gov't unit 1 test review

Which type of rights ensure equal treatment under the law? -substantive rights -procedural rights -unenumerated rights -civil rights

civil rights

The process of approving the Constitution is best described as -simple. -unofficial. -difficult. -unfair.

difficult

What is the common purpose of the Ninth and Tenth amendments? -They protect the rights of noncitizens. -They protect rights not listed in the Constitution. -They protect the federalist system. -They protect the federal government from the states.

They protect rights not listed in the Constitution

What is the best definition of unicameral? -a representative of the people -an agreement by which each party gives up something -a government with one legislative body -a government with no legislative body

a government with one legislative body

The Constitution was a result of multiple -legislations. -democracies. -compromises. -populations.

compromises.

A result of the amendment process is that -it requires Congress and the states to work together. -it requires Congress and the states to work separately. -it requires Congress and the states to recognize people's rights. -it forces Congress and the states to respect legal records.

it requires Congress and the states to work together.

To which branch of government does the power to interpret laws and apply the Constitution to the law belong? -federal -executive -judicial -legislative

judicial

Why did Federalists argue for a separation of powers? -No single branch of government would have too much power. -The president should have more power than the other branches. -Power would be divided equally between federal and state government. -Trying to balance three branches of government would be impossible.

no single branch of government would have too much power

During the Constitutional Convention, small states did not want their representation based on -delegation. -location. -condition. -population.

population

According to the Constitution, the right of freedom of religion supports -practicing religions that are national and official. -practicing religions approved by the government. -practicing religion only in private settings. -practicing any religion that one chooses, or none at all.

practicing any religion that one chooses, or none at all.

Which of these is a procedural right protected by the Bill of Rights? -the right to bear arms -freedom to petition -the right to call witnesses -freedom of assembly

right to call witness(es)

Freedom of expression, including freedom of religion and freedom of peaceable assembly, is protected by which amendment to the Constitution? -the Third Amendment -the First Amendment -the Sixth Amendment -the Fourth Amendment

the First Amendment

Which amendment protects citizens from being forced to house troops? -the First Amendment -the Third Amendment -the Sixth Amendment -the Eighth Amendment

the Third Amendment

The House and Senate can only pass amendments to the Constitution if -the amendment receives a majority vote. -the president supports them. -the amendment receives a two-thirds vote. -the judiciary branch supports them.

the amendment receives a two-thirds vote.

Read the Preamble to the US Constitution. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. According to the Preamble, where does the power for government come from? -the welfare -the leaders -the defence -the people

the people

Read the preamble to the Constitution. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. According to the preamble, where does the power of government come from? -the order -the union -the defence -the people

the people

Read this excerpt from the Constitution. The Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent . . . abuse of its powers, that further . . . restrictive clauses should be added. According to this excerpt, what was the main purpose of ratifying the Bill of Rights? -to adopt the Constitution -to restrict citizens' rights -to prevent the abuse of power -to create a convention

the prevent the abuse of power

Ratification is best defined as -the process of approving the Constitution. -the process of supporting the Constitution. -the process of writing the Constitution. -the process of interpreting the Constitution.

the process of approving the Constitution.

Which right is implied by the Second Amendment's right to bear arms? -the right to own property -the right to defend one's honor -the right to form a well-regulated militia -the right to protect oneself

the right to protect oneself

The first step in approving the Constitution involved sending it to -the states. -Congress. -the judicial branch. -the executive branch.

the states

According to the preamble to the Bill of Rights, what is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? -to guarantee everyone's rights -to stop people from depriving others of their rights -to ensure equal rights for all -to prevent the government from abusing people's rights

to prevent the government from abusing people's rights

What was the purpose of the New Jersey Plan? -to support the interests of the smaller states -to implement a bicameral legislature -to nominate William Paterson as chief executive -to ensure representation was based on population

to support the interests of the smaller states

This hypothesis [separation of powers] supposes human wisdom competent [capable] to the task of instituting three co-equal orders in government. . . . Mr. Adams . . . has not been able to adduce [find] a single instance of such a government. . . . If such an organization of power were practicable [able to be used], how long would it continue? Not a day. Which statement supports the author's main claim? -A government of three branches with equal powers does not exist anywhere else. -Humans are capable of creating a fair system using separate powers. -Past governments have created separate powers on many occasions. -It is likely that the government will function successfully by separating powers.

