Geologic Time- Time Scale, Geologic Time Scale

Another name for Cenozoic era

"Age of the mammals"

Mesozoic Era

"Middle life": AKA: The Age of the Reptiles

Paleozoic Era

"Old life"; Most life was found in the Ocean amazing diversity

Cenozoic Era

- 66 ma - Alps and Himalayas - basin and Range region as a result of tectonic extension - Age of Mammals - birds diversify - forests reappear - first grasses

Cretaceous Period (Mesozoic Era)

-"age of dinosaurs" - ends with extinction of the dinosaurs - Cordillera and Rocky Mountains form -sea turtles

Quaternary Period

1.8 mya to present pleistocene and holocene epochs ice ages and human evolution

Holocene Epoch

11,700 years ago to the present time

How many new Cretaceous species are discovered each year?

50

How did the cretaceous person end?

66 ma with a mass extinction

Percentages of the extinction after the cretaceous period?

90% of plankton 75% of plant species all dinos but birds

Jurassic Period

A "dinosaur renaissance" (Diplodocus, allosaurus) Feathered dinos insects preserved in amber

Angiosperms

A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

Anthropocene epoch

A new epoch, not formally accepted by geologists, that marks the end of the Holocene epoch at about the time of the Industrial Revolution, 200 years ago.

Geologic Time Scale

A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth's history.

What is killed in the cretaceous extinction?

Ammonoids lots of gymnosperms all dinos but birds

Dr. Lamanna led field expeditions to what four continents

Australia, Antartica, South America Africa

UV protections prevents drying size/muscle support predator protection

Benefits of having an exoskeleton

Cambrian period

Cambrian explosion creatures with eyes trilobites

Order of Periods in Paleozoic Era (oldest to youngest)

Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous (Mississippi and Pennsylvanian), Permian

MI and PA periods

Carboniferous period is broken into the _________

causes of mass extinctions

Climate change plate movement water chemistry changes sea level changes volcanic eruptions meteorite strikes disease predation and competition

Ammonoids

Coiled squid-like thing with a shell Went extinct

What mountains were formed during the Mesozoic Era? How?

Convergent boundary activity. The Nazca plate collides with the South American Plate. Andes Mountains

Some animals found in La Brea tar pits

Dire wolf, mastodon, saber tooth tiger, Yesterday's camel

Changes in the fossils preserved; generally mark mass extinctions or the formation of new types of organism

Divisions in the Geologic Time Chart

mammalian explosion

During the Cenozoic age:Giant mammals, apelike primates (20 Ma) and human like primates (4 Ma)

Proterozoic Eon

During this eon, the first multi-cellular organism emerged.

Archaen Eon

During this eon, the first organism (unicellular) emerged.

Hadaen Eon

During this eon, the oldest rocks and our moon formed

Order of eras in the Archean eon

Eoarchan, Paleoarchan, Mesoarchean, Neoarchean

Mass extinction

Event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time. They divide the Geologic Eras

Sevier and Laramide orogenies

Forms from the subduction along the west coast of North America

Ordovician Extinction

Global climate cooling led to a mass glaciation event. Evidence supported by glacial deposits from Ordovician period from Sahara Desert. Spiders, crustaceans and scorpions. Jawed fish and sharks recorded

Dinosaurs are not well known in this southern supercontinent

Gondwana

Order of Eons (oldest to youngest)

Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic

3 eras in Precambrian era (oldest to youngest)

Haden, Archean, Proterozoic

James Ross Basin

In Antartica has fossils 90-66 Ma of Cretaceous

Famous Pleistocene Epoch evidence is found where?

La Brea Tar pits in LA from 50,000-11,000 years ago

Triassic Period

Land vertebrates become abundant Ginkos, conifer, cycads, and redwoods on land Permineralization

Diplodocus

Lived in the late Jurassic; name means "Double Beam Lizard"

Silurian and Devonian periods

PA is under water Devonian Marcellus shale

3 eras in in Phanerozoic (oldest to youngest)

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

largest extinction

Permian

Names at least 4 of the Cretaceous Antarctic vertebrates

Sharks, Bony fishes, Plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, Birds

Animals in North America during the Cretaceous

T. rex, Ankylosaurus, Triceratops, birds, small mamals

Order of periods in the Phanerozoic Era

Tertiary, Quaternary

The end of the Mesozoic era

The age of a very large mass extinction occurred. *75% of the Earth's species go extinct *The cause of the extinction is from an asteroid strike that led to Climate Change.

