Globalization and The Information Age:

Which citation format is correct if a student is quoting from an article entitled "We the People" that is published on a website and has no author information? (Author Unknown) ("We the People," No page #) ("We the People") (Anonymous, "We")

("We the People")

Which citation format is correct if a student is quoting from an article entitled "Making Healthier Food Choices" that appears on a website and is written by author Lindsay Metcalf? (Metcalf) (Metcalf, website) ("Making Healthier Food Choices") (Metcalf, "Making Healtheir Food Choices")

(Metcalf)

Which excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Death by Black Hole" best provides evidence that escape from a black hole is impossible? . . . the speed required to escape a black hole is greater than the speed of light itself. . . . light travels at exactly 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum and is the fastest stuff in the universe. But if the black hole were 6,000 feet across, then the same man's feet would be only one-tenth of 1 percent closer to the center than his head, and the difference in gravity—the tidal force—would be correspondingly small. Meanwhile, the stuff within the event horizon has collapsed to an infinitesimal point at the black hole's center. So black holes are not so much deadly objects as they are deadly regions of space. If you stumbled upon a black hole and found yourself falling feet-first toward its center, then as you got closer, the black hole's force of gravity would grow astronomically.

. . . the speed required to escape a black hole is greater than the speed of light itself. . . . light travels at exactly 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum and is the fastest stuff in the universe.

What is a counterclaim in an argumentative speech? A counterclaim is a possible objection to the thesis. A counterclaim is a supporting detail, such as statistics. A counterclaim is the concluding statement of a speech. A counterclaim is an umbrella statement for the argument.

A counterclaim is a possible objection to the thesis.

Pathos

An Appeal to emotion

Logos

An appeal to logic

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. The labor practices of the fast food industry have their origins in the assembly line systems adopted by American manufacturers in the early twentieth century. Business historian Alfred D. Chandler has argued that a high rate of "throughput" was the most important aspect of these mass production systems. A factory's throughput is the speed and volume of its flow—a much more crucial measurement, according to Chandler, than the number of workers it employs or the value of its machinery. Which of the following choices best describes the evidence used in this excerpt? An expert's opinion provides historical background of an important concept. An expert's viewpoint presents a counterclaim to the author's argument. Statistical and factual evidence prove the author's claim. Personal experience creates persuasive, emotional appeal.

An expert's opinion provides historical background of an important concept.

Which excerpt from Fast Food Nation best states a reason supporting the author's claim that fast food restaurants follow the assembly line model? Once an order has been placed, buttons light up and suggest other menu items that can be added. At Burger King restaurants, frozen hamburger patties are placed on a conveyer belt and emerge from a broiler ninety seconds later fully cooked. The McDonald's operations manual today has ten times the number of pages and weighs about four pounds. Teenagers open the fast food outlets in the morning, close them at night, and keep them going at all hours in between.

At Burger King restaurants, frozen hamburger patties are placed on a conveyer belt and emerge from a broiler ninety seconds later fully cooked.

Read the excerpt from Death by Black Hole. Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, published in 1916, provides the insight to understand the bizarre structure of space and time in a high-gravity environment. Later research by the American physicist John A. Wheeler, and others, helped to formulate a vocabulary as well as the mathematical tools to describe and predict what a black hole will do to its surroundings. Read the excerpt from "Man Listening to Disc." And I bow deeply to Thelonious Monk for figuring out a way to motorize—or whatever—his huge piano so he could be with us today. The central idea that both texts share is __________ Connections between math and music Credit to people who have inspired the authors References to musicians the narrators admire predictions about the future of mankind

Credit to people who have inspired the authors

Which sentence best demonstrates the language required of an argumentative speech? College entrance exams are super important to colleges, and every student must work hard to get a decent score. Every high school in the county must provide its students with thorough information about college entrance exams. High school guidance counselors are a good source of information about college entrance requirements. Students often take preparatory classes to up their scores on college entrance exams.

Every high school in the county must provide its students with thorough information about college entrance exams.

