Greek Myth Final (Ch. 20, The Odyssey)

The Phaeacians eventually offer Odysseus a ride home via Poseidon's _____?

"magic" ships.

In book 10, Odysseus and his men encounter a few important people including: _______: Good king, could have gotten him home with the "bag of winds," but Odysseus' men disobey orders, back to square one.

Aeolus

Odysseus, overcome with grief (maybe?) is then asked what his name is by ____, the king.

Alcinous

-Eumaius escorts the disguised Odysseus into town -Encounters Argus the dog! -Treated poorly by the suitors -_____refuses to offer the beggar (Odysseus) hospitality?

Antinous

The most arrogant of Penelope's suitors. Antinous leads the campaign to have Telemachus killed.

Antinous

-Odysseus arrives on Ithaka -_______ disguises him???? -Meets a series of friends and foes, in disguise -friends: Eumaius (loyal swineherd) Telemachus (son) Eurycleia (nurse) Penelope (wife) Laertes (father) -foes: The suitors Antinoos (cheif among suitors) Iros (shameful beggar)

Athena

The God(desse)s, espec. (Who?), conspire to get him home from his 19 year absence. This God(dess) admires Odysseus because of his wit and cunning persuasive skills.

Athena

Odysseus is held on (whose?) isle. (A goddess)

Calypso's

Giant whirlpool. Bad.

Charybdis

He and his men help themselves to some od Polyphemus' _____?

Cheese

(Who???) Thought to be equal minded to Odysseus

Penelope

-At this point Odysseus is no longer looking like an old man stranger but it has been so long that Penelope is still carry that it is really him -Odysseus: Fine, I understand, let's wash up and Penelope can test me -Penelope tricks Odysseus by "lying" about the bed. Penelope asks servant to have the bed moved downstairs and Odysseus tells her that this is not possible. (the beds legs are actually connected to the floor because it is made from the same wood as the floor and he had carved the room around the bed instead of the other way around. This is something only Odysseus would know) -Odysseus and Penelope reunite, he tells all, - they have one more task...

Penelope's Recognition

Driven out, founds other cities (Who?)

Philoctetes

_____ returned to Thessaly where he was driven out by his own people. After that he came to Southern Italy and founded many cities.

Philoctetes.

Move and smash ships

Planctae (Wandering Rocks)

After encountering the Lotus eaters Odysseus and his men encounter ________ (the Cyclops) on the isle of the Cyclopes (one-eyed, violent herdsmen).

Polyphemus

(Who?) is angry with Odysseus, thus his many troubles at sea. This person is mad because Odysseus blinded his son the cyclops.

Poseidon

Polyphemus: Son of _______?

Poseidon

Polyphemus curses him, too - thus the beginning of _______ wrath.

Poseidon's

Menelaus. Ultimately good return. (Who?) tells him how to get home. Reunites with Helen.

Proteus

the sandy island of Pharos was the home of Proteus, the oracular Old Man of the Sea and herdsman of the sea-beasts. In the Odyssey, Menelaus relates to Telemachus that he had been becalmed here on his journey home from the Trojan War. He learned from Proteus' daughter Eidothea that if he could capture her father, he could force him to reveal which of the gods he (Odysseus) had offended and how he could get back on their good side and return home. Proteus emerged from the sea to sleep among his colony of seals, but Menelaus was successful in holding him, though Proteus took the forms of a lion, a serpent, a leopard, a pig, even of water or a tree. Proteus then answered truthfully, further informing Menelaus that his brother Agamemnon had been murdered on his return home, that Ajax the Lesser had been shipwrecked and killed, and that Odysseus was stranded on Calypso's Isle Ogygia.

Proteus

They (Athena and Telemachus) discuss privately, scheme for Telemachus to go on a journey to _____ and _______ to get news/evidence of his father.

Pylos and Sparta

After Poseidon destroys his raft, Odysseus lands, as fated, on the shores of _____, the land of the Phaeacians.

