Grade 5 Math Vocabulary

simplify

To express a fraction in simplest form.

intersect

To meet or cross

decompose

To separate into components or basic elements. (ex. 342= 300+40+2= 3x100 + 4x10 + 2x1)

regular polygon

A polygon with all sides the same length and all angles the same measure.

pyramid

A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common vertex.

rectangular prism

A prism with 6 rectangular faces where the lateral edge is perpendicular to the plane of the base.

parallelogram

A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel and congruent sides.

rectangle

A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of congruent, parallel sides and 4 right angles.

trapezoid

A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides and one pair of sides that are not parallel.

rhombus

A quadrilateral with all 4 sides equal in length.

dividend

A quantity to be divided.

lowest terms

A reduced fraction where the numerator and denominator have no common factor greater than 1.

axis

A reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a coordinate grid. (plural - axes)

pattern

A repeating or growing sequence. An ordered set of numbers arranged according to a rule.

rounding

A strategy to find about how much or how many by expressing a number closest to ten, hundred, thousand, or tenth, hundredth, thousandth, etc.

metric system

A system of measurement based on tens. (liters, meters, grams) KHD dcm

customary system

A system of measurement used in the U.S. 1 Gallon = 4 quarts 1 quart = 2 Pints 1 pint = 2 cups 1 cup = 8 oz

polyhedron

A three-dimensional figure in which all the faces are polygons. Polyhedrons have no curved surfaces.

prism

A three-dimensional figure that has two congruent and parallel faces that are polygons. The remaining faces are parallelograms.

isosceles triangle

A triangle that has exactly 2 congruent sides.

scalene triangle

A triangle that has no equal sides.

right triangle

A triangle that has one 90º angle.

obtuse triangle

A triangle that has an angle greater than 90º (obtuse angle).

equilateral triangle

A triangle with all congruent sides and angles.

acute triangle

A triangle with no angle measuring 90º or more.

coordinate grid (plane or system)

A two-dimensional system in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two intersecting, usually perpendicular, straight lines called axes. (also known as coordinate plane or coordinate system)

cubic unit (cm3)

A unit such as a cubic meter to measure VOLUME or capacity.

parallel lines

Lines that are always the same distance apart. They do not intersect.

perpendicular lines

Two lines that form right angles.

parentheses

Used in mathematics as grouping symbols for operations. When simplifying an expression, the operations within the parentheses are performed first.

powers of ten

Using a base number of 10 with an exponent. Our number system is based on the powers of 10.

whole numbers

Whole numbers are 0 and the counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on.

base of a solid figure

A base of a solid figure is usually thought of as a face upon which it can "sit." Most solid figures have more than one base.

attribute

A characteristic. e.g., size, shape or color

polygon

A closed plane figure made by line segments.

line plot

A diagram showing frequency of data on a number line.

numberline

A diagram that represents numbers as points on a line.

face

A flat side of a 3D shape

simplest form

A fraction is in simplest form when the greatest common factor of the numerator and denominator is 1.

unit fraction

A fraction that has 1 as its numerator. A unit fraction names 1 equal part of a whole.

improper fraction

A fraction with a numerator greater than its denominator.

formula

A general mathematical rule that is written as an equation. ex. Volume = L x W x H ex. Volume = area of base x H

line graph

A graph used to show how data changes over time with points connected by line segments.

variable

A letter or symbol that represents a number.

line of symmetry

A line that divides a figure into two congruent halves that are mirror images of each other.

diagonal

A line that goes through vertices of a polygon that are not next to each other.

inequality

A mathematical sentence that compares two unequal expressions using one of the symbols < or >.

partial product

A method of multiplying in which the value of each digit in a factor is multiplied separately, and then the partial products are added together

centimeter

A metric unit of length equal to 0.01 of a meter.

estimate

A number close to an exact amount. An estimate tells about how much or about how many. (round then solve)

divisible

A number is divisible by another number if the quotient is a counting number without a remainder. (ex. 8 is divisible by 2 because there is no remainder)

mixed number

A number with an integer and a fraction part.

decimal

A number with one or more digits to the right of a decimal point. Decimal is used as another name for decimal fraction

standard form

A number written with one digit for each place value. (also known as base-ten numeral form)

term

A number. A component of a sequence. A term in a sequence is any number in that sequence. Ex. 3, 5, 7, 9 (all are terms)

square

A parallelogram with 4 equal angles AND 4 equal sides.

height

A perpendicular line segment from the base to the top of the figure.

two-dimensional figure

A plane, flat figure that has length and width.

quadrilateral

A polygon with 4 sides.

quadrant

A section of a coordinate grid that is separated by the x-axis and y-axis..

sequence

A set of numbers arranged in a special order or pattern.

three-dimensional figure

A solid figure that has length, width, and height.

equation

A statement that two mathematical expressions are equal. ex. 3 + (5 x 7) = (4 x 10) - 2

square unit (cm2)

A unit, such as square centimeter or square inch, used to measure AREA.

expression

A variable or combination of variables, numbers, and symbols that represents a mathematical relationship. (NO EQUAL SIGN)

fraction

A way to describe a part of a whole or a part of a group by using equal parts.

expanded form

A way to write numbers that shows the place value of each digit.

prime number

A whole number that has exactly two different factors, 1 and itself.

reasonableness

An answer that is based on good number sense.

factor

An integer that divides evenly into another.

order of operations

An order, agreed on by mathematicians, for performing operations to simplify expressions.

coordinates

An ordered pair of numbers that identify a point on a coordinate plane. (x, y)

capacity

Capacity refers to the amount of liquid a container can hold.

common denominators

Denominators in two or more fractions that are the same.

equivalent fractions

Fractions that have the same value.

greater than

Greater than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is larger than the second number.

length

How long something is. The distance from one point to another. Length is measured in units such as inches, feet, centimeters, etc. (also one side of a 2-D figure)

less than

Less than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is smaller than the second number.

hundreth

One of 100 equal parts of a whole.

thousandth

One of 1000 equal parts of a whole.

tenth

One of the equal parts when a whole is divided into 10 equal parts.

evaluate

SOLVE! To find the value of a mathematical expression.

mass

The amount of matter in an object. Usually measured by comparing with an object of known mass. While gravity influences weight, it does not affect mass.

difference

The amount that remains after one quantity is SUBTRACTED from another.

origin

The intersection of the x- and y-axes in a coordinate plane, described by the ordered pair (0, 0).

exponent

The little number that tells the amount of times the base is multiplied by itself.

weight

The measure of how heavy something is.

volume

The number of cubic units it takes to fill a figure. V=LxWxH

remainder

The number that is left over after a whole number is divided equally by another.

denominator

The number written below the line in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are in the whole.

multiply

The operation of repeated addition of the same number.

vertex

The point at which two line segments, lines, or rays meet to form an angle. (plural - vertices)

multiple

The product of a whole number and any other whole number.

divisor

The quantity by which another quantity is to be divided.

product

The result of multiplication

sum

The result of addition.

quotient

The result of the division of one quantity by another.

numerator

The top number in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are described in the fraction.

place value

The value of the place of a digit in a number.

solid figure

Three-dimensional figure that has length, width, and height.