Which excerpt from Fast Food Nation best illustrates the author's use of the rhetorical appeal logos? Her family's modest townhouse sits beside a busy highway on the south side of Colorado Springs, in a largely poor and working-class neighborhood. A job at a fast food restaurant became an American rite of passage, a first job soon left behind for better things. English is now the second language of at least one-sixth of the nation's restaurant workers, and about one-third of that group speaks no English at all. When she finally walks home, after seven hours of standing at a cash register, her feet hurt. She's wiped out.

English is now the second language of at least one-sixth of the nation's restaurant workers, and about one-third of that group speaks no English at all.

An appeal to ethics, character, or credibility

Ethos

Read the excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Death by Black Hole." That's the gory moment when your body snaps into two segments, breaking apart at your midsection. Upon falling further, the difference in gravity continues to grow, and each of your two body segments snaps into two segments. Shortly thereafter, those segments each snap into two segments of their own, and so forth, and so forth, bifurcating your body into an ever-increasing number of parts: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc. After you've been ripped into shreds of organic molecules, the molecules themselves begin to feel the continually growing tidal forces. Eventually, they too snap apart, creating a stream of their constituent atoms. And then, of course, the atoms themselves snap apart, leaving an unrecognizable parade of particles that, minutes earlier, had been you. Which statement best describes how the author conveys the message that humans are no match for the power of a black hole? He explains scientific theories to the reader and provides the definitions for difficult terms and words. He uses logic and reason to lay out each individual step of human combustion as it is absorbed by the tidal force. He provides helpful comparisons of black holes with other cosmic phenomena that the reader may already know. He personalizes the experience for the reader and uses vivid imagery to create a clear mental picture.

He personalizes the experience for the reader and uses vivid imagery to create a clear mental picture.

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. Up and down Academy Boulevard, along South Nevada, Circle Drive, and Woodman Road, teenagers like Elisa run the fast food restaurants of Colorado Springs. Fast food kitchens often seem like a scene from Bugsy Malone, a film in which all the actors are children pretending to be adults. No other industry in the United States has a workforce so dominated by adolescents. How does Schlosser effectively build his argument in this excerpt? He uses anecdotal evidence to share a personal experience of eating fast food. He uses analogical evidence to help the reader visualize his point about the workers. He uses testimonial evidence to explain the health risks of eating fast food. He uses statistical evidence to prove that adults make better employees than teens.

He uses analogical evidence to help the reader visualize his point about the workers.

Which sentence best demonstrates an appropriate style for an argumentative essay? Anyone who believes we should increase taxes is incapable of logical reasoning and should be discounted. Increasing taxes would place an unnecessary hardship on the citizens and should be avoided. Local legislative bodies are tasked with generating revenue to manage the needs of their districts. Taxes are already out of control; it is unbelievable that the legislature is considering an increase.

Increasing taxes would place an unnecessary hardship on the citizens and should be avoided.

Read this excerpt from "The Intelligent Planet." Instead of typing arcane codes and symbols into a ((web navigator)) and being flooded with fifty thousand incorrect answers, in the future we will simply talk to our wall screen or tie clasp and access the entire planet's formidable body of knowledge. What is the meaning of the underlined term? Internet search engine computer with Internet access Internet support technician outdated computer software

Internet search engine

Which statement best describes a good presentation slide? It is preferable to include as much text as possible. A dark-colored background will highlight the text well. Keep it simple and remember that less is usually best. A number of fancy fonts will add depth to the slide.

Keep it simple and remember that less is usually best.

Read this excerpt from "Choreographers of Matter, Life, and Intelligence." But the few wondrous shells and pebbles picked up by Newton and other scientists on the seashore helped to trigger a marvelous chain of events. A profound transformation occurred in human society. With Newton's mechanics came powerful machines, and eventually the steam engine, the motive force which reshaped the world by overturning agrarian society, spawning factories and stimulating commerce, unleashing the industrial revolution, and opening up entire continents with the railroad. Select the most accurate summary of Kaku's argument. Newton's scientific study transformed knowledge of the ocean and encouraged countless transformative inventions. Newton's discoveries led to the invention of machines and the beginning of an industrialized society. Newton's invention of the steam engine revolutionized transportation around the world. Newton's followers invented the machines that later stimulated factory productivity and success.

Newton's discoveries led to the invention of machines and the beginning of an industrialized society.

