Geology Test Ch. 5-7
Determine which will increase or decrease viscosity -high temperature -felsic composition -many mineral crystals
-Decrease -Increase -Increase
Put the lists of class from smallest to largest
1. Clay 2.Silt 3.Sand 4.Pebble 5.Cobble
Put the following minerals in the correct order (number 1 through 5) that they will crystallize from a magma first to last
1. olivine 2. pyroxene 3. amphibole 4.Biotite 5.Quartz
Basaltic lava flows with sharp, spiny surfaces and jagged blocks are called ____________lavas.
AA lava flow
Which of the following rocks is most likely associated with a composite volcano?
Andesite
_____________________ is the precipitation of a binding material around grains in sedimentary rocks.
Cementation
_______________sedimentary rocks are composed primarily of solid weathered clasts of preexisting rocks.
Clastic
(igneous rock with right texture) Granite
Coarse grained (phaneritic)
____________________ is the process by which soil and sediment lose pore space in response to the weight of the overlying material.
Compaction
Volcanoes composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic material, mudflows and cooled andesitic/rhyolitic lava flows are called __________________________ volcanoes.
Composite
_________________________ volcanoes tend to form along ocean-continent convergent plate boundaries.
Composite
A steep-walled circular depression located at the top of a volcano is called a(n) _________________.
Crater
When lava solidifies (at or on the surface of the land), the rocks are classified as ___________ igneous rocks
Extrusive
Huge volumes of basaltic magma may erupt from long vents producing extensive accumulations of basalt. These accumulations of basaltic lava flows are called _________________
Flood basalts
Igneous rocks that form when magma solidifies deep beneath the surface of the land are called ____________ igneous rocks.
Intrusive
___________________sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of substances precipitated from inorganic or organic processes.
Nonclastic/chemical
An igneous rock with very coarse-grained texture in which the minerals are centimeters long is called a ___________________ .
Pegmatite
An igneous rock composed of two distinctly different sizes of mineral crystals with a fine-grained matrix around larger crystals is said to have a(n) _______________texture.
Porphyritic
Which of the following rock types involves dissolved gas in the magma?
Pumice
Small cone-shaped volcanoes made entirely of scoria are called _____________________ cones.
Scoria
Very broad, gently sloping volcanoes built from successive basaltic lava flows are called _______volcanoes. Eruptions from these types of volcanoes tend to have a ________ viscosity .
Shield Low
The islands of Hawaii are examples of which type of volcano structure?
Shield volcano
Which of the following situations would result in angular clasts?
Steep slopes in a mountain
The ______________ of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow
Viscosity
______________ is a measure of a material's resistance to flow.
Viscosity
Which of the following is NOT associated with a composite volcano?
basaltic lava
Volcanism along divergent plate boundaries usually produce lavas with a ________________ composition.
basaltic/low silia
A very large pluton that covers more than 100 km2 is called a _________________.
batholith
A ___________________ forms when the roof of a magma chamber collapses to form a depression tens of km across.
caldera
What kind of volcanic structure is associated with Yellowstone?
caldera
Hydrolysis is a type of ___________ weathering.
chemical
____________ beds can form when wind or water transport sand and silt. These type of beds preserve the direction of wind or water flow.
cross
when water freezes it
expands
Geologists can always accurately predict volcanic eruptions. (T/F)
false
(Igneous rock with correct Composition) rhyolite
felsic
(Igneous rock to correct texture andesite
fine grained (aphanitic)
The gradual increase in temperature with depth in the Earth is known as the ______________ _____________.
geothermal gradient
(Igneous rock with right texture) obsidian
glassy
When the particles in a sedimentary layer gradually change from coarser on the bottom to finer sizes at the top, this is called __________ ____________.
graded bedding
An example of a coarse-grained igneous rock composed mostly of feldspar and quartz is called __________________.
granite
Volcanic domes are generally composed of ____________ viscosity lava.
high
Magmas that have a high silica and high gas content will have a
high viscosity
(igneous rock with correct composition) Diorite
intermediate
Volcanic mudflows associated with the mixing of volcanic ash, debris and water are called ____________________.
lahars
The general term for a nonclastic sedimentary rock that is composed of the mineral calcite is _____________.
limestone
(igneous rock with correct composition) basalt
mafic
Basaltic lava flows with smooth surfaces, resembling braids of rope, are called ____________ flows.
pahoehoe
When melting forms magma
partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source
Frost wedging is a type of ___________weathering.
physical/mechanical
Volcanic ash, hot gas, and rock fragments that flow rapidly downhill, associated with a volcanic eruption are called ____________________.
pyroclastic flows
Igneous rocks composed of rock fragments of pumice and hot volcanic ash are said to have a(n) _______________________ texture.
pyroclastic/welded
An example of a fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of feldspar and quartz is called is called ___________________.
rhyolite
_______________is a very fine grained, clastic rock that breaks into thin pieces because the minerals are lined up in the rock.
shale
What is the main difference between conglomerate and breccia?
the shape of the clasts
(Igneous rock with correct composition) peridotite
ultramafic
(Igneous rock to the correct texture) Scoria
vesicular
Which of the following environments would you expect to form a sandstone?
within a river channel
