Government Unit 2
How does the 6th Amendment maintain the rights of people accused of a crime?
The Sixth Amendment establishes the right of an accused person to a public trial by jury.
How has the government increasingly guaranteed rights for different minority groups throughout history?
to restore to different minority groups throughout history , the rights of citizenship guaranteed by settling the Fourteenth and thirteen amendments .
Describe the different processes used to formally and informally amend the Constitution.
1) Formal processes iN * amendment can be proposed by two-thirds of both houses of Congress or *By two-thirds of state legislatures requesting Congress to call a national convention to propose amendments. *An amendment can be ratified by a favorable vote in three-fourths of all state legislatures or by such a vote in specially called ratifying conventions called in three-fourths of the states. 2)Informal Process ,The informal process, used by all branches of government, doesn't actually amend the Constitution. Instead, it refers to changes in how we interpret and use it. This can happen when Congress passes or legislation, when the president revises the role of that office through executive actions. Therefore this can also be considered informal changes or amendments.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 12th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd and 25th Amendments?
12th ,The Electoral College chooses the president and the vice persident. They run together. 20th Moved the inauguration of the President and Vice President up to Jan. This means that a president elect only has to wait two months . 22th Limits the number of times that a person can be elected president. a person cannot be elected president more than twice, meaning a person who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected cannot be elected more than once. 23th Grants the District of Columbia electors the number of electors being equal to the least populous state in the Electoral College. 25th succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities.25th extends the line of presidential succession
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 2nd and 3rd Amendments?
2nd ,to the United States Constitution protects the right of individuals to keep and bear arms.Meaning supporting the natural rights of self-defense, resistance to oppression, and the civic duty to act in concert in defense of the state.3rd All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 5th and 6th Amendments?
5th to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, protects against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure. 6th to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights which sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions. The Supreme Court has applied the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th Amendments?
7th the right of trial by jury shall be preserved.
What are the benefits of postponing Congressional pay raises?
Congress decided to gradually increase the full retirement age from 65 and 70 But of course, postponing benefits assumes you'll be around long enough to collect the higher monthly payments and offset all the years of smaller benefits .
Explain the reasons behind the extension of suffrage for African Americans, females and 18 year olds.
Constitution granted American women the right to vote right known as woman suffrage. At the time the U.S. was founded, its female citizens did not share all of the same rights as men, including the right to vote. During America's early history as a nation, women were denied some of the key rights enjoyed by male citizens. For example, married women couldn't own property and had no legal claim to any money they might earn, and no female had the right to vote Because women were expected to focus on housework and motherhood, not politics.
Explain why citizens are limited to filing lawsuits for only their state of residence.
Filing a lawsuit against a police officer and a police department for violating a ... If the parties to the lawsuit are diverse in their citizenship, and the amount in . a primary residence, and an individual can only be a citizen of one state at a time
Explain how and why 4th Amendment protections are different for students in schools.
Fourth Amendment protects the 'right of the people to be secure in their persons . against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th amendments?
In 16 amendments ,Constitution allows the Congress to lvy an income tax without apportioning it among the states . amendment exempted income taxes from the constitutional requirements regarding direct taxes, after income taxes on rents, dividends, and interest were ruled to be direct taxes in the court case of Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. 17 amendments,
What are the circumstances in which presidential succession might be used?
In fact ,20th and 25th Amendments of the Constitution establish procedures and requirements for the vice president to assume the duties and powers of the president if the president is permanently, or temporarily disabled. In the event of a temporary disability, the vice president serves as president until the president recovers. The president may declare the beginning and ending of his or her own disability.
Explain the desire to limit the terms of the president.
No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once.
What are the exceptions to the warrant requirement of the 4th Amendment?
Not every search, seizure, or arrest must be made pursuant to a lawfully executed warrant. The Supreme Court has ruled that warrantless police conduct may comply with the Fourth Amendment so long as it is reasonable under the circumstances. The exceptions made to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement reflect the Court's reluctance to unduly impede the job of law enforcement officials. The Court has attempted to strike a balance between the practical realities of daily police work and the privacy and freedom interests of THE public.
What is the difference between probable cause and reasonable suspicion?
Probable cause is the logical belief, supported by facts and circumstances, that a crime has been committed. Reasonable suspicion ,It is a reasonable belief based on facts or circumstances and is informed by a police officer's training and experience.The difference between the two terms is that probable cause means there is concrete evidence of a crime, whereas reasonable suspicion is open to broader interpretation.