Read the excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Death by Black Hole." As far as I know, nobody has ever been eaten by a black hole, but there is compelling evidence to suggest that black holes in the universe routinely dine upon wayward stars and unsuspecting gas clouds. As a cloud approaches a black hole, it hardly ever falls straight in. Unlike your choreographed feet-first fall, a gas cloud is typically drawn into orbit before it spirals to its destruction. The parts of the cloud that are closer to the black hole will orbit faster than the parts that are farther away. Known as differential rotation, this simple shearing can have extraordinary astrophysical consequences. As the cloud layers spiral closer to the event horizon they heat up, from internal friction, to upwards of a million degrees— much hotter than any known star. The gas glows blue-hot as it becomes a copious source of ultraviolet and x-ray energy. What started as an isolated, invisible black hole (minding its own business) has now become an invisible black hole encircled by a gaseous speedway, ablaze with high-energy radiation. Which of the following suggestions would be most beneficial for a reader in order to gain a better understanding of the information presented in this excerpt? Skim encyclopedias to learn star names and locations. Review scientific journals explaining the various types of clouds. Read a variety of sources about the formation of black holes. Search web pages focused on personal encounters with black holes.

Read a variety of sources about the formation of black holes.

Read the excerpt from Billy Collins's "Man Listening to Disc." In fact, I would say my delight at being suffused with phrases from his saxophone— some like honey, some like vinegar— is surpassed only by my gratitude to Tommy Potter for taking the time to join us on this breezy afternoon with his most unwieldy bass and to the esteemed Arthur Taylor who is somehow managing to navigate this crowd with his cumbersome drums. Which of the following suggestions would best enhance a reader's understanding of this poem? Read a variety of sources about the style and instruments used by jazz musicians. Search medical journals to learn how different types of music can affect a person's mood. Review case studies on hearing loss due to the prolonged listening of loud music. Evaluate several poems to learn about the techniques authors use to convey their ideas.

Read a variety of sources about the style and instruments used by jazz musicians.

Read this claim from an argumentative essay about zoos. Zoos help to protect endangered animals, and they are necessary for animal conservation. Which statement best represents a counterclaim to this claim? Removing animals from the wild and placing them in zoos can contribute to the endangerment of their species. Specialists can breed animals at zoos to increase their population. Injured and sick animals can be rescued and rehabilitated at zoos. Zoos can protect endangered animals from hunters, predators, and a variety of natural dangers.

Removing animals from the wild and placing them in zoos can contribute to the endangerment of their species.

Which of the following pieces of evidence from Fast Food Nation best supports the author's claim that teenagers are the ideal candidates for working in the fast food industry? And it gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. Since most teenagers still lived at home, they could afford to work for wages too low to support an adult, and until recently, their limited skills attracted few other employers. Workers at the counter are told to increase the size of an order by recommending special promotions, pushing dessert, pointing out the financial logic behind the purchase of a larger drink. A McDonald's kitchen is full of buzzers and flashing lights that tell employees what to do.

Since most teenagers still lived at home, they could afford to work for wages too low to support an adult, and until recently, their limited skills attracted few other employers.

The author of Fast Food Nation claims that the fast-food industry prefers to employ underskilled workers. The author best offers support by providing Counterclaims about employees who prefer part time jobs Specific reasons such as the ability of de-skilled jobs to "Be filled cheaply"

Specific reasons such as the ability of de-skilled jobs to "Be filled cheaply"

Read the sentence that appears in an argumentative essay about American public education. Millions of dollars have been spent by taxpayers on programs to improve education. Which revision offers the most improvement in sentence fluency? Programs to improve education cost millions of dollars, and taxpayers need to pay for them. Taxpayers have spent millions of dollars on programs to improve education. So much money has been spent on education by way of taxes. Programs endorsed by taxpayers have also been funded by taxpayers.

Taxpayers have spent millions of dollars on programs to improve education.

Which statement best describes an appropriate image for a presentation slide? The image provides evidence for an argument but does not emphasize any key points. The image engages the audience and provides visual representations of logical evidence. The image should be overly emotive, especially when used with a highly logical argument. The image should not be too engaging to the audience, because this may distract them.

The image engages the audience and provides visual representations of logical evidence.

