GML Chap 12

The number of voluntary reform communities established in the decades before the Civil War that historians often call "utopian" communities - such as the Oneidan, Owenite, or Fourierist communities - numbered about

100

Between 1833 and 1840, about how many northerners joined abolitionist groups

100,000

This first martyr of the antislavery movement was killed by a mob in Illinois while defending his press

Elijah P. Lovejoy

America's first black newspaper was called

Freedom's Journal

Which was not a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities

Individualism and anarchy were watchwords at New Harmony

In her 1845 work, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, this writer sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development

Margaret Fuller

This utopian community was created in 1848 by John Humphrey Noyes, a son of a U.S. congressman

Oneida

Stretching from Maine to Kentucky, this was the most successful of the religious communities in the mid-1800s

Shakers

Why did Abby Kelley return to lecturing soon after giving birth

She felt the injustice of the fact that many black mothers could not be with their babies as long as slavery was in practice, so she worked toward the goal of abolitionism for her child to be brought up in a "free" country

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by

William Lloyd Garrison

The American Colonization Society called for

a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States

The Liberty Bell took on its name - previously it had been known as the Old State House Bell - after

abolitionists adopted it as a symbol of their cause for abolishing slavery

At Oneida, founded in 1848 in New York State, John Humphrey Noyes did away with private property and developed the idea of "complex marriage." "Complex marriage" at Oneida meant

any man and any woman could have sexual relations at any time so long as the relationship was mutual and was recorded in a public record book

The idea of "perfectionism" was the view that

both individuals and society at large were capable of indefinite improvement

The largest effort at educational institution-building before the Civil War came in the movement to establish

common schools

Robert Owen's utopian society promoted this idea to allow workers to receive the full value of their labor

communitarianism

The American Tract Society, the American Bible Society, and other groups flooded these areas with copies of the gospel and pamphlets promoting religious virtue

eastern cities and the western frontier

As they were committed to the separation of the sexes, Shaker communities admitted only men

false

By 1860, tax-supported school systems for children had been established in every state.

false

Dorothea Dix was a leading advocate of abolitionism.

false

Harriet Beecher Stowe was most famous for running the Underground Railroad

false

Horace Mann argued that it was not a school's responsibility to reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed to instill the proper discipline in their children

false

In lecturing the public, Sojourner Truth exclaimed, "And aren't I a woman?" to reinforce the traditional roles of women

false

Many northern women were inspired and transformed by the abolitionist message, but few played an active role in spreading it

false

Most African-Americans strongly supported settlement of themselves and other blacks in Africa (as a means to escape southern slavery)

false

Similar to the Shaker practice of celibacy, the Oneida community exercised monogamous marriages

false

The American Temperance Society, founded in 1826, directed its efforts to redeeming the habitual drunkards, not the occasional social drinker

false

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by Lucretia Mott

false

The black abolitionist Henry Highland Garnet decried those who wished to rise in rebellion to throw off their shackles of slavery, instead insisting on a more peaceful means of protest

false

William Lloyd Garrison was most remembered for his book Uncle Tom's Cabin

false

"Gentlemen of property and standing" were

merchants with close commercial ties to the South

Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts school teacher, was the leading proponent of

more humane treatment of the insane.

The 1836 "gag rule"

prohibited consideration of petitions calling for emancipation in the House of Representatives

Which was not among the institutional asylums built during the 1830s and 1840s

settlement houses in cities

This "greatest evil" in American society at first appeared to attract the least attention from the reformers

slavery

Which was not a movement Abby Kelley was associated with

tariff reform

At the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention in New York, Elizabeth Cady Stanton modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on

the Declaration of Independence

Among the social reforms involved in the early to mid-1800s, all of the following were part of American society except

the fashion of women wearing pants

Abby Kelley was one of the foremost female abolitionist orators in the country during her time

true

Abolitionists used the press to mock the nation's claim to be a "land of the free."

true

According to the Shakers, God had a "dual" personality, encompassing both male and female sexes

true

Disagreement over the role of women in antislavery campaigns contributed to a major split in the abolitionist movement

true

In the decades before the Civil War, several thousand black Americans did emigrate to Liberia with the aid of the American Colonization Society

true

Many Americans saw the reform impulse as an attack on their own freedom, particularly the temperance movement

true

Reformers had a two-front plan for reforming society: one through a vision of personal freedom, and the other through liberating oneself from various forms of "slavery" that made it impossible to succeed

true

Southern defenders of slavery frequently linked slavery and marriage as natural and just forms of inequality

true

The dramatic fall in the birthrate over the course of the nineteenth century suggests that many women were quietly exercising "personal freedom" in their most intimate relationships

true

Though women could not vote in the early nineteenth-century United States, they did circulate petitions, march in parades, and deliver public lectures on a variety of topics

true

Beginning in 1816, the American Colonization Society

wished both to abolish slavery and send American blacks to Africa