Grade 12 Biology Cellular Respiration
Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an atom gains one or more electrons.
Oxidation
A chemical reaction in which an atom loses one or more electrons.
Chemiosmosis
A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
Cellular Respiration formula
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Krebs Cycle
Happens in the mitochondrial matrix. Produces oxaloacetate.
Oligosaccharides
Sugars containing several simple sugars attached to one another using glycosydic linkages.
Mitochondrial Matrix
The fluid that fills the interior space of the mitchondrion.
Cristae
The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Electrochemical gradient
A concentration gradient created by pumping ions into a space surrounded by a membrane that is impermeable to the ions.
Phosphorylation
Attaching a phosphate group to an organic molecule.
Glycosidic linkages
Covalent bonds holding monosaccharides together, formulated by a condensation reaction; Uses H atom from hydroxyl of one sugar and OH from hydroxyl of another sugar.
Glycolysis
Happens in the cytoplasm. Breaks down a glucose into 2 pyruvate.
Electron Transport Chain
Happens in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Produces NAD+, FAD+, H+, ATP, and H2O.
Isomer
Molecules with the same chemical formula but with a different arrangement of atoms.
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharide polymers composed of subunits held together by glycosydic linkages.
Pyruvate Oxidation
Produces acetyl-CoA for the Krebs Cycle.