Read the sentence from an argumentative essay about chemical waste. The chemical waste produced by factories is out of hand, and factory owners should get in trouble. Which revision offers the most improvement in word choice? The chemical waste produced by factories is insane, and factory owners should be punished. The chemical waste produced by factories is dangerous, and factory owners should be held accountable. The chemical waste produced by factories is huge, and factory owners should get it under control. The chemical waste produced by factories is manageable, and factory owners deserve blame.

The chemical waste produced by factories is dangerous, and factory owners should be held accountable.

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. EVERY SATURDAY, ELISA ZAMOT gets up at 5:15 in the morning. It's a struggle, and her head feels groggy as she steps into the shower. Her little sisters, Cookie and Sabrina, are fast asleep in their beds. By 5:30, Elisa's showered, done her hair, and put on her McDonald's uniform. She's sixteen, bright-eyed and olive-skinned, pretty and petite, ready for another day of work. Elisa's mother usually drives her the half-mile or so to the restaurant, but sometimes Elisa walks, leaving home before the sun rises. Which of the following choices best describes the rhetorical appeal used in this excerpt? The excerpt demonstrates logos because it is completely objective and lacking in emotion. The excerpt demonstrates logos because it contains statistics to support the author's claim. The excerpt demonstrates ethos because the author positions himself as an expert on the topic. The excerpt demonstrates pathos because the author presents a compelling story using emotional language.

The excerpt demonstrates pathos because the author presents a compelling story using emotional language.

The use of images such as graphs and photos in a presentation can help communicate information visually. can replace reasons and evidence in a speech. could potentially distract audiences from an argument. could possibly send conflicting messages to an audience.

can help communicate information visually.

Which excerpt from Fast Food Nation best illustrates the use of the rhetorical appeal logos? Teenagers open the fast food outlets in the morning, close them at night, and keep them going at all hours in between. Elisa's mother usually drives her the half-mile or so to the restaurant, but sometimes Elisa walks, leaving home before the sun rises. The labor practices of the fast food industry have their origins in the assembly line systems adopted by American manufacturers in the early twentieth century. Fast food kitchens often seem like a scene from Bugsy Malone, a film in which all the actors are children pretending to be adults.

The labor practices of the fast food industry have their origins in the assembly line systems adopted by American manufacturers in the early twentieth century.

Which excerpt from Billy Collins's "Man Listening to Disc" best supports the idea that the speaker uses the music to isolate himself from others? as if he were right beside me on this clear day in March, the pavement sparkling with sunlight, In fact, I would say my delight at being suffused with phrases from his saxophone—some like honey, some like vinegar— And I bow deeply to Thelonious Monk for figuring out a way to motorize—or whatever—his huge piano so he could be with us today. The music is loud yet so confidential I cannot help feeling even more like the center of the universe

The music is loud yet so confidential I cannot help feeling even more like the center of the universe

Which of the following excerpts from Fast Food Nation best provides evidence that fast food restaurants are designed for using unskilled labor? Her family's modest townhouse sits beside a busy highway on the south side of Colorado Springs, in a largely poor and working-class neighborhood. The ovens at Pizza Hut and at Domino's also use conveyer belts to ensure standardized cooking times. The restaurant opens for business at seven o'clock, and for the next hour or so, Elisa and the manager hold down the fort, handling all the orders. Throughput is all about increasing the speed of assembly, about doing things faster in order to make more.

The ovens at Pizza Hut and at Domino's also use conveyer belts to ensure standardized cooking times.

Read this excerpt from "Talking Robots." Of course, neural networks still have a long way to go before they can model the human brain. As physicist Heinz Pagels has said: "The difference between a real neuron and the model neurons . . . is like the difference between a human hand and a pair of pliers." But the fact that a simple neural network can speak at all is remarkable, indicating that perhaps human abilities can be simulated by electronics. . . . Which is the most accurate summary of Kaku's argument? The simulated speech of neural networks suggests the potential for other electronic simulations. Neural networks are vastly inferior to the human brain, and critics question whether they can speak at all. Neural networks are vastly different from the human brain, just as pliers are different from the human hand. Electronic simulation of speech suggests that technological ability will eventually exceed human potential.

The simulated speech of neural networks suggests the potential for other electronic simulations.