A government of three branches with equal powers does not exist anywhere else.

Which statement best explains the Privileges and Immunities clause of Article IV of the Constitution? -All Americans have the same basic rights, no matter what state they live in or travel to. -States have the ability to create their own Bills of Rights that applies only to their citizens. -If a citizen of one state travels to another state, they are only expected to follow the laws of the home state. -States have the right to apply laws differently to citizens of different states.

All Americans have the same basic rights, no matter what state they live in or travel to.

It has been objected also against a bill of rights, that, by enumerating particular exceptions to the grant of power, it would disparage those rights which were not placed in that enumeration, and it might follow by implication, that those rights which were not singled out, were intended to be assigned into the hands of the general government, and were consequently insecure. What fear does Madison express in this passage? -Any rights that are not listed will not be protected. -A bill of rights would give too much power to the government. -Any rights that are not listed will be assumed to be protected. -A bill of rights would provide citizens with too many liberties

Any rights that are not listed will not be protected.

Amendments to the Constitution can be proposed by -the president and vice president. -Congress and state legislatures. -the president and the Supreme Court. -Congress and the Supreme Court.

Congress and state legislatures.

What did Anti-Federalists fear would happen if the Constitution became law? -Congress would have too much power over states. -States would have too much freedom to make their own laws. -Congress and states would have equal power. -States would control which laws Congress made.

Congress would have too much power over states.

Why did the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise involve so much debate and discussion at the Constitutional Convention? -The states were not ready to give up their independence to an all-powerful national government. -The states believed the Articles of Confederation were working and did not need to be replaced. -Each state was most concerned for its own interests and needs. -Each state was certain that cooperation would lead to another war.

Each state was most concerned for its own interests and needs.

In addition to the Privileges and Immunities Clause, Article IV, Section 2 includes the -Advice and Consent Clause. -Enslaved Persons Clause. -Federal Approval Clause. -State Approval Clause.

Enslaved Persons Clause.

Which best describes Patrick Henry? -He agreed with Alexander Hamilton and opposed the Constitution. -He was a Federalist and opposed the Constitution. -He was an Anti-Federalist and opposed the Constitution. -He disagreed with Alexander Hamilton and favored the Constitution.

He was an Anti-Federalist and opposed the Constitution.

Which statement about the Great Compromise is accurate? -It included all of Edmund Randolph's ideas. -It was a completely new and different plan. -It overlooked the issue of state representation. -It merged the ideas of multiple delegates' plans.

It merged the ideas of multiple delegates' plans.

Why did Anti-Federalists favor a bill of rights? -It would split power equally between the president and Congress. -It would put goverment in the hands of individual states. -It would give the government more power to make laws. -It would protect individual citizens' freedoms.

It would protect individual citizens' freedoms.

What is the primary difference between Jefferson's and Madison's beliefs about the Bill of Rights? -Jefferson believed that a bill of rights was unnecessary, while Madison believed that it was necessary. -Madison believed that it was important to have a bill of rights to protect against the majority. -Jefferson believed that that the federal system would protect rights without a bill of rights. -Madison disagreed with Jefferson's belief that a bill of rights would protect citizens.

Madison disagreed with Jefferson's belief that a bill of rights would protect citizens.

Read the excerpt from the Centinel. This hypothesis [separation of powers] supposes human wisdom competent [capable] to the task of instituting three co-equal orders in government...If such an organization of power were practicable [able to be used], how long would it continue? Not a day.—Centinel What is the Centinel's view of the three-party system? -People could not create a fair system with three separate powers. -A three-branch system could last not just one day, but many years. -Wise humans could make three equal powers in government. -It would be foolish to have fewer than three branches of government.

People could not create a fair system with three separate powers.