How does the 10th Amendment limit the power of the federal government?
The 10th amendment was put in place to define what powers would remain within the states rather than central government. That means assigning the state governments their powers by stating, The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 11th, 21st, and 27th Amendments?
The 11 endment, which was the first Constitutional amendment after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, was adopted following the Supreme Court's ruling in Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. In Chisholm, the Court ruled that federal courts had the authority to hear cases in law and equity brought by private citizens against states and that states did not enjoy sovereign immunity from suits made by citizens of other states in federal court. 21 Amendments , to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol .27 amendments States that Congressional salary changes can not take effect until the beginning of the next session of Congress.
How do the "Civil War Amendments" extend civil rights?
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are called the Civil War Amendments because they dealt with the aftermath of the Civil War. Generally speaking, they reaffirmed the rights of U.S. citizens.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 1st Amendment?
The 1st Amendments, It is arguably the most important part of the U.S. Constitution, as it guarantees freedoms of religion, speech, the freedom to raise grievances with the Government. In addition, it requires that a separation be maintained between church and state.
Looking at the 4th, 5th, 6th and 8th Amendments, what rules apply to the police? To the courts?
The 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th Amendments provide much of the constitutional basis of rights ,means that laws must be applied fairly and equally to all people. the Supreme Court has interpreted the 4th Amendment to allow the police must use to ensure fair treatment of persons arrested for crimes.
How does the 9th Amendment secure civil liberties?
The 9th Amendments protect personal liberty and the right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion.
In what ways does the 5th Amendment protect people from arbitrary government actions?
The Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment applies to the federal government. If there has been no government action, or if there has been no deprivation, . in a way which affects their liberty, the law will be subject to Due Process review.
How has the 14th Amendment been used to extended rights to other minority groups throughout history?
The Fourteenth Amendment promises that all persons in the United States shall enjoy the equal protection of the laws. This means that they cannot be discriminated against without good reason. All laws discriminate, because governments must make choices about what is lawful. For example, a law that prohibits burglary discriminates against burglars. But the Equal Protection Clause requires that a state have a good reason or a rational basis for such choices. In certain areas where there has been a history of past wrongful action such, as discrimination based on race or gender.
Why was a change needed to elect a president and vice president on the same ticket?
The President and Vice President need to come from different states - not that the electors cannot vote for the "home state" candidate. Indeed, on average, most candidates receive their home state votes, and for much of the 19th century, this regional advantage was often considered when choosing candidates. In fact, this was actually an issue in the election of 2000. While Dick Cheney had been a member of Congress from Wyoming, he was, in the year 2000, arguably a resident of Texas since he had property there. George W. Bush, governor of the same state, was as well.
How have Supreme Court decisions changed the meaning of the Constitution?
The Supreme Court cannot amend the Constitution in the sense of adding to, deleting from or changing the wording of the Constitution itself. That power is left to Congress . For example case of Marbury v. Madison, where the Supreme Court ruled that it had the judicial power to determine whether or not a particular law or governmental action is proper under the Constitution.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?
The Thirteenth Amendment, to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery to this day. The Fourteenth Amendment, to the United States Constitution declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United tates are American citizens including African Americans. The Fifteenth Amendment, to the United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. For Example, In 1863, President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, giving slaves their freedom. Nine years later this amendment gave citizens of all races the right to vote. It was a start in giving blacks full equality with whites.
How did the 23rd Amendment fix a voting glitch in the system?
The United States Constitution extends the right to vote in the presidential election to citizens residing in the District of Columbia by granting the District electors in the Electoral College, as if it were a state.
How are the Constitutional Amendments used to shape modern day life for American Citizens?
The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws
How does the 8th Amendment limit the power of government?
The bill of rights also guarantees certain of personal freedoms, reserve some powers to the states and the public, and limit the government's power in judicial and other proceedings
In what ways can the Constitution be changed?
The constitution can only be amended, existing text cannot be modified . However, amendments can invalidate previous parts .For example, the 21st amendment repealed the 18th amendment. There are in many ways the constitution can be changed . One will be ,One is for both houses of the US Congress must pass the amendment with a two-thirds majority. The second is for two-thirds of the states to vote to convene a constitutional convention which will draft the amendment . After either of those occur, three-fourths of the states must vote to ratify the amendment. This can either be done by votes in the state legislatures, or be requiring that each state convene a special convention to ratify the amendments.
How does the Progressive Era amendments reflect the will of the people at that time?