Which sentence best demonstrates the language required of an argumentative speech? To improve their games, chess players must face skilled opponents and attempt novel strategies. Chess players often study the strategies and famous matches of well-respected chess masters. Chess players often make the mistake of playing their peers and less-skilled opponents just for fun. The only way for chess players to get any better is by learning from the pros and testing out risky moves.

To improve their games, chess players must face skilled opponents and attempt novel strategies.

Read the excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Death by Black Hole." If you stumbled upon a black hole and found yourself falling feet-first toward its center, then as you got closer, the black hole's force of gravity would grow astronomically. Curiously, you would not feel this force at all because, like anything in free fall, you are weightless. What you do feel, however, is something far more sinister. While you fall, the black hole's force of gravity at your two feet, they being closer to the black hole's center, accelerates them faster than does the weaker force of gravity at your head. Read the excerpt from Billy Collins's "Man Listening to Disc." the only true point of view, is full of the hope that he, the hub of the cosmos with his hair blown sideways, will eventually make it all the way downtown. Which choice best describes the differing views Tyson and Collins present of humanity? Tyson describes a sinister universe where men are eaten by black holes, while Collins describes a cosmos full of hope for a better future. Tyson writes about a scientific fact of life, while Collins writes about an emotionally charged event in his life. Tyson presents humans as powerless against the forces of nature, while Collins presents an individual creating his own destiny. Tyson suggests that people have no control of their lives in a dangerous world, while Collins reminds people to take control and be focused.

Tyson presents humans as powerless against the forces of nature, while Collins presents an individual creating his own destiny.

Read the following excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Death by Black Hole." That's the gory moment when your body snaps into two segments, breaking apart at your midsection. Upon falling further, the difference in gravity continues to grow, and each of your two body segments snaps into two segments. Shortly thereafter, those segments each snap into two segments of their own, and so forth, and so forth, bifurcating your body into an ever-increasing number of parts: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc. Read the following excerpt from Billy Collins's "Man Listening to Disc." The music is loud yet so confidential I cannot help feeling even more like the center of the universe than usual as I walk along to a rapid little version of "The Way You Look Tonight," What do these two excerpts reveal about the difference in ideas presented by Tyson and Collins? Tyson stresses humanity's relative insignificance in the universe, while Collins stresses man's perceived importance. Tyson describes man's place in the universe, while Collins focuses primarily on the role of mankind itself. Tyson's essay is a serious discussion of black holes, while Collins's poem mocks the importance of music. Tyson discusses the probability of being swallowed by black holes, while Collins describes the effects of listening to music.

Tyson stresses humanity's relative insignificance in the universe, while Collins stresses man's perceived importance.

A prepared speaker: -Has researched, read, and reviewed materials. -Brings notes to the discussion -Supports opinions with evidence -Responds to questions thoughtfully -Reflects on points made by others ---- An unprepared speaker: -Has not researched or read materials -Has not brought any notes -Only states opinions -Ignores or dismisses questions. -Focuses on only one viewpoint

a

Analogical : Based on comparing one thing to something similar Anecdotal: Based on personal experience or historical events Testimonial: Based on the viewpoint of a credible expert Statistical: Based on facts using numbers

a

Moderator: -Prepares an agenda -Reviews the rules -Helps the group stay on topic -Encourages all to contribute -Helps the group deal with conflict ---- Participant: -Is considerate of others -Listens before speaking -Expresses ideas clearly -Presents opinions respectfulyl -Asks questions

a

central idea: the controlling idea of a text integrate: to join together to make a whole message: the deeper meaning of a text's content

