Geologic Time- Time Scale, Geologic Time Scale
Another name for Cenozoic era
"Age of the mammals"
Mesozoic Era
"Middle life": AKA: The Age of the Reptiles
Paleozoic Era
"Old life"; Most life was found in the Ocean amazing diversity
Cenozoic Era
- 66 ma - Alps and Himalayas - basin and Range region as a result of tectonic extension - Age of Mammals - birds diversify - forests reappear - first grasses
Cretaceous Period (Mesozoic Era)
-"age of dinosaurs" - ends with extinction of the dinosaurs - Cordillera and Rocky Mountains form -sea turtles
Quaternary Period
1.8 mya to present pleistocene and holocene epochs ice ages and human evolution
Holocene Epoch
11,700 years ago to the present time
How many new Cretaceous species are discovered each year?
50
How did the cretaceous person end?
66 ma with a mass extinction
Percentages of the extinction after the cretaceous period?
90% of plankton 75% of plant species all dinos but birds
Jurassic Period
A "dinosaur renaissance" (Diplodocus, allosaurus) Feathered dinos insects preserved in amber
Angiosperms
A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
Anthropocene epoch
A new epoch, not formally accepted by geologists, that marks the end of the Holocene epoch at about the time of the Industrial Revolution, 200 years ago.
Geologic Time Scale
A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth's history.
What is killed in the cretaceous extinction?
Ammonoids lots of gymnosperms all dinos but birds
Dr. Lamanna led field expeditions to what four continents
Australia, Antartica, South America Africa
UV protections prevents drying size/muscle support predator protection
Benefits of having an exoskeleton
Cambrian period
Cambrian explosion creatures with eyes trilobites
Order of Periods in Paleozoic Era (oldest to youngest)
Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous (Mississippi and Pennsylvanian), Permian
MI and PA periods
Carboniferous period is broken into the _________
causes of mass extinctions
Climate change plate movement water chemistry changes sea level changes volcanic eruptions meteorite strikes disease predation and competition
Ammonoids
Coiled squid-like thing with a shell Went extinct
What mountains were formed during the Mesozoic Era? How?
Convergent boundary activity. The Nazca plate collides with the South American Plate. Andes Mountains
Some animals found in La Brea tar pits
Dire wolf, mastodon, saber tooth tiger, Yesterday's camel
Changes in the fossils preserved; generally mark mass extinctions or the formation of new types of organism
Divisions in the Geologic Time Chart
mammalian explosion
During the Cenozoic age:Giant mammals, apelike primates (20 Ma) and human like primates (4 Ma)
Proterozoic Eon
During this eon, the first multi-cellular organism emerged.
Archaen Eon
During this eon, the first organism (unicellular) emerged.
Hadaen Eon
During this eon, the oldest rocks and our moon formed
Order of eras in the Archean eon
Eoarchan, Paleoarchan, Mesoarchean, Neoarchean
Mass extinction
Event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time. They divide the Geologic Eras
Sevier and Laramide orogenies
Forms from the subduction along the west coast of North America
Ordovician Extinction
Global climate cooling led to a mass glaciation event. Evidence supported by glacial deposits from Ordovician period from Sahara Desert. Spiders, crustaceans and scorpions. Jawed fish and sharks recorded
Dinosaurs are not well known in this southern supercontinent
Gondwana
Order of Eons (oldest to youngest)
Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic
3 eras in Precambrian era (oldest to youngest)
Haden, Archean, Proterozoic
James Ross Basin
In Antartica has fossils 90-66 Ma of Cretaceous
Famous Pleistocene Epoch evidence is found where?
La Brea Tar pits in LA from 50,000-11,000 years ago
Triassic Period
Land vertebrates become abundant Ginkos, conifer, cycads, and redwoods on land Permineralization
Diplodocus
Lived in the late Jurassic; name means "Double Beam Lizard"
Silurian and Devonian periods
PA is under water Devonian Marcellus shale
3 eras in in Phanerozoic (oldest to youngest)
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
largest extinction
Permian
Names at least 4 of the Cretaceous Antarctic vertebrates
Sharks, Bony fishes, Plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, Birds
Animals in North America during the Cretaceous
T. rex, Ankylosaurus, Triceratops, birds, small mamals
Order of periods in the Phanerozoic Era
Tertiary, Quaternary
The end of the Mesozoic era
The age of a very large mass extinction occurred. *75% of the Earth's species go extinct *The cause of the extinction is from an asteroid strike that led to Climate Change.
