Government Midterm Exam 2

Place the following cases relating to gay and lesbian civil rights in order, from oldest to most recent.

1. Bowers v Hardwick 2. Romer v Evans 3. Lawrence v. Texas

Over time, the focus of the federal government, such as the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, moved away from earlier policies designed to equalize educational and economic opportunities, such as[ ]programs, to affirmative action programs, such as[ ]

1. desegregation 2. integration

Match each feature to the committee it describes: 527 committees (Super PACs), 501(c)(4) committees, or both.

501(c)(4): cannot spend more than half its revenue for political purposes 527/Super Pac: are required to disclose donors both: can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money, campaign

Match the U.S. Supreme Court case to the effect it had on campaign spending.

Citizens United v FEC(2010): gave rise to SuperPACs, government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations or unions Buckley v Valeo(1974): introduced idea that campaign contributions count as speech

When did affirmative action programs start?

Correct: 1960s

Identify the correct and incorrect statements regarding the effect of education on political behavior.

Correct: Education provides an important way to teach all children a common set of civic values., The more education one has, the more likely he or she is to participate in politics.

Which of these statements about elections are true?

Correct: Elections are administered by state and local governments, Turnout in midterm elections is lower than in presidential elections

In which case did the Supreme Court affirm that Mexican Americans, and all other nationality groups, are entitled to equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment?

Correct: Hernandez V. Texas

In 1986, the Supreme Court recognized two types of sexual harassment. What are they?

Correct: Hostile environment, quid pro quo

What effect did the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 have?

Correct: It called for making all public businesses accessible to those with disabilities, It called for employers to make reasonable accommodations for workers with disabilities.

Why might digital media be more effective than television ads?

Correct: It is cheaper, It offers more possibilities for free advertisement, It may be more effective with viewers because internet users seek out information.

Which of these statements about politically knowledgeable citizens are true?

Correct: More knowledgeable citizens are better able to recognize their interests and act consistently to further those interests., More knowledgeable citizens are better able to evaluate new information for consistency with their beliefs or predispositions.

Which of the following statements about political action committees (PACs) are accurate?

Correct: PACs are allowed to make larger contributions than an individual can make to a campaign, PACs are private groups that raise and distribute funds for use in election campaigns.

Identify the correct and incorrect statements about who participates in politics.

Correct: People are more likely to have publicly expressed support for a political campaign on social media than to report having attended a political rally, Those with post-graduate degrees were more likely to contact an elected official and attend a political rally compared to those with some college.

_________generally support laws requiring voters to show identification before voting, claiming such laws help deter voter fraud.___________ generally oppose such laws, claiming they are designed to discourage poor and minority voters from participating. Each party sees an electoral advantage in their positions, because__________tend to benefit from voter ID laws and_________tend to be hurt by such laws.

Correct: Republicans, Democrats, Republicans, Democrats,

New York state enacted the Excelsior Scholarship program, which provides low- and middle-income families free college at New York public universities (i.e., SUNY and CUNY). According to the concept of policy feedback, what effect would the Excelsior Scholarship program have?

Correct: The Excelsior Scholarship program would cause New Yorkers to have a more favorable view of "free college" public policies.

What was the primary outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention?

Correct: The convention called for women to have the right to vote.

What are the consequences of people's lack of political knowledge?

Correct: The lack of knowledge makes it more difficult for voters to act consistent with their interests, Those with less knowledge can be more easily manipulated by elites.

If a public-opinion survey suffers from selection bias, which of the following has occurred?

Correct: The survey organizatin did not get a random sample.

Why are Republican and Democratic politicians more likely to respond to the wealthy?

Correct: The wealthy are more likely to contribute money to campaigns, The wealthy vote at higher rates.

Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the 2020 Democratic Party.

Correct: There were more than 20 candidates vying for the Democratic nomination, The Democratic primary featured the most diverse field of candidates to date.

An employer may defend itself against liability for a supervisor's sexual harassment of another employee if the employer can demonstrate that it had a sexual harassment prevention and grievance policy in effect.

Correct: True

The Supreme Court considers diversity in education a "compelling state interest."

Correct: True

In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled on two different University of Michigan cases related to affirmative action. They ruled that it was __________to use race as one of a number of considerations while also ruling that it was ____________to give minority applicants a specific number of bonus points in the application scoring system.

Correct: constitutional, unconstitutional

Over time, the focus of the federal government, such as the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, moved away from earlier policies designed to equalize educational and economic opportunities, such as ________ programs, to affirmative action programs, such as _____________

Correct: desegregation, integration

In contemporary politics, which of the following political positions are more likely to be supported by liberals?

Correct: expansion of federal social services, extensive government intervention in the economy, protection of rights for LGBTQ persons

Most people initially acquire their political orientation from_____________family, and friends _______________important role in shaping opinion as one gets older.

Correct: family, play a more

To prevent having multiple candidates from the same party confusing voters in a general election, political parties take which of the following actions?

Correct: hold primary elections

Match the type of segregation with its correct definition.

Correct: legally enforced practice of segregationde jure Correct label:de jure Correct: segregation that occurs by practices that aren't legally mandatedde facto Correct label:de facto

In contemporary politics, which of the following political positions are more likely to be supported by liberals, and which are likely to be supported by conservatives?

Correct: protection of rights for LGBTQ persons, expansion of federal social services, extensive government intervention in the economy

Sort the following into descriptions of de facto or de jure segregation.

Correct: schools where students are predominantly of one race because of who lives in the neighborhood, segregation resulting from housing patterns

Match each ideological group to the statement(s) they would be most likely to support: *extensive government intervention to reduce economic and social inequality *most likely to oppose expansion of government activity and more supportive of traditional family arrangements. *supportive of political and social reform *government that is as small and limited as possible

Correct: socialists, conservatives, liberals, libertarians

In cases that involve racial discrimination, the Supreme Court uses the strict scrutiny test. This places the burden of proof on which party?

Correct: the government

Which of the following was the most important victory in the history of civil rights for disabled Americans?

Correct: the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act

Maria conducted an in-person pre-election survey about voter preferences in the Democratic primary. She found that nearly all respondents (98 percent) were open to supporting a woman candidate. However, in the anonymous follow-up survey that re-interviewed the respondents, only 80 percent responded that they would be open to supporting a woman candidate. What could be generating these different results?

Correct: the social desirability effect

What is the goal of a push poll?

Correct: to shape the respondent's perception of the candidate or issue in question,

When is party identification most likely to influence a person's vote choice?

Correct: when that person is voting on state legislative candidates, when that person is unfamiliar with the issues, when that person knows little about the candidates

Identify the forms of political participation as traditional or digital.

Traditional Political Participation: voting in an election, attending a campaign event, participating in a protest Digital Political Participation: writing a blog post

When is the "general election" period?

after the party nominations have concluded

Who is eligible to vote under these systems?

all registered voters: open primary, midterm election, general election only party members: closed primary

The winner of the electoral college vote__________matches the winner of the popular vote.

often

Which group was the primary election system introduced to weaken?

party leaders