a

Read this outline for an argumentative speech. 1. Introduction: Consuming organic food. A. It is better for your health to consume organic fruits and vegetables instead of conventionally grown produce. 2. Organic fruits and vegetables are free of chemicals. A. Farmers who raise organic produce do not use synthetic pesticides. ((((( B. Some say the pesticide residue on conventional produce is minimal, but even minimal amounts of pesticide can have a harmful effect over time.))))))) C. Organic produce is safer due to the lack of chemicals. 3. Organic fruits and vegetables are more nutritious. A. Organic produce is packed with vitamins and minerals. B. Conventionally grown foods are not lacking in nutrition, but the concentration of vitamins and minerals is higher in organic foods. C. Organic produce is healthier due to the high concentration of vitamins and minerals. 4. Organic fruits and vegetables are less likely to carry diseases. A. Organic farming is cleaner than conventional farming. B. Organic farming does not include chemicals that kill organisms, however incidences of harmful bacteria are lower in organic produce. C. Organic produce is safer due to the low incidence of harmful bacteria. 5. Organic fruits and vegetables are better for your health for three reasons. A. Organic fruits and vegetables are grown without the use of synthetic chemicals, are more nutritious, and are less likely to spread diseases. B. The lack of chemicals, the high concentration of vitamins and minerals, and the lower incidence of disease are all better for your health. The underlined sentence (2B) in the outline is the thesis statement. the topic sentence. a counterclaim. the conclusion.

a counterclaim.

Read the sentence from an argumentative essay about the economy. The unstable economy caused (lots of people to lose their jobs.) Which revision exhibits the best word choice for the underlined portion of the sentence? chaos with people losing their jobs lots of people to get fired a drastic increase in unemployment a change in the number of people employed

a drastic increase in unemployment

Which visual aid would best enhance a speech about the popularity of sports around the world? a photograph of an exciting moment from a soccer match a list of statistics about the world's baseball players and teams a graph that shows the most-watched sports around the world a bulleted list that identifies the speaker's favorite professional athletes

a graph that shows the most-watched sports around the world

What is meant by the term "Magic Mirror" as it is used in "The Intelligent Planet"? an evolved Internet that does research without human input a futuristic home accessory that is capable of answering questions a secretary who is capable of performing accurate research a resource that responds accurately and intuitively

a resource that responds accurately and intuitively

Having a counterclaim in an argumentative essay allows the author of the essay to provide background information on the topic. support his or her claim with evidence. state his or her opinion on the topic. address any opposition to his or her claim.

address any opposition to his or her claim.

Read the excerpt from "Man Listening to Disc." to Tommy Potter for taking the time to join us on this breezy afternoon with his most unwieldy bass and to the esteemed Arthur Taylor who is somehow managing to navigate this crowd with his cumbersome drums. And I bow deeply to Thelonious Monk for figuring out a way to motorize—or whatever—his huge piano so he could be with us today. Which of the following additional features would best enhance the reader's understanding of this excerpt? a diagram showing the narrator's route through the city a visual simulation of the man walking down the street audio samples of music by the specified musicians textbook chapters on the history of jazz musicians

audio samples of music by the specified musicians

How does Michio Kaku develop the idea of future Internet intelligence in "The Intelligent Planet"? by comparing the Internet to a magic mirror by recounting the history of rapid Internet growth by describing the impending changes in other scientific fields by offering quantitative research about Internet funding

by comparing the Internet to a magic mirror

How does Michio Kaku develop the idea of an impending scientific revolution in "Choreographers of Matter, Life, and Intelligence"? by praising the efficiency of modern-day Internet research by providing quantitative proof of recent scientific progress by comparing scientific knowledge to grains of sand on a beach by providing the names and contributions of modern scientists

by providing quantitative proof of recent scientific progress

The author of Fast Food Nation claims that the fast-food industry prefers to employ teenagers. How does the author best support this claim? by providing evidence that teenagers are the bulk of the workforce in America because many still live at home by providing the counterclaim that teenagers typically leave behind their first jobs at fast-food chains for better opportunities by providing evidence that teenagers are better at smiling and promoting the increased size of an order by providing specific reasons why teenagers are ideal candidates, such as their acceptance of lower wages

by providing specific reasons why teenagers are ideal candidates, such as their acceptance of lower wages