Scheria

Winged monsters with women's heads, who by their song lured sailors onto the rocks.

Sirens

The strongest archer could not shoot an arrow Up from his ship all the way to the cave, Which is the lair of Scylla. She barks and yelps Like a young puppy, but she is a monster, An evil monster that not even a god 90 Would be glad to see. She has—listen to this— Twelve gangly legs and six very long necks, And on each neck is perched a bloodcurdling head, Each with three rows of close-set teeth Full of black death. Up to her middle 95 She is concealed in the cave, but her heads dangle Into the abyss, and she fishes by the rock For dolphins and seals or other large creatures That the moaning sea breeds in multitudes. No crew can boast to have sailed past Scylla 100 Unscathed. With each head she carries off a man, Snatching him out of his dark-prowed vessel.

Skylla

As Odysseus leaves, Polyphemus hurls a _____ at the ship.

Stone

At home: ____________, threaten to "consume" the household, marry Penelope, and depose or kill Telemachus, Odysseus' son.

Suitors have taken over the house

-Penelope offers him hospitality - tells the nurse Euryclea to wash the strangers feet -She find... a scar. A scar he received on a boar hunt A hunt hosted by Autloycus, Anticlea's father Autolycus, who gave Odysseus the name from "odussomai" - (I am hated/cause pain) -Eurycleia CANNOT recognize (tell penelope who she has found out the beggar really is) him at this point - the story must continue to unfold -Dangerous moment: She spoke, and turned her eyes toward Penelope, Wanting to show her that her husband was home. But Penelope could not return her gaze Or understand her meaning, for Athena 525 Had diverted her mind. Odysseus reached For the old woman's throat, seized it in his right hand And drawing her closer with his other, he said: "Do you want to destroy me? You yourself Nursed me at your own breast, and now 530 After twenty hard years I've come back home. Now that some god has let you in on the secret, You keep it to yourself, you hear? If you don't, I'll tell you this, and I swear I'll do it: If, with heaven's help, I subdue the suitors, 535 I will not spare you—even if you are my nurse— When I kill the other women in the hall."

The Beginning of Penelope finding out that the stranger is Odysseus.

Odysseus had to go to the Underworld to: a. get advice from Tiresias b. talk to Achilles c. see his mother d. obtain new armor

a.

Odysseus was able to sail past the sirens by: a. blocking the ears of his men with wax and having himself tied to the mast b. having one of his men outsing them c. blindfolding himself so he couldn't see them d. thinking about how beautiful his wife was so he wouldn't be tempted

a.

Odysseus was taken home at the end of his voyage by: a. the Phaeacians b. the Cicones c. Helius d. the Lotus Eaters

a.

Circe turned some of Odysseus' men into: a. gods b. pigs c. frogs d. birds

b.

Who is Eumaeus? a. leader of Penelope's Suitors b. a faithful swineherd c. one of Odysseus' comrades d. King of the Phaeacians

b.

Who is the first suitor to be killed by Odysseus? a. Phemius b. Antinoüs c. Melanthius d. Alcinoüs

b.

Who is the princess that takes Odysseus to her father's palace? a. Euryclea b. Nausicaä c. Calypso d. Scylla

b.

Agamemnon (good/bad) return?

bad

Often disguised, recognized, and ultimately ______?

battles enemies

Which god is the special bane of Odysseus? a. Hermes b. Zeus c. Poseidon d. Oceanus

c.

