Geology Test Ch. 5-7

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Determine which will increase or decrease viscosity -high temperature -felsic composition -many mineral crystals

-Decrease -Increase -Increase

Put the lists of class from smallest to largest

1. Clay 2.Silt 3.Sand 4.Pebble 5.Cobble

Put the following minerals in the correct order (number 1 through 5) that they will crystallize from a magma first to last

1. olivine 2. pyroxene 3. amphibole 4.Biotite 5.Quartz

Basaltic lava flows with sharp, spiny surfaces and jagged blocks are called ____________lavas.

AA lava flow

Which of the following rocks is most likely associated with a composite volcano?

Andesite

_____________________ is the precipitation of a binding material around grains in sedimentary rocks.

Cementation

_______________sedimentary rocks are composed primarily of solid weathered clasts of preexisting rocks.

Clastic

(igneous rock with right texture) Granite

Coarse grained (phaneritic)

____________________ is the process by which soil and sediment lose pore space in response to the weight of the overlying material.

Compaction

Volcanoes composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic material, mudflows and cooled andesitic/rhyolitic lava flows are called __________________________ volcanoes.

Composite

_________________________ volcanoes tend to form along ocean-continent convergent plate boundaries.

Composite

A steep-walled circular depression located at the top of a volcano is called a(n) _________________.

Crater

When lava solidifies (at or on the surface of the land), the rocks are classified as ___________ igneous rocks

Extrusive

Huge volumes of basaltic magma may erupt from long vents producing extensive accumulations of basalt. These accumulations of basaltic lava flows are called _________________

Flood basalts

Igneous rocks that form when magma solidifies deep beneath the surface of the land are called ____________ igneous rocks.

Intrusive

___________________sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of substances precipitated from inorganic or organic processes.

Nonclastic/chemical

An igneous rock with very coarse-grained texture in which the minerals are centimeters long is called a ___________________ .

Pegmatite

An igneous rock composed of two distinctly different sizes of mineral crystals with a fine-grained matrix around larger crystals is said to have a(n) _______________texture.

Porphyritic

Which of the following rock types involves dissolved gas in the magma?

Pumice

Small cone-shaped volcanoes made entirely of scoria are called _____________________ cones.

Scoria

Very broad, gently sloping volcanoes built from successive basaltic lava flows are called _______volcanoes. Eruptions from these types of volcanoes tend to have a ________ viscosity .

Shield Low

The islands of Hawaii are examples of which type of volcano structure?

Shield volcano

Which of the following situations would result in angular clasts?

Steep slopes in a mountain

The ______________ of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow

Viscosity

______________ is a measure of a material's resistance to flow.

Viscosity

Which of the following is NOT associated with a composite volcano?

basaltic lava

Volcanism along divergent plate boundaries usually produce lavas with a ________________ composition.

basaltic/low silia

A very large pluton that covers more than 100 km2 is called a _________________.

batholith

A ___________________ forms when the roof of a magma chamber collapses to form a depression tens of km across.

caldera

What kind of volcanic structure is associated with Yellowstone?

caldera

Hydrolysis is a type of ___________ weathering.

chemical

____________ beds can form when wind or water transport sand and silt. These type of beds preserve the direction of wind or water flow.

cross

when water freezes it

expands

Geologists can always accurately predict volcanic eruptions. (T/F)

false

(Igneous rock with correct Composition) rhyolite

felsic

(Igneous rock to correct texture andesite

fine grained (aphanitic)

The gradual increase in temperature with depth in the Earth is known as the ______________ _____________.

geothermal gradient

(Igneous rock with right texture) obsidian

glassy

When the particles in a sedimentary layer gradually change from coarser on the bottom to finer sizes at the top, this is called __________ ____________.

graded bedding

An example of a coarse-grained igneous rock composed mostly of feldspar and quartz is called __________________.

granite

Volcanic domes are generally composed of ____________ viscosity lava.

high

Magmas that have a high silica and high gas content will have a

high viscosity

(igneous rock with correct composition) Diorite

intermediate

Volcanic mudflows associated with the mixing of volcanic ash, debris and water are called ____________________.

lahars

The general term for a nonclastic sedimentary rock that is composed of the mineral calcite is _____________.

limestone

(igneous rock with correct composition) basalt

mafic

Basaltic lava flows with smooth surfaces, resembling braids of rope, are called ____________ flows.

pahoehoe

When melting forms magma

partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source

Frost wedging is a type of ___________weathering.

physical/mechanical

Volcanic ash, hot gas, and rock fragments that flow rapidly downhill, associated with a volcanic eruption are called ____________________.

pyroclastic flows

Igneous rocks composed of rock fragments of pumice and hot volcanic ash are said to have a(n) _______________________ texture.

pyroclastic/welded

An example of a fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of feldspar and quartz is called is called ___________________.

rhyolite

_______________is a very fine grained, clastic rock that breaks into thin pieces because the minerals are lined up in the rock.

shale

What is the main difference between conglomerate and breccia?

the shape of the clasts

(Igneous rock with correct composition) peridotite

ultramafic

(Igneous rock to the correct texture) Scoria

vesicular

Which of the following environments would you expect to form a sandstone?

within a river channel


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