Read this excerpt from "Choreographers of Matter, Life, and Intelligence." Clearly, we are on the threshold of yet another ((revolution.)) Human knowledge is doubling every ten years. What is the meaning of the underlined term? battle or mutiny change or transformation type of rotation style of leadership

change or transformation

Read the following paragraph. Genetically modified foods unequally benefit rich countries, including the United States. The USDA reports that the US gained the vast majority of the total world benefit from new herbicide-tolerant soybeans in 1997. In addition, the US company that created the soybeans charged farmers a technology fee. These high adoption costs will continue to limit the benefits of genetically modified crops to rich countries that do not need the higher yields, rather than extending them to poorer nations that do. Which change would best modify this written paragraph into a strong argumentative speech? inserting more academic writing and formal language dividing the final sentence into two shorter sentences deleting strong verbs and replacing them with passive ones lengthening the first sentence with descriptive language

dividing the final sentence into two shorter sentences

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. At Taco Bell restaurants the food is "assembled," not prepared. The guacamole isn't made by workers in the kitchen; it's made at a factory in Michoacán, Mexico, then frozen and shipped north. The chain's taco meat arrives frozen and precooked in vacuum-sealed plastic bags. The beans are dehydrated and look like brownish corn flakes. The cooking process is fairly simple. "Everything's add water," a Taco Bell employee told me. "Just add hot water." The Taco Bell employee's quote supports Schlosser's argument in this excerpt because it provides personal opinions about the working conditions in fast food restaurants. helps the reader visualize teenagers working in fast food restaurants. provides expert testimony about the nutritional quality of fast food. emphasizes the obsession with consistency and standardization in the fast food industry.

emphasizes the obsession with consistency and standardization in the fast food industry.

The evidence in an argumentative speech should include a "hook" to attract attention. an implied thesis statement. facts, statistics, or examples. compelling counterclaims.

facts, statistics, or examples.

Word choice in an argumentative essay should be simple and general. completely neutral. emotional and exaggerated. formal and precise.

formal and precise.

Which of the following ideas is discussed in both Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Death by Black Hole" and in Billy Collins's "Man Listening to Disc"? what is present in the center of the universe humanity's place in relation to the larger universe the universe as a source of inspiration the complexity and beauty of the universe

humanity's place in relation to the larger universe

Read this excerpt from "Choreographers of Matter, Life, and Intelligence." With Newton's mechanics came powerful machines, and eventually the steam engine, the motive force which reshaped the world by overturning agrarian society, spawning factories and stimulating commerce. . . . What is the meaning of the underlined term? individuals employed by Newton tools utilized by Newton ideas generated by Newton engines built by Newton

ideas generated by Newton

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. The strict regimentation at fast food restaurants creates standardized products. It increases the throughput. And it gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. "When management determines exactly how every task is to be done . . . and can impose its own rules about pace, output, quality, and technique," the sociologist Robin Leidner has noted, "[it] makes workers increasingly interchangeable." The management no longer depends upon the talents or skills of its workers—those things are built into the operating system and machines. The testimonial evidence in this excerpt is effective because it makes an emotional protest against the fast food industry's treatment of employees. includes an expert opinion supporting the claim that the fast food industry resembles the manufacturing business. describes a personal experience of what it is like to work in a fast food restaurant. provides a technical explanation of the standardized procedures and equipment used in fast food restaurants.

includes an expert opinion supporting the claim that the fast food industry resembles the manufacturing business.

Read this excerpt from "Why No Policeman on the Block?" Only in the last decade, with the ending of the Cold War, have these technologies finally been fully released to the (( public domain)). What is the meaning of the underlined term? civilian researchers open society mass media unlicensed users

open society

Read the opening lines from Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Death by Black Hole." Without a doubt, the most spectacular way to die in space is to fall into a black hole. Where else in the universe can you lose your life by being ripped apart atom by atom? Read the beginning stanza from Billy Collins's "Man Listening to Disc." This is not bad— ambling along 44th Street with Sonny Rollins for company, his music flowing through the soft calipers of these earphones, The beginnings of these two pieces are similar because they both reference a famous jazz musician. contemplate life and death. consider humanity's place in the universe. open with an upbeat tone.

open with an upbeat tone.

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation. English is now the second language of at least one-sixth of the nation's restaurant workers, and about one-third of that group speaks no English at all. The proportion of fast food workers who cannot speak English is even higher. Which type of evidence does the author use in this excerpt? anecdotal statistical testimonial analogical

statistical

The thesis statement of an argumentative speech is also known as the claim. the reasons. the evidence. the counterclaim.

the claim.

