable on the landscape are called:( 15.3-2 ) Warntz Networks metes and bounds terrain skeletons latitude and longitude surface features

8. Three types of cartograms are:( 20.2-5 ) point, line and area nominal, ordinal and interval connected, disconnected and partially connected ambiguous, contiguous and systematic Dorling, contiguous, non-contiguous

8. What is defined as: "A graduated line that indicates the length of miles or kilometers as they appear on a map; the line has the advantage of remaining true after the map is enlarged or reduced in reproduction. Also known as bar scale."( 3.4-2 ) A color chart A map projection A legend A graticule A graphic scale

9. In a non-symmetric planar graph:( 19.2-6 ) one or more of the links can only be traveled in one direction the diameter depends on the start point the graph is constrained to a 2D plane no links can cross all of the above

9. The motto for the 1942 Montana State Highway Commission map was:( 23.2-7 ) conserve gasoline for the war effort loose lips sink ships a chicken in every pot planes and tanks in the sky travel strengthens America

9. Where is Zzyzx?:( 17.3-3 ) Croatia Turkmenistan Iran India California

9. Why is a graphic scale often graded differently to the left and right of the central zero point?( 3.3.3-1 ) Cartographers sometimes make mistakes So that English and metric units can both be used So that left and right handed people can use the map So that large distances can be marked off first using the paper strip trick, and the remainder measured in more detail on the left. The scale is usually printed in China.

11. Tanaka shading:( 13.3-8 ) has been called the inclined contour method works on both topography and bathymetry was devised by Japanese cartographer Kitiro Tanaka in the 1920s uses white to grey, but only along contour lines all of the above

e...

14. The generic term for lines joining points of equal values, of which a contour is a specific example is:( 13.4-2 ) isobar isoglyph isogone isobath isoline

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15. Contour lines on topographic maps are usually show in:( 13.4-2 ) red black white grey brown

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16. What are some of the conventions associated with contours?:( 13.4-3 ) the contour interval is a round number only reference contours are labeled enclosed depressions have contours with hatch lines pointing downslope when contour lines are too close together, a carrying contour is used all of the above

e...

17. The contour interval is 10m, and the index contour is 100m. What contour is the second one crossed going uphill after leaving the index contour?:( 13.4-6 ) 80m 90m 100m 110m 120m

e...

19. Generally speaking, the more contours on a map with a given contour interval:( 13.4-10 ) the more the azimuth the less the slope the more the slope the higher the elevation the lower the elevation

e...

20. Areas that have to be build up in height to carry a railroad or road are called:( 13.4-9 ) landslides cut emigrants gaps fill

e...

4. Jed Hotchkiss's sketch map of the Civil War battlefield at Cedar Creek in 1864 showed Three Top Mountain using:( 13.1-8 ) contours wiggly worms straight lines hill shading hachures

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