Trapped in the cave after he returns, begins eating Odysseus' ______.

men

return=

nostos

"Whoever ate that sweet fruit Lost the will to report back, preferring instead To stay there, munching lotus, _____________. I hauled them back wailing to the ships, Bound them under the benches, then ordered All hands to board their ships on the double Before anyone else tasted the lotus."

oblivious of home

The opening of the poem

proem

Odysseus' nostos (return) is contingent upon Penelope's _______ of Odysseus.

proper recognition

The Odyssey is a ______?

return tale

Poseidon sees Odysseus out at sea. He's very, very mad. He causes a ____.

shipwreck

a man who pursues a relationship with a particular woman, with a view to marriage.

suitor

Athena tells Telemachus that some of the suitors are planning to kill him and to be careful. She also tells him to go to the loyal swineherd, Eumaius. When he got their Odysseus (currently disguised as an old man) was already talking to Eumaius. Here Odysseus reveals his true identity to Telemachus and they have an awesome reunion and scheme a plan to kill the _____.

suitors

Odysseus first encounters his loyal ______, Eumaius (first in a series of allies) -Eumaius asks who he is, tells a clever lying tale that demonstrates a bit of Odysseus' real character A test of loyalty? -Eumaius recognizes him, meanwhile, Telemachus makes his journey home

swineherd

The ______ of Laertes (Odysseus' father): weaves by day, unravels by night to keep suitors distracted -she had been telling the suitors that she will decide on a husband when the thing she is going was done.

trick of the shroud

The hero will return. True/False?

true

Odysseus to his men: stuff your ears with ____, but tie me to the mast. I've got to hear this.

wax

Return Tales also fit an older, ________ pattern

widespread

His family's - especially his (who?) - reception determines his fate (good or bad).

wife's

Odysseus gathers gifts, including Maron's VERY strong ____. Wants to see if Polyphemus is hospitable or not. (He's not.)

wine

First, Odysseus and his men encounter the _____, which are a Trojan group of soldiers that live in in Ismara, violent encounter; kills, plunders them. After the initial attack reinforcements were sent in and Odysseus and his men were forced to flee to their ships. Odysseus lost 6 men off of each of his ships, but eventually they got away.

Cicones

In book 10, Odysseus and his men encounter a few important people including: 3) ______: Daughter of Helios, turns Odysseus' men into pigs, he is given the magic "moly" by Hermes as a protective charm which made it impossible for her to turn him into a pig, then Circe eventually reveals the dangerous route home:

Circe

______ reaches Argos quickly after leaving troy and finds his wife Aegialia had been unfaithful. He later finds out that her adultries were caused by Aphrodite because during the war he had wounded

Diomedes

(Who?) and (Who?). Return home to find adulterous wive. Each relocates.

Diomedes and Idomeneus

Return Tales: Possibly an etiology for ______?

Greek colonization

Menelaus. Ultimately good return. Proteus tells him how to get home. Reunites with (who?)

Helen

Tiresias also gives him his most dangerous instructions on how to get home: Must navigate the Sirens, Skylla, the Wandering Rocks, and Charybdis, then stay at the isle of _____.

Helios

(Who?) sent by Zeus to convince Calypso that Odysseus should go home.

Hermes

Neoptolemus. with (who?), (who?), and (who?) rules a city away from home.

Hermione, Helenus, and Andromache

_______ returned to crete after the battle at troy to find out his wife, Meda, had been cheating on him with Leucus. Leucus then kills Meda and her daughter so that he would become king of Crete. Leucus forces him out so he travels to Calabria where he was worshipped as a hero after his death.

Idomeneus

-Odysseus travels to his father's farmhouse, disguised again, lies to his father, he weeps, they reunite - true to form -Signs of his identity? The scar, yes, but also a childhood memory of trees given to him by his father -Revenge of the Suitors? No - Athena and Zeus intervene, poem ends. (the suitors family had found out that Odysseus and Telemachus had killed the suitors and they form a mob to kill them. Athena convinces them not to fight.

Laerte's recognition and the end of the poem

In book 10, Odysseus and his men encounter a few important people including: 2) _________: Encounters a maiden, daughter of king Antiphates, leads them to the palace and many of the crew are immediately seized and eaten for dinner... As they escape, the king calls to the Laestrygonians (giants) who attack the men. Narrow escape.

Laestrygonians

After encountering the Cicones, Odysseus and his men encounter the _____?