The end of the Paleozoic Era

The age of the largest mass extinction: *95% of all life on Earth goes extinct *Cause of the extinction is Climate Change

the Cenozoic Era

The era we live in is....?

Permian Period

The last period of the Paleozoic era Pangaea assembles Permian/Paleozoic mass extinction

Cordilleran Chain

The longest mountain chain on earth

Cambrian Explosion

The name for the large number of preserved fossils found immediately after the Precambrian.

Jurassic

The time period when: *the dinosaur fossils are larger *the first fossilized bird is found (archaeopteryx)

Phanerozoic Eon

This is the eon we live in. It has 3 eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

In what era did Pangaea break up?

This supercontinent broke up during the mesozoic era

Order of periods in the Mesozoic (oldest to youngest)

Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous

molds , casts, and carbonized impressions

Types of fossils preserved from the Carboniferous period.

mass extinction

What happens after the biodiversity and barren land in Paleozoic era?

Cyanobacteria

What is the oldest known fossil? (A type of blue-green algae)

Eons, Eras, Periods, Epochs

What is the order of time divisions from large to small?

Precambrian

Which "chunk" of time lasted the longest? Also, encompasses the Hadean, Archaen and Proterozoic Eons.

mollusks, brachiopods, nautiloids

Why is such high increase in biodiversity seen during the Cambrian explosion?

periods

a division of geologic time that contains two or more epochs; the third largest "chunk" of time.

era

a major division of geologic time that contains two or more periods

Lopez de Bertodano

a rock formation

Devonian

animals such as the tiktaalik move to land vascular lang plants evolve and spread to land Insects amphibians and tetrapods appear

Dinosaur descendants

birds, crocodilians

how often are there large extraterrestrial objects?

every 100,000 years

Modern birds did not evolve until the Paleogene

false

Many theropods were

feathered

Carboniferous Period

first conifers, swamps and reptiles that lay their eggs on land

Ordovician Period

first vertebrates land-dwelling organisms appeared barren land

gynosperms

flowerless plants that use naked seeds to reproduce

Two species of humans

homo erectus Homo sapiens

Evidence for meteorite impact

iridium, right size and shape, radiometric dating, and geochemistry of an impact in the Yucatan Peninsula,

Placoderms

jawed fish from the Silurian period with absent teeth; outside shell of its head and neck were made of bone while the remainder of its body was cartilage

During the late Cretaceous period land animals may have been able to cross between continents using these

land bridges

Two mammalian groups that become the dominant land animals

marsupials and placentals

Precambrian Era

name for the time in earths early history that accounts for ninety percent of earth's time, but only cellular organisms lived. (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic)

trilobite

organism with a three-lobed exoskeleton that was abundant in Paleozoic oceans and is considered to be an index fossil

Name two types of fossils in the 2011 expedition

plants (forests), fossil seed, bony fish, non avian dinosaurs, teeth, toe bones

Holocene

proliferation of humans = major environmental impacts

What killed the dinos in the impact?

shock waves, seismic waves, heat pulse, ash, seiche waves, hot glass (tektites), huge tsunami (from gulf of Mexico and Atlantic and hits the Pacific), fires ----> acid rain, dust in the stratosphere = global cooling stops photosynthesis

What survives Cretaceous extinction?

some mammals and birds

extinction

the end of a species

geologic time

the interval of time since the formation of Earth

eon

the longest division of geologic time; there have been 4 total

Rocky Mountains

the major mountain range in western North America

epoch

the shortest division of geologic history that contains a notable event

competition

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

In 2016 Dr. Lamana and. his team found a new species of what dinosaurs

theropod

Do Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates include avians similar to loons and ducks?

true

Climate of North America after the Cretaceous period

warm abundant plant and animal life