I like the power given the Legislature to levy taxes, and for that reason solely I approve of the greater house being chosen by the people directly. For though I think a house so chosen . . . will be very illy [badly] qualified to legislate for the Union, for foreign nations, etc., yet this evil does not weigh against the good of preserving . . . the fundamental principle that the people are not to be taxed but by representatives chosen . . . by themselves. In this passage, Jefferson offers his opinion about certain details of the legislature. Why does Jefferson approve of having the House of Representatives chosen by voters? -Common people should choose their own representatives. -The representatives will be highly qualified to lead. -People should only be taxed by representatives whom they have elected. -The representatives will have experience with foreign relations.

People should only be taxed by representatives whom they have elected.

Which best describes why some people such as James Madison thought that the Bill of Rights was unnecessary? -Rights that were not listed would be unprotected. -Natural rights could not be quantified. -The Bill of Rights interfered with state laws. -There was no flexibility in the stated rights.

Rights that were not listed would be unprotected.

Read the following excerpt from Federalist #3 by John Jay. The number of wars which have happened or will happen in the world will always be found to be in proportion to the number and weight of the causes, whether REAL or PRETENDED, which PROVOKE or INVITE them. If this remark be just, it becomes useful to inquire whether so many JUST causes of war are likely to be given by UNITED AMERICA as by DISUNITED America; for if it should turn out that United America will probably give the fewest, then it will follow that in this respect the Union tends most to preserve the people in a state of peace with other nations. What might John Jay say is a potential danger associated with not ratifying the Constitution? -Separate states are less likely to be economically prosperous. -Separate states are less likely to preserve peace with other nations. -Separate states are more likely to pass unfair taxes on citizens. -Separate states are more likely to enforce laws with unfair penalties.

Separate states are less likely to preserve peace with other nations

An important part of Article VI in the Constitution is the -Full Faith and Credit Clause. -Supremacy Clause. -Privileges and Immunities Clause. -Enslaved Persons Clause.

Supremacy Clause

Why were the Articles of Confederation replaced with the Constitution? -The Articles of Confederation did not give strong power to the federal government. -The Articles of Confederation did not create a governmental structure for the states. -The Articles of Confederation did not provide powers for strong individual state governments. The Articles of Confederation did not allow the federal government to deal with foreign countries.

The Articles of Confederation did not give strong power to the federal government.

Write a paragraph in response to the question. What does the debate between Madison and Jefferson tell us about the importance of compromise?

The Constitutional Convention required balancing many interests and views. As a result, it featured many compromises. Decisions were made that displeased most if not all observers. At the same time, wise and effective solutions were found to many difficult problems.

Which is a true statement about the Privileges and Immunities Clause? -The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with amending the Constitution. -The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with rights for enslaved persons. -The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with shared rights for citizens. -The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with ratifying the Constitution.

The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with shared rights for citizens.

How does the Tenth Amendment differ from the rest of the amendments in the Bill of Rights? -The Tenth Amendment reserves the rights of the states, whereas the others only reserve the rights of the people. -The Tenth Amendment makes the Constitution applicable to state law, whereas the others apply only to federal law. -The Tenth Amendment involves unenumerated rights, whereas the others only outline enumerated rights. -The Tenth Amendment establishes the role of state governments, whereas the others establish the role of federal government.

The Tenth Amendment reserves the rights of the states, whereas the others only reserve the rights of the people.

How does the Tenth Amendment differ from the rest of the amendments in the Bill of Rights? -The Tenth Amendment reserves the rights of the states. -The Tenth Amendment makes the Constitution applicable to state law. -The Tenth Amendment involves unenumerated rights. -The Tenth Amendment establishes the role of state governments.

The Tenth Amendment reserves the rights of the states.

Which statement about the Three-Fifths Compromise is accurate? -The Three-Fifths Compromise determined where the greatest enslaved populations were based on census data. -The Three-Fifths Compromise helped give more power to states that did not allow slavery. -The Three-Fifths Compromise was developed based on the results of the 1790 census. -The Three-Fifths Compromise was a temporary solution to a long-term political issue.