Lotus Eaters

Athena goes to Ithaca, disguised as "(Who?)" who knows of Odysseus. Telemachus spotted her first. He was sitting with the suitors, nursing His heart's sorrow, picturing in his mind His noble father, imagining he had returned And scattered the suitors, and that he himself, Telemachus, was respected at last. Such were his reveries as he sat with the suitors. And then he saw Athena. He went straight to the porch, *****Indignant that a guest had been made to wait so long*****. Going up to her he grasped her right hand in his And took her spear, and his words had wings:

Mentes

Poseidon enraged at the Phaeacians, threatens to destroy their city with a ______ and turn the ship into stone.

Mountain

Hermione, Helenus, and Andromache, rules a city away from home with (Who?)

Neoptolemus

In the Odyssey, Nestor and those who were part of his army had safely returned to Pylos since they did not take part in the looting of Troy upon the Greeks' victory in the Trojan War. Odysseus's son Telemachus travels to Pylos to inquire about the fate of his father. Nestor receives Telemachus kindly and entertains him lavishly but is unable to furnish any information on his father's fate.

Nestor

In Greek tradition, there is a now lost epic called ______ or "returns" that dealt with the returns of many heroes after the Trojan War

Nostoi

Later, Odysseus (still nameless to the Phaeacians) - asks Demodocus to sing a song about none other than...

Odysseus

The Odyssey is one, complex expansion of the return tale of (who?)

Odysseus

Basic Summary: Odysseus leaves Calypso's isle ______, aided by Athena, Hermes, and others.

Ogygia

Odysseus' wife:

Penelope

"Child, how can you say this? Your husband Is here at his own fireside, and yet you are sure 75 He will never come home! Always on guard! But here's something else, clear proof: The scar he got from the tusk of that boar. I noticed it when I was washing his feet And wanted to tell you, but he shrewdly clamped 80 His hand on my mouth and wouldn't let me speak. Just come with me, and I will stake my life on it. If I am lying you can torture me to death." Still wary, Penelope replied: "Dear nurse, it is hard for you to comprehend 85 The ways of the eternal gods, wise as you are. Still, let us go to my son, so that I may see The suitors dead and the man who killed them."

Penelope still doesn't think the stranger is Odysseus

The whole time Odysseus and his men were trapped with Polyphemus the cyclops he had been telling Ployphemus that his name was "no one/ Noman" so that when he poked his eye out and Polyphemus started yelling the other cyclops gathered and asked him what was going on he would say "No one is hurting me" This strategy would have worked for Odysseus but when he was leaving he yelled to Polyphemus his real name so that he could claim credit for outsmarting the cyclops. Polyphemus prays to Poseidon (his father) and asks him to harm Odysseus and his men. Poseidon is very angry at him.

The trick of "outis"

Circe: A helper. She gives very specific instruction on how to avoid danger. Among the instructions: DON'T EAT THE CATTLE OF HELIOS on the island of _____. (Odysseus and his men get to the isle of Helios after passing everything Tiresias warned him about) -since Odysseus' men ate the cattle the god Helios asked Zeus to punish them. When they were leaving Zeus created a huge storm that wrecked all of the ships and killed all of his men. Odysseus drifted over on some of the ship's wreckage to Charybdis (the whirlpool) and avoided death by clinging to a tree growing from a cliff. Eventually he got far enough away from the whirlpool and ended up drifting to Ogygia, The island of Calypso.

Thrinakia

Circe tells Odysseus that he must go into the underworld to see the ghost of ______ so that they could learn the route to get home (Ithaca)

Tiresias

According to Homer, how will Odysseus eventually die? a. A gentle death will come far from the sea. b. He will eventually commit suicide. c. His own son will kill him. d. Athena will take him up to Mt. Olympus.

a.

The Laestrygonians were: a. cannibals b. friendly to Odysseus c. supporters of the suitors d. worshipers of Poseidon

a.

The soul of what hero praises Penelope? a. Agamemnon b. Ajax c. Achilles d. Tiresias

a.