The establishment of the English Bill of Rights was precipitated by repeated abuses of power by King James II during his reign from 1685 to 1689. Among these abuses, he suspended acts of Parliament, collected taxes not authorized by law, and undermined the independence of the judiciary and the universities. He interfered in the outcome of elections and trials and refused to be bound by duly enacted laws. Furthermore, he attempted to impose Catholicism on a staunchly Protestant nation through the persecution of Protestant dissenters and the replacement of Anglican officials who refused to acquiesce in his illegal acts.
How has the English Bill of Rights influenced the rights guaranteed to Americans? i.e. Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights.
The establishment of the English Bill of Rights was precipitated by repeated abuses of power by King James II during his reign from 1685 to 1689. Among these abuses, he suspended acts of Parliament, collected taxes not authorized by law, and undermined the independence of the judiciary and the universities. He interfered in the outcome of elections and trials and refused to be bound by duly enacted laws. Furthermore, he attempted to impose Catholicism on a staunchly Protestant nation through the persecution of Protestant dissenters and the replacement of Anglican officials who refused to acquiesce in his illegal acts.
Explain the arguments for and against electing senators directly.
The first proposal to amend the Constitution to elect senators by popular vote was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1826, but the idea did not gain considerable support until the late 19th century when several problems related to Senate elections had become evident. Several state legislatures deadlocked over the election of senators, which led to Senate vacancies lasting months and even years. In other cases, political machines gained control over state legislatures, and the Senators elected with their support were dismissed as puppets.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 4th Amendment?
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated.The ultimate goal of this provision is to protect people's right to privacy and freedom from arbitrary governmental intrusions.
Explain the concept of majority rules Amendments 13, 14, 15, 19, 23, 24, & 26 and minority rights.
The rules and forms have was promulgated and amended by the United States Supreme Court pursuant to law, and further amended by Acts of Congress.
How has the meaning of the US Constitution changed over time?
United State has grown and changed during the last 200 years, and so has the U.S. constitution, including amendments to our voting laws and age, and limiting presidential terms in office. For Example , In 1787, only white men over 21 could vote, and the President could serve for as long as he was elected! These Constitutional amendments changed those laws.
What changes were made to the Constitution with the 15th, 19th, and 24th and 26th Amendments?
White entertainers often performed in "black people instead . Women were not accepted in most professions. Neither group was allowed to vote. Election buttons It wasn't until 1869, when the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified, that males of all races got the vote. It took another 50 years, with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, for women to finally get suffrage. Voters lined up at polling booth Then the 24th Amendment banned poll taxes that some states used to chase ethnic and poor people away from the ballot box. In some places, people needed to own property to vote - not anymore. During the bitter years of the Vietnam War, Americans realized if young people can be ordered to fight and die, they deserve to choose their leaders. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment lowered the voting age to 18 years.
How does a public trial secure a fair trial?
alternatives to closure cannot adequately by protecting the defendant's right to a fair trial.
What are the arguments for and against strict gun control laws?
at least fifty-four percent of Americans support very strict gun laws, with. This support for gun control, by the way, is bipartisan even law alone saw a fifty-nine percent drop in Australian gun homicides, to use armor-piercing bullets just the right to defend yourself against intruders.
Explain what the Lame Duck Amendment does and why it was needed?
lame duck amendment. The amendment ratified in 1933 reduced the amount of time between election day and the beginning of Presidential, Vice Presidential and Congressional terms. The presidential and vice-presidential inaugurations were changed from March 4 to January 20, and the date for congressional convention from March 4 to January 3 thereby eliminating the short session of Congress, during which a number of members sat who had not been reelected to office. An elected official serving out a term after a successor has been elected is referred to as a lame duck.
Why would the courts exclude evidence in a trial if it was obtained illegally by the police?
the English courts declined to suppress evidence obtained by illegal coercion before 1789 did not provide as strong an version of the exclusionary rule that would apply uniformly to exclude all evidence . For example, a murder weapon cannot be used at trial if police illegally . evidence, testimony, or even confessions may be excluded from trial if they illegally seized evidence would have provided that same evidence, a court may rule it admissible.
How does giving individual freedoms to Americans limit the government's power?
well for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed to assuage the fears of Anti-Federalists who had opposed Constitutional ratification, these amendments guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the states and the public. Originally the amendments applied only to the federal government, however, most were subsequently applied to the government of each state by way of the Fourteenth Amendments.