The Three-Fifths Compromise determined where the greatest enslaved populations were based on census data

Which statement about the delegates at the Constitutional Convention is accurate? -The delegates all came to the convention from the same region. -The delegates agreed on the same constitutional principles. -The delegates agreed on what governmental changes were necessary. -The delegates considered each one of their states to have independent interests.

The delegates considered each one of their states to have independent interests.

What was the primary way the farms in the South differed from those in the North? -The farms of the South did not rely on enslaved labor. -The farms of the South raised cash crops using a plantation system. -The farms of the South only provided crops for southern families. -The farms of the South were pushed aside for other industries.

The farms of the South raised cash crops using a plantation system.

How were Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson alike in their position on ratifying the Constitution? -They both opposed a strong federal government. -They both disagreed with Patrick Henry. -They both favored ratifying the Constitution. -They both sided with Alexander Hamilton.

They both opposed a strong federal government.

Which statement about the northern states in the 1780s is accurate? -Their economy was based on agriculture. -They had far fewer large cities than the southern states. -They generally had less enslaved labor than the southern states. -They had very large farms called plantations.

They generally had less enslaved labor than the southern states.

How did Anti-Federalists feel about a strong central government? -They favored it. -They mostly favored it but had some concerns. -Some opposed it and some favored it. -They opposed it.

They opposed it

What was the Federalists' position on creating a bill of rights? -They approved of the idea because it would help limit government powers. -They disapproved of the idea because it meant the president would have too little power. -They agreed to the idea if they could review and reject parts of it. -They thought it was unnecessary because the Constitution would already limit government powers.

They thought it was unnecessary because the Constitution would already limit government powers

What agreement did the delegates reach regarding enslaved people and representation with the Three-Fifths Compromise? -They were not to be counted in the census at all. -They were counted in the census as full equals. -They were partially counted in the census. -They were counted in the census in certain states.

They were partially counted in the census.

How many states must approve an amendment before it can be added to the Constitution? -One-quarter. -One-half -Three-fourths -Five-eighths

Three-fourths

After Congress has approved a proposed amendment to the Constitution, what then must take place before that amendment becomes law? -The president must approve it. -Three-quarters of the states must approve it. -The Supreme Court must approve it. -Half of the states must approve it.

Three-quarters of the states must approve it.

Read the excerpt from The Federal Farmer. Instead of being thirteen republics, under a federal head, [the Federalists' plan] is clearly designed to make us one [unified] government. . . . Whether such a change can ever be [made] in any manner; whether it can be [made] without convulsions and civil wars; whether such a change will not totally destroy the liberties of this country—time only can determine.-The Federal Farmer What best summarizes the point of view the excerpt expresses? -Under one unified government, people will be robbed of their freedoms. -The Federalists prefer thirteen republics to one unified government. -One unified government probably will not lead to disruptions and civil wars. -Time will tell if a unified government can be a success or a failure.

Time will tell if a unified government can be a success or a failure.

Which of these was not a key difference between Northern and Southern states at the Constitutional Convention? -Wanting to protect states' interests vs. a government with strict rules -Having more, larger cities vs. having fewer, smaller cities -Wanting to protect agriculture vs. protect industries -Having many enslaved people vs. using less enslaved labor

Wanting to protect states' interests vs. a government with strict rules

Read the following excerpt from Federalist #15 by Alexander Hamilton. Government implies the power of making laws. It is essential to the idea of a law, that it be attended with a sanction; or, in other words, a penalty or punishment for disobedience. If there be no penalty annexed to disobedience, the resolutions or commands which pretend to be laws will, in fact, amount to nothing more than advice or recommendation. Alexander Hamilton was most likely -a Federalist who supported ratification of the Constitution. -an Anti-Federalist who supported ratification of the Constitution. -a Federalist who opposed ratification of the Constitution. -an Anti-Federalist who opposed ratification of the Constitution

a Federalist who supported ratification of the Constitution.