What is the meaning of Penelope's' usual epithet periphron? a. "circumspect" b. "deceitful" c. "courageous" d. "beautiful"

a.

Which goddess especially protected Odysseus? a. Athena b. Circe c. Hera d. Aphrodite

a.

Diomedes and Idomeneus. Return home to find _______. Each relocates.

adulterous wives

Tiresias tells Odysseus of his future struggles to get home and tells him that he will return after many years (alone/with his men?) . He also told him about the suitors having sex with Penelope and "wasting his substance" and that he would kill them all.

alone

How did Odysseus and his men offend the god Helius? a. They blinded his son Polyphemus. b. They killed his cattle. c. They tried to trick the Sirens by stopping their ears with wax. d. They tried to carry off Calypso.

b.

The goddess with whom Odysseus lived for seven years was: a. Charybdis b. Calypso c. Cassandra d. Circe

b.

Which character learns of Odysseus' identity through a scar? a. Telemachus b. Euryclea c. Argos d. Laërtes

b.

Which of the following kings was detained in Egypt? a. Agamemnon b. Menelaüs c. Idomeneus d. Diomedes

b.

Test of the ____, then slaughter of suitors at this point (before the ambush) Odysseus hadn't already had his reunion with his wife Penelope. When he comes into town and starts interacting with the suitors she begins to ask the stranger (Odysseus things about his identity and at first he tells her elaborate lies. Later she will tell them that she has created a challenge and the one who accomplishes the challenge will be her husband. The challenge is shooting an arrow through 12 hoops. Odysseus (still disguised at this point as an old man) shoots through the hoops with ease and then quickly reveals himself to be Odysseus and intiates the ambush. He kills all the suitors and the slaves.

bow

Odysseus sorely wants to go home so he _______ and, sets out to sea. He gets to do this because Hermes delivered a message to Calypso that said she had to let him go. She gave him a bronze axe to cut wood with to make this raft.

builds a raft

How did Odysseus escape from the lair of the Cyclops? a. He tricked Polyphemus into divulging the secret exit. b. He got Polyphemus drunk, pried open the door, and fled. c. He clung to the underside of a ram as it was going out to pasture. d. Polyphemus let him go because he proved too cunning an adversary.

c.

Who is sent to order Calypso to allow Odysseus to set sail? a. Athena b. Telemachus c. Hermes d. Iris

c.

Among what people were Odysseus' men almost lulled into staying, forgetting their own homeland? a. the Cicones b. the Laestrygonians c. the Phaeacians d. the Lotus Eaters

d.

How does Aeolus try to help Odysseus? a. He tells him of the dangers he must still face. b. He instructs him to descend into the Underworld. c. He gives him a magic herb to counteract Circe's magic. d. He gives him a leather bag containing the winds.

d.

On his way home from the Trojan War, Ajax the Lesser was killed when he: a. tried to sail past Scylla b. stepped on a snake in Crete c. tried to seduce Cassandra d. boasted that none of the gods could keep him from escaping death at sea

d.

What may be the meaning of Odysseus' name? a. "man of many travels" b. "man with the bow" c. "man of cunning" d. "man of pain"

d.

Who returns to Crete only to find that his wife has committed adultery? a. Philoctetes b. Diomedes c. Agamemnon d. Idomeneus

d.

Who was the queen of the Phaeacians? a. Leucothoe b. Melantho c. Euryclea d. Arete

d.

Odysseus schemes to get out. Odysseus gets Polyphemus very intoxicated, then pokes out his ____.

eye

Menelaus. Ultimately (good/bad) return? Proteus tells him how to get home. Reunites with Helen.

good

Nestor (good/bad) return?

good

Book 1 Begins with telling the tale of a well known wanderer, a _____ who destroyed Troy and who's been everywhere. Odysseus doesn't reveal his identity yet.

man

Odyssey Book 1 Begins in ______ - in the middle of affairs. Often flashes back, changes scenes from Ithaca, where Odysseus' family lives, and tales of Odysseus' wanderings.

media res