Which excerpt from "Man Listening to Disc" best supports the idea that when the speaker listens to music he is the center of his own world? my delight at being suffused with phrases from his saxophone—some like honey, some like vinegar— is surpassed only by my gratitude to the woman in the white sweater, the man in the tan raincoat and the heavy glasses, who mistake themselves for the center of the universe— all I can say is watch your step because the five of us, instruments and all, are about to angle over to the south side of the street and then, in our own tightly knit way, the only true point of view, is full of the hope that he, the hub of the cosmos with his hair blown sideways,

the only true point of view, is full of the hope that he, the hub of the cosmos with his hair blown sideways,

Read the following paragraph. Organic fruits and vegetables are safer than produce grown on conventional farms because organic produce is less likely to carry diseases. Organic farming is cleaner and more hygienic than conventional farming. So when organic fruits and vegetables reach grocery stores and supermarkets, they are less likely to include E. coli and other harmful organisms. Some people claim organic produce is more dangerous because it is not grown with the use of synthetic chemicals. However, studies have shown that incidences of harmful bacteria are much lower in organic produce. Also, the lack of synthetic chemicals is better in the long-term for your health. As a result, organic fruits and vegetables are much healthier and safer than conventional produce. Which option would best make this text suitable for a slide in a presentation? the replacement of the text with a bulleted list the inclusion of very detailed statistics and examples the addition of a photograph of a conventionally grown fruit the use of underlining or italicizing to highlight parts of the text

the replacement of the text with a bulleted list

Which of the following parts of an argumentative essay belongs in the introduction? reason evidence counterclaim thesis

thesis

Read the sentence from an argumentative essay about homelessness. There should be services to give homeless people a break from the stuff they have to deal with in their everyday lives. Which is the best revision of the underlined portion of the sentence? to give homeless people a vacation from their suffering. to give homeless people relief from their everyday hardships. to give homeless people a break from what they have to deal with every day. to give homeless people relief from the stuff they have to deal with every day.

to give homeless people relief from their everyday hardships.

Read a paragraph from a presentation. Most of you probably are fans of typical American sports, such as baseball and basketball. However, I urge you to consider watching and participating in sports that are popular in other nations. Most of us are familiar with soccer. However, few of us realize that it is the most popular sport in the world. You've all experienced Super Bowl Sunday madness, but that is nothing compared to the international frenzy that sweeps across our planet every four years when soccer's World Cup occurs. Watching the games of the World Cup can be a fun way to connect with other sports fans around the globe. What is the purpose of this presentation? to persuade to instruct to inform to entertain

to persuade

Read this excerpt from "Talking Robots." Sejnowski rejected the usual top-down approach to reproducing human speech. He threw out the fat dictionaries of pronunciation and programs brimming with the rules of phonetics and the tedious list of exceptions to all the previous rules, which had no rhyme or reason. Instead, he replaced all this with a surprisingly simple neural circuit. What is the author's purpose for including this statement? to prove Sejnowski's credentials to clarify how linguists teach speech to criticize robots with neural circuits to praise Sejnowski's innovation

to praise Sejnowski's innovation

Read this excerpt from "Why No Policeman on the Block?" Any neophyte surfing the Net for the first time will be frustrated by the fact that it has no intelligence whatsoever; like a newborn baby, it is a blank slate. Worse, there are no rules or traffic cops, no regulations or even directory of the Internet. What is the author's purpose for including this statement? to prove that the Internet needs improvement to provide evidence that computer users are unskilled to criticize the federal control of the Internet to give a chronology of the Internet's evolution

to prove that the Internet needs improvement

Read this excerpt from "Choreographers of Matter, Life, and Intelligence." With these three fundamental discoveries, triggered by the quantum revolution, the DNA revolution, and the computer revolution, the basic laws of matter, life, and computation were, in the main, finally solved. What is the author's purpose for including this statement? to praise the impressive work of modern scientists to provide evidence that the age of discovery is concluding to give examples of federally funded scientific discoveries to criticize societies that fail to encourage science

to provide evidence that the age of discovery is concluding

Read the sentence that appears in an argumentative essay about American public education. If education is so important to American society, then why is funding for American public schools so pathetic? Which revision exhibits the best word choice for the underlined portion of the sentence? why is the funding for American public schools so inadequate? why is the funding for American public schools so ridiculous? why is the money given to public schools so pathetic? why is pathetic funding given to American public schools?

why is the funding for American public schools so inadequate?