Read the following excerpt from Federalist #44 by James Madison. Had every State a right to regulate the value of its coin, there might be as many different currencies as States, and thus the [trade] among them would be impeded; [unexpected changes] in its value might be made, and thus the citizens of other States be injured, and animosities be kindled among the States themselves. The subjects of foreign powers might suffer from the same cause, and hence the Union be discredited and embroiled by the indiscretion of a single member. James Madison would most likely agree with the idea that -state governments should be stronger than a national government. -foreign governments should have influence on state economies. -each state should regulate its own trade with other countries. -a national government should be supreme over state governments.

a national government should be supreme over state governments.

Read the following excerpt from Federalist #44 by James Madison. Had every State a right to regulate the value of its coin, there might be as many different currencies as States, and thus the [trade] among them would be impeded; [unexpected changes] in its value might be made, and thus the citizens of other States be injured, and animosities be kindled among the States themselves. The subjects of foreign powers might suffer from the same cause, and hence the Union be discredited and embroiled by the indiscretion of a single member. According to Madison, ratifying the Constitution would improve the economy by -allowing each state to have its own currency and trade laws. -preventing trade by individual states with other countries. -allowing only gold to be used as currency for trade purposes. -preventing individual states from having their own currencies.

allowing each state to have its own currency and trade laws.

How does a writ of habeas corpus safeguard individual freedom? -by stopping arrest and detention -by allowing the accused to request a trial by jury -by providing a defense for committing a crime -by providing a way to avoid sentencing at trial

by allowing the accused to request a trial by jury

When the Supreme Court makes a ruling on a case that serves to interpret a law passed by Congress, it is an example of -presidential veto. -popular sovereignty. -checks and balances. -habeas corpus.

checks and balances.

Which best describes a role of the executive branch of the federal government? governing commerce interpreting laws regulating taxes enforcing laws

enforcing laws

The New Jersey Plan supported the idea of -bicameral legislation. -equal representation. -multi-cameral legislation. -parliamentary government.

equal representation

The powers of the commander in chief of the armed forces belong to the -judicial branch. -legislative branch. -executive branch. -state governments.

executive branch

Which key idea in the Constitution creates a division of power between national and state governments? -habeas corpus -individual rights -federalism -republicanism

federalism

Read the excerpt from the preamble to the Constitution. . . . [A]nd secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity. According to this excerpt of the preamble, who were freedoms and rights established for? -federal and state elected officials -executive and judicial officials -leaders and past generations -framers of the Constitution and future generations

framers of the Constitution and future generations

The purpose of the preamble of the Constitution is to -establish and maintain the sovereignty of individual states. -describe and enforce the powers of the confederation government. -introduce and explain the core ideas of the government's important principles. -define and distinguish the roles of domestic and foreign policies.

introduce and explain the core ideas of the government's important principles.

I like the power given the Legislature to levy taxes, and for that reason solely I approve of the greater house being chosen by the people directly. For though I think a house so chosen . . . will be very illy [badly] qualified to legislate for the Union, for foreign nations, etc., yet this evil does not weigh against the good of preserving . . . the fundamental principle that the people are not to be taxed but by representatives chosen . . . by themselves. Which of the following summarizes Jefferson's views of "the people" in this passage? -entirely incapable of legislating for the Union -not qualified to legislate on some matters, but entitled to key rights -undeserving of being taxed by their government -the best choice to create legislation for the Union on all matters

not qualified to legislate on some matters, but entitled to key rights

If the police arrive at Larry's office without probable cause or a warrant and demand to search the premises, which amendment protects him from this type of search? -the Fourth Amendment -the Fifth Amendment -the Sixth Amendment -the Eighth Amendment

the Fourth Amendment

In what part of the Great Compromise are the ideas of the Virginia Plan represented? -the Senate -the House of Representatives -the Office of the President -the Unicameral Legislature

the House of Representatives

Which amendment best addresses the fears of Federalists like James Madison, that rights and powers not specifically listed in the Constitution or Bill of Rights will not be protected in the future? -the First Amendment -the Fourth Amendment -the Tenth Amendment -the Ninth Amendment

the Ninth Amendment

Which individual freedom is protected under the Constitution? -the freedom to tell lies that damage another person's reputation -the freedom to assemble together for peaceful meetings -the freedom from having property taken lawfully -the freedom from being arrested lawfully

the freedom to assemble together for peaceful meetings