The end of the Paleozoic Era
The age of the largest mass extinction: *95% of all life on Earth goes extinct *Cause of the extinction is Climate Change
the Cenozoic Era
The era we live in is....?
Permian Period
The last period of the Paleozoic era Pangaea assembles Permian/Paleozoic mass extinction
Cordilleran Chain
The longest mountain chain on earth
Cambrian Explosion
The name for the large number of preserved fossils found immediately after the Precambrian.
Jurassic
The time period when: *the dinosaur fossils are larger *the first fossilized bird is found (archaeopteryx)
Phanerozoic Eon
This is the eon we live in. It has 3 eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
In what era did Pangaea break up?
This supercontinent broke up during the mesozoic era
Order of periods in the Mesozoic (oldest to youngest)
Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
molds , casts, and carbonized impressions
Types of fossils preserved from the Carboniferous period.
mass extinction
What happens after the biodiversity and barren land in Paleozoic era?
Cyanobacteria
What is the oldest known fossil? (A type of blue-green algae)
Eons, Eras, Periods, Epochs
What is the order of time divisions from large to small?
Precambrian
Which "chunk" of time lasted the longest? Also, encompasses the Hadean, Archaen and Proterozoic Eons.
mollusks, brachiopods, nautiloids
Why is such high increase in biodiversity seen during the Cambrian explosion?
periods
a division of geologic time that contains two or more epochs; the third largest "chunk" of time.
era
a major division of geologic time that contains two or more periods
Lopez de Bertodano
a rock formation
Devonian
animals such as the tiktaalik move to land vascular lang plants evolve and spread to land Insects amphibians and tetrapods appear
Dinosaur descendants
birds, crocodilians
how often are there large extraterrestrial objects?
every 100,000 years
Modern birds did not evolve until the Paleogene
false
Many theropods were
feathered
Carboniferous Period
first conifers, swamps and reptiles that lay their eggs on land
Ordovician Period
first vertebrates land-dwelling organisms appeared barren land
gynosperms
flowerless plants that use naked seeds to reproduce
Two species of humans
homo erectus Homo sapiens
Evidence for meteorite impact
iridium, right size and shape, radiometric dating, and geochemistry of an impact in the Yucatan Peninsula,
Placoderms
jawed fish from the Silurian period with absent teeth; outside shell of its head and neck were made of bone while the remainder of its body was cartilage
During the late Cretaceous period land animals may have been able to cross between continents using these
land bridges
Two mammalian groups that become the dominant land animals
marsupials and placentals
Precambrian Era
name for the time in earths early history that accounts for ninety percent of earth's time, but only cellular organisms lived. (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic)
trilobite
organism with a three-lobed exoskeleton that was abundant in Paleozoic oceans and is considered to be an index fossil
Name two types of fossils in the 2011 expedition
plants (forests), fossil seed, bony fish, non avian dinosaurs, teeth, toe bones
Holocene
proliferation of humans = major environmental impacts
What killed the dinos in the impact?
shock waves, seismic waves, heat pulse, ash, seiche waves, hot glass (tektites), huge tsunami (from gulf of Mexico and Atlantic and hits the Pacific), fires ----> acid rain, dust in the stratosphere = global cooling stops photosynthesis
What survives Cretaceous extinction?
some mammals and birds
extinction
the end of a species
geologic time
the interval of time since the formation of Earth
eon
the longest division of geologic time; there have been 4 total
Rocky Mountains
the major mountain range in western North America
epoch
the shortest division of geologic history that contains a notable event
competition
the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
In 2016 Dr. Lamana and. his team found a new species of what dinosaurs
theropod
Do Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates include avians similar to loons and ducks?
true
Climate of North America after the Cretaceous period
warm abundant plant and animal life